Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2019.101305
Aowen Duan, Ju Yang, Jinlong Qiu, Chengjian Feng, Z. Yin, Kui Li
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the characteristics and patterns of injuries caused by fatal pedestrian crashes in south-west China and to discuss some of the public health issues. A scientific team was formed to conduct an in-depth investigation and collect fatal pedestrian crashes occurring between April 2012 and December 2018. The overall distribution was analysed and illustrated. Each killed pedestrian was classified into different groups by age and death outcome. Cross-tabulations were used to identify variables that differed three age groups and the injury characteristics were compared using multivariate statistical methods. A total of 704 fatal crashes with an impact speed of 12-159 km/h were investigated and the pedestrians with an average age of 58.6 ± 18.8 years were enrolled. 55% of the pedestrians died at the scene and 76% died within 24 hours. Head injury was the leading cause of deaths with a rate of 87.7%. Temporal (33.2%) and rib fracture (56.3%) was the most common injury patterns. Our study demonstrates that limiting vehicle speed in urban roads and enhancing road traffic safety education for the elderly are effective ways to prevent pedestrian deaths. And strengthening the emergency rescue ability to head injury at the scene is the most effective way to reduce pedestrian fatality.
{"title":"Characteristics of the fatal pedestrian crashes in south-west China: implication for prevention and emergency care","authors":"Aowen Duan, Ju Yang, Jinlong Qiu, Chengjian Feng, Z. Yin, Kui Li","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2019.101305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101305","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the characteristics and patterns of injuries caused by fatal pedestrian crashes in south-west China and to discuss some of the public health issues. A scientific team was formed to conduct an in-depth investigation and collect fatal pedestrian crashes occurring between April 2012 and December 2018. The overall distribution was analysed and illustrated. Each killed pedestrian was classified into different groups by age and death outcome. Cross-tabulations were used to identify variables that differed three age groups and the injury characteristics were compared using multivariate statistical methods. A total of 704 fatal crashes with an impact speed of 12-159 km/h were investigated and the pedestrians with an average age of 58.6 ± 18.8 years were enrolled. 55% of the pedestrians died at the scene and 76% died within 24 hours. Head injury was the leading cause of deaths with a rate of 87.7%. Temporal (33.2%) and rib fracture (56.3%) was the most common injury patterns. Our study demonstrates that limiting vehicle speed in urban roads and enhancing road traffic safety education for the elderly are effective ways to prevent pedestrian deaths. And strengthening the emergency rescue ability to head injury at the scene is the most effective way to reduce pedestrian fatality.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2019.101291
A. Tamura, King H. Yang
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most common cause of serious and fatal injuries in car-to-pedestrian accidents. We used finite element models to perform a series of low-speed fender vault pedestrian impact simulations with the aim of reconstructing the primary impact phase and the final event of ground contact. We found that when compared to a sedan, a sport utility vehicle more aggressively increased the potential severity of TBI (P ˂ 0.05). In a low-speed collision, a medium level of braking deceleration (0.6 g) was found to significantly better protect the pedestrian's head when compared with low (0.3 g) and high (0.9 g) brake pulses (P ˂ 0.05), suggesting that a reasonable vehicle-to-pedestrian mechanical interaction is required to achieve a soft landing during the ground impact phase. The vehicle front-end design and proper brake deceleration control are essential contributors to a reduced TBI risk in low-speed fender vault pedestrian impact cases.
{"title":"Essential factors leading to a traumatic brain injury during low-speed fender vault pedestrian impacts","authors":"A. Tamura, King H. Yang","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2019.101291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101291","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most common cause of serious and fatal injuries in car-to-pedestrian accidents. We used finite element models to perform a series of low-speed fender vault pedestrian impact simulations with the aim of reconstructing the primary impact phase and the final event of ground contact. We found that when compared to a sedan, a sport utility vehicle more aggressively increased the potential severity of TBI (P ˂ 0.05). In a low-speed collision, a medium level of braking deceleration (0.6 g) was found to significantly better protect the pedestrian's head when compared with low (0.3 g) and high (0.9 g) brake pulses (P ˂ 0.05), suggesting that a reasonable vehicle-to-pedestrian mechanical interaction is required to achieve a soft landing during the ground impact phase. The vehicle front-end design and proper brake deceleration control are essential contributors to a reduced TBI risk in low-speed fender vault pedestrian impact cases.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48944516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2019.101306
K. Fung, Sungmoon Jung, J. Sobanjo
The ageing population is expected to increase substantially in the near future. The fatal crash rates (per mile travelled) involving older drivers are considerably higher than those of younger drivers. This study evaluates the main effects of driving posture changes due to ageing in a frontal crash through finite element simulations involving the Hybrid III dummy model. The idea that driving posture for older drivers tends to be closer to the steering wheel whereas younger drivers are more laid back is incorporated into the study. Contracted body joint angles prove to be beneficial for the Head Injury Criteria but the opposite occurs for the chest acceleration. When the driver's torso contracts approximately 3°, the HIC15 decreases 5% while the chest acceleration increases 3%. Posture does not affect the pelvis acceleration.
