Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10037
Guillaume Oisel
This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of Evidentiality in Middle Classical Tibetan. This is of great importance since Middle Classical Tibetan is the oldest system in typological studies yet identified that uses evidentiality beginning in at least the 15th century. This article also highlights the distinction between the notions of information source and information access in an evidential system. By using a morphosyntactic approach, the usage of evidentiality can be properly described in that language. Specifically, certain types of highly complex copula and auxiliary verb constructions, which had not been previously analyzed, can be used to demonstrate how evidentiality is grammaticalized in Middle Classical Tibetan. This approach avoids the pitfalls of lexical-only analyses, which have previously not been able to support a comprehensive and accurate description of evidentiality. Further, the intricate interaction between evidentiality, aspect, and epistemic modality reveals the subtlety and complexity of the system. Finally, the interaction between evidentiality and politeness register, reveals discursive complex social relationships which have not been previously described and the importance of social deixis in the study of evidentiality.
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Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10039
Haoliang Zhao
The article describes the person indexation system of Dpal.ri Smar, a little-studied Trans-Himalayan language spoken in Chab.mdo, Tibet. It gives paradigms of intransitive and transitive verbs, and categorizes verbs into different conjugations, revealing complex morphophonological rules. Additionally, it compares the system to Rgyalrongic languages, and explores the origin of the second person suffix “-əm” which is unique in the Trans-Himalayan family.
{"title":"Person indexation in Dpal.ri Smar","authors":"Haoliang Zhao","doi":"10.1163/19606028-bja10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article describes the person indexation system of Dpal.ri Smar, a little-studied Trans-Himalayan language spoken in Chab.mdo, Tibet. It gives paradigms of intransitive and transitive verbs, and categorizes verbs into different conjugations, revealing complex morphophonological rules. Additionally, it compares the system to Rgyalrongic languages, and explores the origin of the second person suffix “-əm” which is unique in the Trans-Himalayan family.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"175 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140746806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10038
Kitty Wenying Liu
This article assesses five proposals for the development of Tibetic zl, which has modern reflexes including Lhasa Tibetan /_(ⁿ)d/. My assessment considers on their ability to account for zl’s modern reflexes, their plausibility from the perspective of phonetics, and their congruence with typological observations. I conclude that, at present, Bialek (2018)’s proposal is the most plausible. However, future research may produce comparative evidence that support Gong (2016)’s proposal. At the end, I outline a methodology for investigating the role of functional load in Tibetic consonant cluster mergers.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10033
Hui-chi Lee
This paper investigates various negation strategies in Hlai. The analysis is carried out within the framework of language typology. The most common negation in Hlai is expressed with vei11, immediately preceding the element it negates. The nominal and imperative predications are negated by the nonstandard negators guai121 and zou55. Each type of modal has its own specific suppletive form for negative expression. As previous studies contain little information on this topic, this paper contributes to the field by introducing, clarifying, and analyzing these divergent negative markers.
{"title":"Negation in Hlai","authors":"Hui-chi Lee","doi":"10.1163/19606028-bja10033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates various negation strategies in Hlai. The analysis is carried out within the framework of language typology. The most common negation in Hlai is expressed with vei11, immediately preceding the element it negates. The nominal and imperative predications are negated by the nonstandard negators guai121 and zou55. Each type of modal has its own specific suppletive form for negative expression. As previous studies contain little information on this topic, this paper contributes to the field by introducing, clarifying, and analyzing these divergent negative markers.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10032
Julien Baley
Recent methods have been proposed to produce automatic rhyme annotators for large rhymed corpora. These methods, such as Baley (2022b) greatly reduce the cost of annotating rhymed material, allowing historical linguists to focus on the analysis of the rhyme patterns. However, evidence for the quality of those annotations has been anecdotal, consisting of a handful of individual poem case studies. This paper proposes to address the issue: first, we discuss previously proposed metrics that evaluate the quality of an annotator’s output against a ground-truth annotation (List, Hill, and Foster; 2019) and we propose an alternative metric that is better suited to the task. Then, sampling from Baley’s published annotated corpus and re-annotating it by hand, we use the sample to demonstrate the lacunae in the original approach and show how to fix them. Finally, the hand-annotated sample and source code are published as additional data, so that other researchers can compare the performance of their own annotators.
