Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2019.1594578
V. Tsakona, Maria Sifianou
ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to investigate the use of vocatives in face-to-face interactions in Greek shops. In particular, we concentrate on the types of vocatives attested, their position and function within the exchange, and their association with politeness. The analysis of an extensive corpus of service encounters (SEs) reveals that vocatives are not particularly common in such contexts and that they are mostly used to index familiarity. Such use of vocatives as positive politeness strategies is compatible not only with Greek speakers’ orientation toward positive politeness, but also with the importance attached to the establishment of rapport and familiarity during SEs as a means of enhancing service quality and customer satisfaction.
{"title":"Vocatives in service encounters: evidence from Greek","authors":"V. Tsakona, Maria Sifianou","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2019.1594578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2019.1594578","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to investigate the use of vocatives in face-to-face interactions in Greek shops. In particular, we concentrate on the types of vocatives attested, their position and function within the exchange, and their association with politeness. The analysis of an extensive corpus of service encounters (SEs) reveals that vocatives are not particularly common in such contexts and that they are mostly used to index familiarity. Such use of vocatives as positive politeness strategies is compatible not only with Greek speakers’ orientation toward positive politeness, but also with the importance attached to the establishment of rapport and familiarity during SEs as a means of enhancing service quality and customer satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"39 1","pages":"60 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74831154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2019.1625556
H. Haberland
ABSTRACT Using the classical example of -ize versus -ise in English as a case study, this article argues that insight into etymology, contrary to an assumption implicit in some dictionaries, cannot be of much help in guiding spelling, nor can arguments concerning spelling be meaningfully substantiated on the basis of knowledge of etymology. In building this argument, I compare the original Greek senses of -ίζω -izɔ· to the usage of this suffix when borrowed into Latin, showing how Latin language users have made creative use of elements taken from Greek, integrating them into the language-specific structure of Latin. English speakers have reinterpreted and integrated the suffix -ize/-ise in language usage and structure in similar creative ways by drawing on Greek, Latin and French, meaning that a modern English verb spelled with -ize or -ise can neither be identified as ‘Greek’, ‘Latin’ or ‘French’ by the ordinary language user. Hence, a reference to a word’s origin is not a safe guideline for deciding how it should be spelled.
{"title":"On the limits of etymology","authors":"H. Haberland","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2019.1625556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2019.1625556","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using the classical example of -ize versus -ise in English as a case study, this article argues that insight into etymology, contrary to an assumption implicit in some dictionaries, cannot be of much help in guiding spelling, nor can arguments concerning spelling be meaningfully substantiated on the basis of knowledge of etymology. In building this argument, I compare the original Greek senses of -ίζω -izɔ· to the usage of this suffix when borrowed into Latin, showing how Latin language users have made creative use of elements taken from Greek, integrating them into the language-specific structure of Latin. English speakers have reinterpreted and integrated the suffix -ize/-ise in language usage and structure in similar creative ways by drawing on Greek, Latin and French, meaning that a modern English verb spelled with -ize or -ise can neither be identified as ‘Greek’, ‘Latin’ or ‘French’ by the ordinary language user. Hence, a reference to a word’s origin is not a safe guideline for deciding how it should be spelled.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"9 1","pages":"103 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80845070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2019.1603070
Charles Bache
ABSTRACT This paper examines the narrative use of until-clauses in English found in examples like She was so enjoying life until she suddenly realized that all her efforts had been in vain. In such sentences, the until-clause expresses the main situation (“her suddenly realizing ...”) against the background of the situation expressed by the matrix clause (“her so enjoying life”). This use contrasts with the much more common temporal use, as in He was so happy until he got married, where the main situation is expressed by the matrix clause and gets restricted temporally by the until-clause. My analysis of almost 7,000 sentences containing an until-clause shows that narrative until behaves much like narrative when and before in being both pragmatically and formally distinct from its temporal counterpart. The clearest cases exhibit functional superordination, main clause phenomena, progressive textual cohesion and stylistic intensity. At the same time, however, narrative until differs from when and before in allowing greater actional variety in the clauses it initiates and hence relies less on a fixed actional pattern for its narrative effect. Like before-clauses, until-clauses include stylistically more neutral types to convey a specific juncture in a storyline.