{"title":"Main effects of driving posture changes in frontal crashes due to ageing","authors":"K. Fung, Sungmoon Jung, J. Sobanjo","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2019.101306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101306","url":null,"abstract":"The ageing population is expected to increase substantially in the near future. The fatal crash rates (per mile travelled) involving older drivers are considerably higher than those of younger drivers. This study evaluates the main effects of driving posture changes due to ageing in a frontal crash through finite element simulations involving the Hybrid III dummy model. The idea that driving posture for older drivers tends to be closer to the steering wheel whereas younger drivers are more laid back is incorporated into the study. Contracted body joint angles prove to be beneficial for the Head Injury Criteria but the opposite occurs for the chest acceleration. When the driver's torso contracts approximately 3°, the HIC15 decreases 5% while the chest acceleration increases 3%. Posture does not affect the pelvis acceleration.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47570765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2019.101294
Shijie Ruan, Wei Zhao, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He
To test the applicability of Head Injury Criterion (HIC), three different-sized (5th, 50th, 95th percentile) finite element head models were developed from medical CT scan images of living humans. These models were scaled to generate six scaled models. The skulls of these nine models were defined as deformable and rigid bodies, respectively. It was found that both coup and contrecoup pressures decreased from the smaller head to the larger one when the skulls were deformable; while the opposite trends were found when the skulls were defined as rigid bodies. Maximum principal strains and maximum share stresses increased from the smaller head to the larger one for both deformable and rigid skulls with much larger increases in the rigid skull cases. It also found that there were larger discrepancies in intracranial responses between scaled models and the original ones, which invalidate the scaling laws used in biomechanical injury studies.
{"title":"Further investigation of the applicability of head injury criterion and the associated scaling laws with finite element modelling","authors":"Shijie Ruan, Wei Zhao, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2019.101294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101294","url":null,"abstract":"To test the applicability of Head Injury Criterion (HIC), three different-sized (5th, 50th, 95th percentile) finite element head models were developed from medical CT scan images of living humans. These models were scaled to generate six scaled models. The skulls of these nine models were defined as deformable and rigid bodies, respectively. It was found that both coup and contrecoup pressures decreased from the smaller head to the larger one when the skulls were deformable; while the opposite trends were found when the skulls were defined as rigid bodies. Maximum principal strains and maximum share stresses increased from the smaller head to the larger one for both deformable and rigid skulls with much larger increases in the rigid skull cases. It also found that there were larger discrepancies in intracranial responses between scaled models and the original ones, which invalidate the scaling laws used in biomechanical injury studies.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2019.101307
Yingjie Liu, Qiuyun Sun, Dawei Cui
In the last few years, many closed-loop control systems have been introduced in the automotive field to increase the level of safety and driving automation. For the integration of such systems, it is critical to estimate motion states and parameters of the vehicle that are not exactly known or that change over time. In order to estimate the motion states and parameters, a method based on PSO-RBF neural network is presented to solve problem of vehicle state estimation in vehicle handling dynamics. The basic idea behind the work was to identify several key parameters which affected the performance of vehicle by experimental data. Then the test data was input to the simulation model for network training and verification. The results show that the method can estimate vehicle state successfully with small absolute error of side slip angle in vehicle handling dynamics. Results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimation approach and its potential benefit towards the implementation of adaptive driving assistance systems or to automatically adjust the parameters of onboard controllers as well as the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in the estimation of states and unknown inputs.
