Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.097708
Yong Han, Quan Li, Yubin Qian, Dayong Zhou, M. Svensson
The purpose of this study was to investigate the landing kinematics (LK) of pedestrians and cyclists and to provide an analysis of the influencing factors. A total of 112 pedestrian cases and 51 cyclist cases with video information were analysed. The results showed that the pedestrians' and cyclists' landing kinematics depends on the vehicle front-end shape and impact velocity. In this LK1, the pedestrian/cyclist body had a clear rotation speed during ground contact. In this case, 71% of the cyclists and 39% of the pedestrians were found head firstly contact to the ground. In the most frequent LK2, the pedestrian/cyclist was thrown upward-forward and then landed without rotational speed (46% of all pedestrian and 49% of all cyclist cases). Research on the relation between the vehicle front shape and the LK of pedestrians/ cyclists can guide the safety design of a motor vehicle for reducing head injury risk
{"title":"Comparison of the landing kinematics of pedestrians and cyclists during ground impact determined from vehicle collision video records","authors":"Yong Han, Quan Li, Yubin Qian, Dayong Zhou, M. Svensson","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.097708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.097708","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the landing kinematics (LK) of pedestrians and cyclists and to provide an analysis of the influencing factors. A total of 112 pedestrian cases and 51 cyclist cases with video information were analysed. The results showed that the pedestrians' and cyclists' landing kinematics depends on the vehicle front-end shape and impact velocity. In this LK1, the pedestrian/cyclist body had a clear rotation speed during ground contact. In this case, 71% of the cyclists and 39% of the pedestrians were found head firstly contact to the ground. In the most frequent LK2, the pedestrian/cyclist was thrown upward-forward and then landed without rotational speed (46% of all pedestrian and 49% of all cyclist cases). Research on the relation between the vehicle front shape and the LK of pedestrians/ cyclists can guide the safety design of a motor vehicle for reducing head injury risk","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2018.097708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10018894
L. Tang, Jiajia Zheng, Taotao Wu, QingHong Zhou
Booster seat sliding on vehicle seat can influence kinematical and injury outcomes of child occupant in frontal collision accidents. This paper presents a study of the effects of booster seat sliding on submarining tendency and other injury risks of child occupant. A multi-body model of the Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy positioned in a booster seat was developed on MADYMO platform. Using the model, four load cases were simulated to study the sliding effects on submarining and injury outcomes of the child dummy. The study has revealed that the booster seat sliding can increase ride-down efficiency and in general exert positive effects on injury reduction. It also has some unfavourable effects in cases when booster sliding causes the child to impact the seatback of the front-row seat or if the child is in a more reclined posture that has higher risk of submarining. The unfavourable effects can be avoided by optimising design of child restraint system.
{"title":"Effects of booster seat sliding on responses and injuries of child occupant","authors":"L. Tang, Jiajia Zheng, Taotao Wu, QingHong Zhou","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10018894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10018894","url":null,"abstract":"Booster seat sliding on vehicle seat can influence kinematical and injury outcomes of child occupant in frontal collision accidents. This paper presents a study of the effects of booster seat sliding on submarining tendency and other injury risks of child occupant. A multi-body model of the Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy positioned in a booster seat was developed on MADYMO platform. Using the model, four load cases were simulated to study the sliding effects on submarining and injury outcomes of the child dummy. The study has revealed that the booster seat sliding can increase ride-down efficiency and in general exert positive effects on injury reduction. It also has some unfavourable effects in cases when booster sliding causes the child to impact the seatback of the front-row seat or if the child is in a more reclined posture that has higher risk of submarining. The unfavourable effects can be avoided by optimising design of child restraint system.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10018897
Chin-hsu Lin, A. Nayak
The NHTSA frontal 90 kph 150 OMDB 35% offset test is a part of the new test protocol being proposed to simulate small overlap and oblique impact crashes in the field. An advanced crash test dummy, THOR, is proposed in the test protocol for injury risk assessment instead of the standard frontal impact dummy Hybrid III (H-III). An integrated vehicle finite element model with H-III, THOR and the GHBMC 50th male models is employed to compare the kinematics and injury differences. In this study, we evaluated the occupant response in the new frontal OMDB test using GHBMC models to quantify and qualify the potential injury pattern and risk in this type of crash. The vehicle model was validated with both a full frontal 35 mph rigid barrier test and the very first frontal OMDB test with the H-III 50th %ile male dummies is conducted. The differences in the measured responses of the H-III and THOR from simulations and tests, and the simulated responses of the GHBMC model, were compared. The additional tissue-level injuries predicted by the GMBMC model, which are beyond the capability of the H-III and THOR dummies, showed the potential injury pattern and risk of occupants in the OMDB test.