本文考察了英语until从句在以下例句中的叙事用法:她是如此享受生活，直到她突然意识到她所有的努力都是徒劳的。在这样的句子中，until从句表达了在矩阵从句(她如此享受生活)所表达的情况背景下的主要情况(“她突然意识到……”)。这种用法与更常见的时态用法形成对比，比如在He was so happy until He got married中，主要情况由matrix分句表达，暂时由until分句限制。我对近7000个包含until从句的句子进行了分析，结果表明until的表现与when和before非常相似，无论是在语用上还是形式上，它都与时态的对应词截然不同。最清晰的例子表现出功能上的优势、主句现象、语篇的递进衔接和文体强度。然而，与此同时，until的叙事与when和before的不同之处是，它允许在它发起的从句中有更大的行为变化，因此较少依赖于固定的行为模式来达到叙事效果。就像before-从句一样，until-从句在风格上更中性，可以传达故事情节中的特定节点。
{"title":"Narrative until in English","authors":"Charles Bache","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2019.1603070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2019.1603070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the narrative use of until-clauses in English found in examples like She was so enjoying life until she suddenly realized that all her efforts had been in vain. In such sentences, the until-clause expresses the main situation (“her suddenly realizing ...”) against the background of the situation expressed by the matrix clause (“her so enjoying life”). This use contrasts with the much more common temporal use, as in He was so happy until he got married, where the main situation is expressed by the matrix clause and gets restricted temporally by the until-clause. My analysis of almost 7,000 sentences containing an until-clause shows that narrative until behaves much like narrative when and before in being both pragmatically and formally distinct from its temporal counterpart. The clearest cases exhibit functional superordination, main clause phenomena, progressive textual cohesion and stylistic intensity. At the same time, however, narrative until differs from when and before in allowing greater actional variety in the clauses it initiates and hence relies less on a fixed actional pattern for its narrative effect. Like before-clauses, until-clauses include stylistically more neutral types to convey a specific juncture in a storyline.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"54 1","pages":"1 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80898196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2018.1501189
Ditte Boeg Thomsen, Jan Heegård
The languages of the world offer their speakers different means of encoding spatial information and of grounding utterances geographically by pointing to the surrounding landscape. Languages vary both in the spatial concepts they require their speakers to hold and in the degree of routine attention to the physical environment they demand. The five papers in this special issue illustrate crosslinguistic variation in coding strategies for spatial notions as well as methods for investigating such variation, two key themes for the conference Geographic Grounding: Place, direction and landscape in the grammars of the world, held in Copenhagen 30–31May 2016, where the content and perspectives of the five papers were first presented. This issue comprises studies in spatial coding strategies in West Greenlandic (Inuit, Greenland), Icelandic (Germanic, Iceland), Faroese (Germanic, the Faroe Islands), Kalasha and Palula (both Indo-Aryan, Pakistan), Diidxazá (Zapotecan, Mexico), Acazulco Otomí (Otopamean, Mexico) and Mexican Spanish (Romance, Mexico), and the contributions share a keen interest in contextualizing these strategies. On the one hand, the papers examine interdependencies between spatial subsystems within a language that either reinforce or supplement one another. On the other, they investigate the possible influence from spatial language on spatial cognition as well as the possible effects of geography and cultural practices on the structure of space-marking systems.