{"title":"Vehicle state estimation based on PSO-RBF neural network","authors":"Yingjie Liu, Qiuyun Sun, Dawei Cui","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2019.101307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101307","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years, many closed-loop control systems have been introduced in the automotive field to increase the level of safety and driving automation. For the integration of such systems, it is critical to estimate motion states and parameters of the vehicle that are not exactly known or that change over time. In order to estimate the motion states and parameters, a method based on PSO-RBF neural network is presented to solve problem of vehicle state estimation in vehicle handling dynamics. The basic idea behind the work was to identify several key parameters which affected the performance of vehicle by experimental data. Then the test data was input to the simulation model for network training and verification. The results show that the method can estimate vehicle state successfully with small absolute error of side slip angle in vehicle handling dynamics. Results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimation approach and its potential benefit towards the implementation of adaptive driving assistance systems or to automatically adjust the parameters of onboard controllers as well as the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in the estimation of states and unknown inputs.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVS.2019.101307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015414
N. Vineeth, H. Guruprasad
Multimedia data transmission, a prevalent and significant requirement in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) demands less end-to-end delay. The transmission of data in VANET scenarios is challenging as the vehicles are mostly on move resulting in dynamic topology. RaptorQ (RQ) codes help in error correction, where the redundant symbols sent along with the actual symbols help in correcting the errors encountered in the receiver(s), eliminating the requirement of retransmission. In this work, the reduction of end-to-end delay of the video data transmitted in VANETs is achieved with the usage of RaptorQ codes, while encoding in the transmitter and decoding in the receiver. Multithreading is introduced in both the ends to further reduce the delay incurred. The various scenarios exhibiting all possible combinations of single or multiple hops, single transmission or multiple transmission are observed and the results showing the influence of RQ encoder and decoder in reducing the end-to-end delay are presented.
{"title":"Reduction of end-to-end delay using threaded RaptorQ codes in VANETs","authors":"N. Vineeth, H. Guruprasad","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015414","url":null,"abstract":"Multimedia data transmission, a prevalent and significant requirement in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) demands less end-to-end delay. The transmission of data in VANET scenarios is challenging as the vehicles are mostly on move resulting in dynamic topology. RaptorQ (RQ) codes help in error correction, where the redundant symbols sent along with the actual symbols help in correcting the errors encountered in the receiver(s), eliminating the requirement of retransmission. In this work, the reduction of end-to-end delay of the video data transmitted in VANETs is achieved with the usage of RaptorQ codes, while encoding in the transmitter and decoding in the receiver. Multithreading is introduced in both the ends to further reduce the delay incurred. The various scenarios exhibiting all possible combinations of single or multiple hops, single transmission or multiple transmission are observed and the results showing the influence of RQ encoder and decoder in reducing the end-to-end delay are presented.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015416
Ahmet Apak
The European Union Parliament introduced the legislation EU-2015/758 which includes the obligation of emergency call system equipped vehicles in the European countries with the starting date of 31 March 2018. After the regulation is started to be applied, new system updates and modifications in the vehicle systems are released. Emergency call (eCall) system can be applied to the vehicle structures with different types such as manual eCall device, automatic eCall device including control unit and/or measurement unit. When manual eCall device is triggered manually, automatic eCall device is activated automatically when an accident occurs. In this point of view, emergency call structure in the vehicle system is defined with its robust working principles including boundary diagram, P-diagram, and verification methods which enable the system to work properly.
{"title":"Emergency call system definition via robustness structure in vehicle applications","authors":"Ahmet Apak","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015416","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union Parliament introduced the legislation EU-2015/758 which includes the obligation of emergency call system equipped vehicles in the European countries with the starting date of 31 March 2018. After the regulation is started to be applied, new system updates and modifications in the vehicle systems are released. Emergency call (eCall) system can be applied to the vehicle structures with different types such as manual eCall device, automatic eCall device including control unit and/or measurement unit. When manual eCall device is triggered manually, automatic eCall device is activated automatically when an accident occurs. In this point of view, emergency call structure in the vehicle system is defined with its robust working principles including boundary diagram, P-diagram, and verification methods which enable the system to work properly.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43762404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015413
F. Ahmad, S. Mazlan, K. Hudha, Hishammudin Jamaluddin, H. Zamzuri
This paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy fractional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The controller which is based on the conventional PID controller is modified to be P1–α I1–β D1–γ with the objective to make the controller more flexible and robust to the changes in input and the parameters. In this control structure, the fuzzy logic control acts as the tuner for the parameters α, β and γ, so that the overall controller parameter can be varied and converge better to the changes in a system. The designed fuzzy fractional PID controller is applied to a validated antilock braking system model using an electronic wedge brake system as the actuator. Numerous numerical simulations and comparisons with other fractional PID/conventional PID controllers show that the fuzzy fractional PID controller can not only ensure good control performance with respect to reference input but also improve the system robustness with respect to model uncertainties.