NHTSA正面90公里/小时150 OMDB 35%偏移测试是新测试方案的一部分，旨在模拟现场的小重叠和倾斜碰撞。在测试方案中提出了一种先进的碰撞测试假人THOR，用于损伤风险评估，而不是标准的正面碰撞假人Hybrid III (H-III)。采用H-III、THOR和GHBMC 50男性模型的整车有限元模型比较运动学和损伤差异。在这项研究中，我们使用GHBMC模型评估了乘员在新的正面OMDB测试中的反应，以量化和确定此类碰撞中的潜在伤害模式和风险。车辆模型通过35英里/小时的正面刚性屏障测试和首次正面OMDB测试进行了验证，该测试采用了H-III 50%的男性假人。比较了模拟和试验中H-III和THOR的实测响应与GHBMC模型的模拟响应的差异。GMBMC模型预测的额外组织水平损伤超出了H-III和THOR假人的能力，在OMDB测试中显示了乘员的潜在损伤模式和风险。
{"title":"Using GHBMC M50-O to assess the suitability of H-III and THOR for the SOI tests","authors":"Chin-hsu Lin, A. Nayak","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10018897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10018897","url":null,"abstract":"The NHTSA frontal 90 kph 150 OMDB 35% offset test is a part of the new test protocol being proposed to simulate small overlap and oblique impact crashes in the field. An advanced crash test dummy, THOR, is proposed in the test protocol for injury risk assessment instead of the standard frontal impact dummy Hybrid III (H-III). An integrated vehicle finite element model with H-III, THOR and the GHBMC 50th male models is employed to compare the kinematics and injury differences. In this study, we evaluated the occupant response in the new frontal OMDB test using GHBMC models to quantify and qualify the potential injury pattern and risk in this type of crash. The vehicle model was validated with both a full frontal 35 mph rigid barrier test and the very first frontal OMDB test with the H-III 50th %ile male dummies is conducted. The differences in the measured responses of the H-III and THOR from simulations and tests, and the simulated responses of the GHBMC model, were compared. The additional tissue-level injuries predicted by the GMBMC model, which are beyond the capability of the H-III and THOR dummies, showed the potential injury pattern and risk of occupants in the OMDB test.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.097721
Jun Wu, Chuanliang Shan, C. Chou, Jingwen Hu, Libo Cao, Binhui Jiang
This paper presents a study using 1997-2015 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) data to estimate the risk and body region distribution of injury for rear-seated children aged 4-18 using vehicle seat belts in frontal crashes and evaluate specific cut-off points for age as effect modifiers of the association between use of vehicle seat belts and their respectively significant injury. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the injury risk for children aged 4-18. Results showed that seatbelt was the most common form of restraint for children older than four years of age seated in the rear seat. Children 8-12 years of age were at the highest risk of significant injury among children 4-18 years old. The risks of significant injury by body regions varied among children 4-18 years old due to the differences in anthropometry. Children 4-8 years of age appeared to be at increased risk of injury from using seat belts, whereas children 9-18 years of age experienced protective effects of using seat belts.