{"title":"Introduction: spatial language, cognition and environment","authors":"Ditte Boeg Thomsen, Jan Heegård","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2018.1501189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2018.1501189","url":null,"abstract":"The languages of the world offer their speakers different means of encoding spatial information and of grounding utterances geographically by pointing to the surrounding landscape. Languages vary both in the spatial concepts they require their speakers to hold and in the degree of routine attention to the physical environment they demand. The five papers in this special issue illustrate crosslinguistic variation in coding strategies for spatial notions as well as methods for investigating such variation, two key themes for the conference Geographic Grounding: Place, direction and landscape in the grammars of the world, held in Copenhagen 30–31May 2016, where the content and perspectives of the five papers were first presented. This issue comprises studies in spatial coding strategies in West Greenlandic (Inuit, Greenland), Icelandic (Germanic, Iceland), Faroese (Germanic, the Faroe Islands), Kalasha and Palula (both Indo-Aryan, Pakistan), Diidxazá (Zapotecan, Mexico), Acazulco Otomí (Otopamean, Mexico) and Mexican Spanish (Romance, Mexico), and the contributions share a keen interest in contextualizing these strategies. On the one hand, the papers examine interdependencies between spatial subsystems within a language that either reinforce or supplement one another. On the other, they investigate the possible influence from spatial language on spatial cognition as well as the possible effects of geography and cultural practices on the structure of space-marking systems.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"27 1","pages":"123 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83331822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2018.1434730
Gabriela Pérez Báez
Abstract The study of linguistic and cognitive strategies for spatial referencing has seen an increase in studies reported in the literature since the 1970s. This research has moved from formulating theories based on a handful of international languages to documenting and analyzing a growing sample of the world’s languages. This paper focuses precisely on the contributions that languages across a diversity of language families, sociocultural contexts, and geographic settings are making to the advancement of research on spatial referencing. A concrete example is illustrated by the Diidxazá language (Juchiteco, Isthmus Zapotec, Otomanguean) whose analysis has propelled significant explorations into spatial referencing in Mesoamerica and beyond. This paper explores the contributions made by Diidxazá and other lesser studied languages to the advancement of semantic typology, spatial referencing and language and cognition studies. This is placed in the context of current trends in the decline of the world’s linguistic diversity. Thus, this paper advocates for a sustained, and, ideally, increased engagement of the sciences in documenting and revitalizing the world’s languages.
{"title":"Linguistic diversity, language vitality and the advancement of Linguistics as a science","authors":"Gabriela Pérez Báez","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2018.1434730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2018.1434730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study of linguistic and cognitive strategies for spatial referencing has seen an increase in studies reported in the literature since the 1970s. This research has moved from formulating theories based on a handful of international languages to documenting and analyzing a growing sample of the world’s languages. This paper focuses precisely on the contributions that languages across a diversity of language families, sociocultural contexts, and geographic settings are making to the advancement of research on spatial referencing. A concrete example is illustrated by the Diidxazá language (Juchiteco, Isthmus Zapotec, Otomanguean) whose analysis has propelled significant explorations into spatial referencing in Mesoamerica and beyond. This paper explores the contributions made by Diidxazá and other lesser studied languages to the advancement of semantic typology, spatial referencing and language and cognition studies. This is placed in the context of current trends in the decline of the world’s linguistic diversity. Thus, this paper advocates for a sustained, and, ideally, increased engagement of the sciences in documenting and revitalizing the world’s languages.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"49 1","pages":"180 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79102921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-23DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2018.1433905
Ditte Boeg Thomsen, Marc Daniel Skibsted Volhardt
Abstract Many languages have developed a specialized tool for coding spatial background aspects of events: associated motion morphology. This sparsely investigated verb inflection allows speakers to specify that the situation described by a verb takes place against the background of a motion event, as in “sing (while coming)”. Associated-motion systems typically include deictic information, and when verb inflection requires distinctions between motion in different directions, a thinking-for-speaking account would predict cognitive consequences in the shape of heightened memory for direction. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compare encoding of and memory for direction in an endangered Otopamean language, Acazulco Otomí (Mexico). First, we examine diversity and frequency in the use of associated-motion inflection in pilgrim narratives. Then, we investigate the potential cognitive correlates with a psycholinguistic recognition-memory experiment measuring change-detection performance. Linguistic encoding of background direction was found to support memory for direction, but the sample size was small, and the experiment further indicated that both the associated-motion inflection and its corresponding attention patterns are in a process of dissolution. This echoes findings in Arrernte and Mojeño Trinitario, and we discuss why associated motion might be an especially vulnerable category in language-endangerment contexts.