最近有人提出了为大型韵文语料库制作自动韵文注释器的方法。这些方法（如 Baley (2022b)）大大降低了注韵材料的成本，使历史语言学家能够专注于韵律分析。然而，关于这些注释质量的证据一直都是轶事，包括少数单首诗的个案研究。本文拟解决这一问题：首先，我们讨论了之前提出的根据地面实况注释评估注释者输出质量的指标（List, Hill, and Foster; 2019），并提出了更适合这一任务的替代指标。然后，我们从 Baley 已出版的注释语料库中抽取样本并进行手工重新注释，利用样本来展示原始方法中的缺陷，并说明如何弥补这些缺陷。最后，我们将手工标注的样本和源代码作为附加数据发布，以便其他研究人员可以比较自己的标注者的性能。
{"title":"Evaluating rhyme annotations for large corpora","authors":"Julien Baley","doi":"10.1163/19606028-bja10032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10032","url":null,"abstract":"Recent methods have been proposed to produce automatic rhyme annotators for large rhymed corpora. These methods, such as Baley (2022b) greatly reduce the cost of annotating rhymed material, allowing historical linguists to focus on the analysis of the rhyme patterns. However, evidence for the quality of those annotations has been anecdotal, consisting of a handful of individual poem case studies. This paper proposes to address the issue: first, we discuss previously proposed metrics that evaluate the quality of an annotator’s output against a ground-truth annotation (List, Hill, and Foster; 2019) and we propose an alternative metric that is better suited to the task. Then, sampling from Baley’s published annotated corpus and re-annotating it by hand, we use the sample to demonstrate the lacunae in the original approach and show how to fix them. Finally, the hand-annotated sample and source code are published as additional data, so that other researchers can compare the performance of their own annotators.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10035
Mathieu Beaudouin
{"title":"Neither a grammar nor a manual","authors":"Mathieu Beaudouin","doi":"10.1163/19606028-bja10035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139234099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10034
Pun Ho Lui
This study explores the immediate anteriority (“IMANTE”) construction in Cantonese, in which two events form an “as soon as” relationship. By collecting examples from corpora, three types of IMANTE construction are categorized, based on the subordinate events: (i) achievement, (ii) completion point of a durational event, and (iii) inchoative point of a durational event. This study argues that (iii) is the default usage of a subordinate event when it is durational because it is unmarked and historically emerged earlier than (ii). Second, (iii) is seemingly a defining property of IMANTE besides “zero-time interval between two events”.
{"title":"Immediate anteriority construction in Cantonese","authors":"Pun Ho Lui","doi":"10.1163/19606028-bja10034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10034","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the immediate anteriority (“IMANTE”) construction in Cantonese, in which two events form an “as soon as” relationship. By collecting examples from corpora, three types of IMANTE construction are categorized, based on the subordinate events: (i) achievement, (ii) completion point of a durational event, and (iii) inchoative point of a durational event. This study argues that (iii) is the default usage of a subordinate event when it is durational because it is unmarked and historically emerged earlier than (ii). Second, (iii) is seemingly a defining property of IMANTE besides “zero-time interval between two events”.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1163/19606028-bja10028
N. Hill
Because most Sino-Tibetan languages with a literary tradition use Indic derived scripts and those that do not are each sui generis, there are advantages to transcribing these languages also along Indic lines. In particular, this article proposes an Indological transcription for Middle Chinese.
{"title":"An Indological transcription of Middle Chinese","authors":"N. Hill","doi":"10.1163/19606028-bja10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10028","url":null,"abstract":"Because most Sino-Tibetan languages with a literary tradition use Indic derived scripts and those that do not are each sui generis, there are advantages to transcribing these languages also along Indic lines. In particular, this article proposes an Indological transcription for Middle Chinese.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42463082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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