{"title":"Age effects on injury pattern of rear-seat child occupants in frontal crashes","authors":"Jun Wu, Chuanliang Shan, C. Chou, Jingwen Hu, Libo Cao, Binhui Jiang","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.097721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.097721","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study using 1997-2015 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) data to estimate the risk and body region distribution of injury for rear-seated children aged 4-18 using vehicle seat belts in frontal crashes and evaluate specific cut-off points for age as effect modifiers of the association between use of vehicle seat belts and their respectively significant injury. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the injury risk for children aged 4-18. Results showed that seatbelt was the most common form of restraint for children older than four years of age seated in the rear seat. Children 8-12 years of age were at the highest risk of significant injury among children 4-18 years old. The risks of significant injury by body regions varied among children 4-18 years old due to the differences in anthropometry. Children 4-8 years of age appeared to be at increased risk of injury from using seat belts, whereas children 9-18 years of age experienced protective effects of using seat belts.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2018.097721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-10DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2017.087165
N. Dhanaletchmi, F. Nagi, A. Ramasamy
Vehicle crashes continue to occur despite all the human efforts to prevent them resulting in injuries and loss of lives. The implementation of airbags has been shown to offer passenger safety in a collision. However, premature deployment and malfunction of airbag has resulted in fatalities and injuries to drivers and front seat passengers. In this study, a magneto-rheological (MR) damper is used as a replacement of airbag in vehicles to serve as a protective system. MR damper is a smart damping device which can be programmed to dynamically absorb shocks and high impact force when used in application such as passenger cars. In this paper, G-force profile of the airbag vehicle crashing system is compared with the G-force profile obtained from the MR damper vehicle crashing system. Subsequently, for this purpose MR damper characteristics are designed and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller are proposed for MR damper current control. Simulation results proved that fuzzy based MR damper system yields better results compared to PID based MR damper system and airbag vehicle crashing system.
{"title":"Magneto-rheological damper design characteristics for vehicle airbag replacement","authors":"N. Dhanaletchmi, F. Nagi, A. Ramasamy","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2017.087165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2017.087165","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle crashes continue to occur despite all the human efforts to prevent them resulting in injuries and loss of lives. The implementation of airbags has been shown to offer passenger safety in a collision. However, premature deployment and malfunction of airbag has resulted in fatalities and injuries to drivers and front seat passengers. In this study, a magneto-rheological (MR) damper is used as a replacement of airbag in vehicles to serve as a protective system. MR damper is a smart damping device which can be programmed to dynamically absorb shocks and high impact force when used in application such as passenger cars. In this paper, G-force profile of the airbag vehicle crashing system is compared with the G-force profile obtained from the MR damper vehicle crashing system. Subsequently, for this purpose MR damper characteristics are designed and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller are proposed for MR damper current control. Simulation results proved that fuzzy based MR damper system yields better results compared to PID based MR damper system and airbag vehicle crashing system.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2017.087165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46307865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-10DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008222
Mohamed Garoui
Building a safety model is an approach to make expert decisions explicit about safety of a system. The issue of safe modelling and analysis in such domain is still an open research field. Providing quantitative estimation of system safety is an interesting method to study the system complexity. This paper explores our main current methods, and proposes a new formal model for quantitative estimation based on Stochastic Activity Network (SAN). This model is built based on some failure modes that affect the vehicles platoon.
{"title":"Safety modelling and evaluation of vehicles platoon based on SAN models","authors":"Mohamed Garoui","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008222","url":null,"abstract":"Building a safety model is an approach to make expert decisions explicit about safety of a system. The issue of safe modelling and analysis in such domain is still an open research field. Providing quantitative estimation of system safety is an interesting method to study the system complexity. This paper explores our main current methods, and proposes a new formal model for quantitative estimation based on Stochastic Activity Network (SAN). This model is built based on some failure modes that affect the vehicles platoon.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43056757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-10DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008260
M. Rajani, Marzieh Fallahpouramiri
Inflatable restraint systems have significant roles in the protection of the vehicle occupants during an accident. The performance of these components directly depends on the parameters of the cushion. An airbag vent is somehow an exhaust which releases gases within the airbag to the ambient. The diameter of the vent is a parameter in adjustment of the head injury criterion (HIC) of the airbag. In this research, a head form testing apparatus has been developed in order to perform the head impact test on deployed airbags in simulation validation procedure. A number of experimental and FEM head form tests are executed so as to endorse the accuracy of the FEM simulation through the validation procedure. The validated FEM model is utilised to analyse the effectiveness of the diameter of the vent in HIC of the airbag. An optimum value for vent diameter is obtained from the results of FEM tests.