{"title":"Spatial inflection and memory for direction in Acazulco Otomí","authors":"Ditte Boeg Thomsen, Marc Daniel Skibsted Volhardt","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2018.1433905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2018.1433905","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many languages have developed a specialized tool for coding spatial background aspects of events: associated motion morphology. This sparsely investigated verb inflection allows speakers to specify that the situation described by a verb takes place against the background of a motion event, as in “sing (while coming)”. Associated-motion systems typically include deictic information, and when verb inflection requires distinctions between motion in different directions, a thinking-for-speaking account would predict cognitive consequences in the shape of heightened memory for direction. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compare encoding of and memory for direction in an endangered Otopamean language, Acazulco Otomí (Mexico). First, we examine diversity and frequency in the use of associated-motion inflection in pilgrim narratives. Then, we investigate the potential cognitive correlates with a psycholinguistic recognition-memory experiment measuring change-detection performance. Linguistic encoding of background direction was found to support memory for direction, but the sample size was small, and the experiment further indicated that both the associated-motion inflection and its corresponding attention patterns are in a process of dissolution. This echoes findings in Arrernte and Mojeño Trinitario, and we discuss why associated motion might be an especially vulnerable category in language-endangerment contexts.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"18 1","pages":"208 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81850904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-18DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2018.1432210
Jan Heegård, Henrik Liljegren
Abstract The article describes the geomorphic systems of spatial reference in the two Indo-Aryan languages Palula and Kalasha, spoken in adjacent areas of an alpine region in Northwestern Pakistan. Palula and Kalasha encode the inclination of the mountain slope as well as the flow of the river, in systematic and similar ways, and by use of distinct sets of nominal lexemes that may function adverbially. In their verbal systems, only Palula encode, landscape features in a systematic way, but both languages make use of a number of verbal sets that in different ways emphasise boundary-crossing. The article relates the analysis to Palmer's Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis that predicts that the linguistic system of spatial reference will reflect the topography of the surrounding landscape. The analysis of the geomorphic systems in Palula and Kalasha supports this hypothesis. However, data from a survey of spatial strategies in neighbouring languages, i.e., languages spoken in a similar alpine landscape, reveal another system that does not to the same extent or in a similar way encode typical landscape features such as the mountain slope and the flow of the river. This calls for a revision of Palmer's hypothesis that also takes language contact into consideration.
{"title":"Geomorphic coding in Palula and Kalasha","authors":"Jan Heegård, Henrik Liljegren","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2018.1432210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2018.1432210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article describes the geomorphic systems of spatial reference in the two Indo-Aryan languages Palula and Kalasha, spoken in adjacent areas of an alpine region in Northwestern Pakistan. Palula and Kalasha encode the inclination of the mountain slope as well as the flow of the river, in systematic and similar ways, and by use of distinct sets of nominal lexemes that may function adverbially. In their verbal systems, only Palula encode, landscape features in a systematic way, but both languages make use of a number of verbal sets that in different ways emphasise boundary-crossing. The article relates the analysis to Palmer's Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis that predicts that the linguistic system of spatial reference will reflect the topography of the surrounding landscape. The analysis of the geomorphic systems in Palula and Kalasha supports this hypothesis. However, data from a survey of spatial strategies in neighbouring languages, i.e., languages spoken in a similar alpine landscape, reveal another system that does not to the same extent or in a similar way encode typical landscape features such as the mountain slope and the flow of the river. This calls for a revision of Palmer's hypothesis that also takes language contact into consideration.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"18 1","pages":"129 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85636105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2018.1432224
Sara Stradioto
Abstract This study provides evidence for a binary contrast in the deictic system of Mexican Spanish. The analysis is based on experimental data on how native speakers interpret the adverbial demonstratives aquí/acá/ahí/allí/allá in a 3D virtual reality video game. The tests crossed the variables of distance, person, and anaphora. The results revealed that (i) when contrasting degrees of distance and anaphoric reference, ahí primarily has an anaphoric function, while aquí/acá/allí/allá primarily have a deictic function; (ii) acá/aquí designate proximal distances and the domain of the speaker; (iii) ahí designates the domain of the hearer in a person-oriented deixis; and (iv) the meaning of allí and allá cannot be explained by the deictic parameters of distance and person.