{"title":"Fuzzy fractional PID gain controller for antilock braking system using an electronic wedge brake mechanism","authors":"F. Ahmad, S. Mazlan, K. Hudha, Hishammudin Jamaluddin, H. Zamzuri","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the design of a fuzzy fractional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The controller which is based on the conventional PID controller is modified to be P1–α I1–β D1–γ with the objective to make the controller more flexible and robust to the changes in input and the parameters. In this control structure, the fuzzy logic control acts as the tuner for the parameters α, β and γ, so that the overall controller parameter can be varied and converge better to the changes in a system. The designed fuzzy fractional PID controller is applied to a validated antilock braking system model using an electronic wedge brake system as the actuator. Numerous numerical simulations and comparisons with other fractional PID/conventional PID controllers show that the fuzzy fractional PID controller can not only ensure good control performance with respect to reference input but also improve the system robustness with respect to model uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46328853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015415
Miguel Angel Galarza, J. Paradells
The increasing amount of infotainment services available in vehicles makes it necessary to devise a system capable of managing how information should be delivered and accessed in accordance with the driving complexity scenario. The objective of this study is to provide a useful model for categorising driving scenarios in terms of their complexity. For this purpose, data collected from driving tests are analysed employing data mining techniques and machine learning methods for finding the more influential variables of driving complexity. The input variables used are associated with primary driving tasks and road characteristics available in current vehicles. As a result, the most relevant variables that enable the categorisation of the driving scenario are identified and a model capable of predicting driving complexity in real time is constructed. Given the model accuracy obtained, a practical application could be the adaptation of Human Machine Interfaces (HMI).
{"title":"Categorisation of driving scenario complexity based on primary driving tasks and road characteristics","authors":"Miguel Angel Galarza, J. Paradells","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015415","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing amount of infotainment services available in vehicles makes it necessary to devise a system capable of managing how information should be delivered and accessed in accordance with the driving complexity scenario. The objective of this study is to provide a useful model for categorising driving scenarios in terms of their complexity. For this purpose, data collected from driving tests are analysed employing data mining techniques and machine learning methods for finding the more influential variables of driving complexity. The input variables used are associated with primary driving tasks and road characteristics available in current vehicles. As a result, the most relevant variables that enable the categorisation of the driving scenario are identified and a model capable of predicting driving complexity in real time is constructed. Given the model accuracy obtained, a practical application could be the adaptation of Human Machine Interfaces (HMI).","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45957034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015417
F. Djamaluddin
Crush analysis of bitubal cylindrical tubes under different impact angles (0°, 10°, 20°, 30°) is described in this paper. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine numerical solution of double cylindrical tubes. Moreover, mass block as impactor impacted the structure in longitudinal direction of the tubes. With variations of load angle and dimensions of tube, a model of structure was developed by non-linear FEA software. The parameters such as the peak cruising force (PCF), energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA) are the outcomes of this study, thus it can be expected that this tube is the great energy absorber.
{"title":"Finite element analysis of the foam-filled bitubal circular tube under multi-impact loading","authors":"F. Djamaluddin","doi":"10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2018.10015417","url":null,"abstract":"Crush analysis of bitubal cylindrical tubes under different impact angles (0°, 10°, 20°, 30°) is described in this paper. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine numerical solution of double cylindrical tubes. Moreover, mass block as impactor impacted the structure in longitudinal direction of the tubes. With variations of load angle and dimensions of tube, a model of structure was developed by non-linear FEA software. The parameters such as the peak cruising force (PCF), energy absorption (EA) and specific energy absorption (SEA) are the outcomes of this study, thus it can be expected that this tube is the great energy absorber.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44467940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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