{"title":"A study on the effect of airbag vent diameter on head injury criterion of driver airbag using experimenting and finite element method","authors":"M. Rajani, Marzieh Fallahpouramiri","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008260","url":null,"abstract":"Inflatable restraint systems have significant roles in the protection of the vehicle occupants during an accident. The performance of these components directly depends on the parameters of the cushion. An airbag vent is somehow an exhaust which releases gases within the airbag to the ambient. The diameter of the vent is a parameter in adjustment of the head injury criterion (HIC) of the airbag. In this research, a head form testing apparatus has been developed in order to perform the head impact test on deployed airbags in simulation validation procedure. A number of experimental and FEM head form tests are executed so as to endorse the accuracy of the FEM simulation through the validation procedure. The validated FEM model is utilised to analyse the effectiveness of the diameter of the vent in HIC of the airbag. An optimum value for vent diameter is obtained from the results of FEM tests.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46490729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-10DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008223
Amalendu Sahoo, S. Majumder, A. Roychowdhury
Knee-thigh-hip complex (KTH) was simulated under automobile frontal impact with variation of energy and impactor mass to locate the high stress-strain zones within the model. Finite element model of KTH in seating posture was developed with computed tomography scan based material properties. Material properties (modulus of elasticity) of pelvis, left and right femur were 4072.8 MPa, 17,605 MPa and 16,099 MPa respectively. Impactor velocities of 4.58 m/s, 5.80 m/s and 7.10 m/s were considered for 250 J, 400 J and 600 J with 23.8 kg impactor mass and 3.24 m/s, 2.65 m/s for 250 J with 47.6 kg and 71.4 kg impactor mass respectively. Five zones were identified which showed maximum von-Mises stress and strain for all the three energy variations. High mass (71.4 kg) impactor with low velocity was safer than low mass (47.6 kg, 23.8 kg) with high velocity for the same 250 J impact energy. This model may be helpful during vehicle design for injury protection to the car occupant's lower extremity.
{"title":"Car occupant response: finite element analysis of knee-thigh-hip complex under frontal impact","authors":"Amalendu Sahoo, S. Majumder, A. Roychowdhury","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008223","url":null,"abstract":"Knee-thigh-hip complex (KTH) was simulated under automobile frontal impact with variation of energy and impactor mass to locate the high stress-strain zones within the model. Finite element model of KTH in seating posture was developed with computed tomography scan based material properties. Material properties (modulus of elasticity) of pelvis, left and right femur were 4072.8 MPa, 17,605 MPa and 16,099 MPa respectively. Impactor velocities of 4.58 m/s, 5.80 m/s and 7.10 m/s were considered for 250 J, 400 J and 600 J with 23.8 kg impactor mass and 3.24 m/s, 2.65 m/s for 250 J with 47.6 kg and 71.4 kg impactor mass respectively. Five zones were identified which showed maximum von-Mises stress and strain for all the three energy variations. High mass (71.4 kg) impactor with low velocity was safer than low mass (47.6 kg, 23.8 kg) with high velocity for the same 250 J impact energy. This model may be helpful during vehicle design for injury protection to the car occupant's lower extremity.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45563633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A holistic human body finite element model of a 6-year-old pedestrian was completed by integrating the skin, soft tissues and joint ligaments, based on the component models of a 6-year-old child. The complete model was verified by comparing to available cadaveric test data. Then it was used to simulate collisions of midsize car/SUV-paediatric pedestrian at different collision speeds, in order to study the effects of collision speed, and vehicle type on kinematic/biomechanical responses of paediatric chest and abdomen, and to predict the injuries of bones and internal organs according to compression/viscous criterion and strain. Simulation results showed that the number of rib fractures increased with the increase of collision speed in collision simulations of midsize car-paediatric pedestrian, but no rib fracture appeared in simulations of SUV-paediatric pedestrian impact. Maximum values of chest/abdomen/thigh impact forces, maximum deformation/VCmax of paediatric chest and abdomen, and maximum first principal strain of internal organs were proportional to collision speed. Predicted paediatric chest and abdominal injuries, obtained from the midsize car-pedestrian simulations, were found to be consistent when compression/viscous criterion and first principal strain were used as a yardstick for injury assessment. Additionally, compression/viscous criteria had some limitations on the prediction of rib fracture in SUV-pedestrian collision simulations.