摘要本研究为墨西哥西班牙语指示语系统中的二元对比提供了证据。该分析基于以英语为母语的人在3D虚拟现实视频游戏中如何解释指示状语aquí/ ac /ahí/allí/ all的实验数据。这些测试跨越了距离、人、回指等变量。结果表明:(1)对比距离和回指指称时，ahí主要具有回指功能，而aquí/ ac /allí/ all主要具有指示功能;ac /aquí表示近距离和说话人的范围;(iii) ahí在以人为本的指示语中指定了听者的领域;(四)allí和all的意义不能用距离和人的指示参数来解释。
{"title":"Evidence of a two-way contrast in Mexican Spanish spatial deixis","authors":"Sara Stradioto","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2018.1432224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2018.1432224","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study provides evidence for a binary contrast in the deictic system of Mexican Spanish. The analysis is based on experimental data on how native speakers interpret the adverbial demonstratives aquí/acá/ahí/allí/allá in a 3D virtual reality video game. The tests crossed the variables of distance, person, and anaphora. The results revealed that (i) when contrasting degrees of distance and anaphoric reference, ahí primarily has an anaphoric function, while aquí/acá/allí/allá primarily have a deictic function; (ii) acá/aquí designate proximal distances and the domain of the speaker; (iii) ahí designates the domain of the hearer in a person-oriented deixis; and (iv) the meaning of allí and allá cannot be explained by the deictic parameters of distance and person.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"12 1","pages":"242 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81964999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2018.1432205
Axel Holvoet
Abstract The article deals with historical (narrative, descriptive, dramatic) imperatives, an imperative replacing a past tense form in referring to unexpected events or in vivid narration. As their association with the basic directive function of imperatives is not clear, attempts have been made to derive them from some abstract general meanings of imperatives (presumably underlying also their directive meaning). There has been, however, no research into the source constructions for historical imperatives. In this article I point out two types of sources: stylistic devices such as inner monologue and apostrophe on the one hand, and mirative imperatives (of different origin) on the other. As mirative imperatives may be put to use to state the occurrence of unexpected events, the two types of sources coalesce into a common though diffuse construction type comprising historical and mirative imperatives, whose basic function is to describe unexpected events, though languages differ as to the extent to which they use these forms as a narrative device.
{"title":"Sources for historical imperatives","authors":"Axel Holvoet","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2018.1432205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2018.1432205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with historical (narrative, descriptive, dramatic) imperatives, an imperative replacing a past tense form in referring to unexpected events or in vivid narration. As their association with the basic directive function of imperatives is not clear, attempts have been made to derive them from some abstract general meanings of imperatives (presumably underlying also their directive meaning). There has been, however, no research into the source constructions for historical imperatives. In this article I point out two types of sources: stylistic devices such as inner monologue and apostrophe on the one hand, and mirative imperatives (of different origin) on the other. As mirative imperatives may be put to use to state the occurrence of unexpected events, the two types of sources coalesce into a common though diffuse construction type comprising historical and mirative imperatives, whose basic function is to describe unexpected events, though languages differ as to the extent to which they use these forms as a narrative device.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"19 1","pages":"36 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89465531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：