{"title":"Thoracoabdominal injury analysis of a 6-year-old pedestrian finite element model in vehicle-pedestrian collisions","authors":"Wenle Lv, J. Ruan, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Shijie Ruan","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008209","url":null,"abstract":"A holistic human body finite element model of a 6-year-old pedestrian was completed by integrating the skin, soft tissues and joint ligaments, based on the component models of a 6-year-old child. The complete model was verified by comparing to available cadaveric test data. Then it was used to simulate collisions of midsize car/SUV-paediatric pedestrian at different collision speeds, in order to study the effects of collision speed, and vehicle type on kinematic/biomechanical responses of paediatric chest and abdomen, and to predict the injuries of bones and internal organs according to compression/viscous criterion and strain. Simulation results showed that the number of rib fractures increased with the increase of collision speed in collision simulations of midsize car-paediatric pedestrian, but no rib fracture appeared in simulations of SUV-paediatric pedestrian impact. Maximum values of chest/abdomen/thigh impact forces, maximum deformation/VCmax of paediatric chest and abdomen, and maximum first principal strain of internal organs were proportional to collision speed. Predicted paediatric chest and abdominal injuries, obtained from the midsize car-pedestrian simulations, were found to be consistent when compression/viscous criterion and first principal strain were used as a yardstick for injury assessment. Additionally, compression/viscous criteria had some limitations on the prediction of rib fracture in SUV-pedestrian collision simulations.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47173005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-10DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008268
Qiping Chen, Xiang Li, XinJian Zhou, Li Zeng, C. Liao, Q. Xiao, Sheng Kang
Safety, energy saving and environmental protection are the three mainstream directions of current automobile industry research. The super miniature electric vehicles (SMEVs) with their lightweight, miniaturisation, electrification, energy saving and environmental protection characteristics will be developed rapidly and popularly in the city road traffic in future. But the mass and size are reduced in the super miniature electric vehicles, to a certain extent, which may affect the cars' performance handling, such as stability, security and comfort. In this paper, the SMEVs market prospect is analysed firstly, next the necessity of research on the vehicle man-machine dynamics behaviour coupling mechanism is discussed. Finally the paper puts forward that the driver-vehicle closed-loop system, driver's seat posture change dynamic system and virtual human body model research are important for the man-machine dynamics coupling research to improve the performances of the SMEVs.
{"title":"Analysis and research on the man-machine dynamics behaviour coupling mechanism of the super miniature electric vehicle","authors":"Qiping Chen, Xiang Li, XinJian Zhou, Li Zeng, C. Liao, Q. Xiao, Sheng Kang","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2017.10008268","url":null,"abstract":"Safety, energy saving and environmental protection are the three mainstream directions of current automobile industry research. The super miniature electric vehicles (SMEVs) with their lightweight, miniaturisation, electrification, energy saving and environmental protection characteristics will be developed rapidly and popularly in the city road traffic in future. But the mass and size are reduced in the super miniature electric vehicles, to a certain extent, which may affect the cars' performance handling, such as stability, security and comfort. In this paper, the SMEVs market prospect is analysed firstly, next the necessity of research on the vehicle man-machine dynamics behaviour coupling mechanism is discussed. Finally the paper puts forward that the driver-vehicle closed-loop system, driver's seat posture change dynamic system and virtual human body model research are important for the man-machine dynamics coupling research to improve the performances of the SMEVs.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44490087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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