In order to simulate the injury of rear children occupants in the frontal impact, a previously validated six-year-old child Finite Element (FE) model was used to load ECE R44 testing conditions. Through the resultant head acceleration, pressure, brain tissue Von Mises stress, brain tissue shear stress, shear force and axial force of neck, compression of chest and abdomen to compare the protective effects of the six-year-old rear seat occupant on forward-facing child seat restraint system and booster in different collision speeds. The results indicate that: when the collision speed is low, there is little difference of the child FE model's injury criteria in the two restraint systems, while the protective effect of child seat restraint system to the children is better than booster with the increase of the collision speed.
{"title":"Analysis of protective effects on different restraint systems of the six-year-old child occupants","authors":"Haiyan Li, Jian Li, Shijie Ruan, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Wenle Lv","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10039020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10039020","url":null,"abstract":"In order to simulate the injury of rear children occupants in the frontal impact, a previously validated six-year-old child Finite Element (FE) model was used to load ECE R44 testing conditions. Through the resultant head acceleration, pressure, brain tissue Von Mises stress, brain tissue shear stress, shear force and axial force of neck, compression of chest and abdomen to compare the protective effects of the six-year-old rear seat occupant on forward-facing child seat restraint system and booster in different collision speeds. The results indicate that: when the collision speed is low, there is little difference of the child FE model's injury criteria in the two restraint systems, while the protective effect of child seat restraint system to the children is better than booster with the increase of the collision speed.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49068537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.115923
Neena M. Joseph, M. Harikrishna, M. Anjaneyulu
Road safety is an important aspect of road transportation. Safety evaluation of highways helps engineers in prioritising them for safety improvement and for evaluating the effectiveness of the improvement measures. Crash prediction models are very useful for evaluating the safety levels of highway elements. Many studies reported the effect of geometry and traffic factors on safety at simple (single) horizontal curves. But the situation becomes more complex when multiple horizontal curves occur. The Highway Safety Manual also does not provide a safety performance function on multiple horizontal curves. Hence, this study aims to quantify the influence of geometric characteristics of the preceding curve on crashes and develop models for evaluation of the safety performance of multiple horizontal curves on two-lane non-urban roads. The data required for this study include crash, geometric, and traffic data from 102 multiple horizontal curves.
{"title":"Safety evaluation of multiple horizontal curves using statistical models","authors":"Neena M. Joseph, M. Harikrishna, M. Anjaneyulu","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.115923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.115923","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety is an important aspect of road transportation. Safety evaluation of highways helps engineers in prioritising them for safety improvement and for evaluating the effectiveness of the improvement measures. Crash prediction models are very useful for evaluating the safety levels of highway elements. Many studies reported the effect of geometry and traffic factors on safety at simple (single) horizontal curves. But the situation becomes more complex when multiple horizontal curves occur. The Highway Safety Manual also does not provide a safety performance function on multiple horizontal curves. Hence, this study aims to quantify the influence of geometric characteristics of the preceding curve on crashes and develop models for evaluation of the safety performance of multiple horizontal curves on two-lane non-urban roads. The data required for this study include crash, geometric, and traffic data from 102 multiple horizontal curves.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.115890
Hamed Joodaki, B. Gepner, Maika Katagiri, J. Kerrigan
The goal of this study was to assess the behaviour of an obese Human Body Model (HBM) in frontal sled tests. The results of rear-seat sled tests with an obese (BMI = 35) Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) were used to evaluate the performance of the obese HBM in matching conditions. Also, the responses of a non-obese HBM (BMI = 25) and the obese HBM were compared in a front-seat frontal impact test. In the rear-seat tests, both the obese HBM and the obese PMHS experienced a large forward excursion, delayed lap belt engagement with the pelvis, and a reclined-to-upright torso angle throughout the tests, which were the effects of large body mass and thick flesh. In the front-seat simulations, the obese HBM experienced a larger excursion than the non-obese HBM. The obese HBM can be a useful tool to design and optimise restraint system for front-seat occupants with obesity.
{"title":"Evaluation of behaviour of an obese human body model in frontal sled tests","authors":"Hamed Joodaki, B. Gepner, Maika Katagiri, J. Kerrigan","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.115890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.115890","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to assess the behaviour of an obese Human Body Model (HBM) in frontal sled tests. The results of rear-seat sled tests with an obese (BMI = 35) Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) were used to evaluate the performance of the obese HBM in matching conditions. Also, the responses of a non-obese HBM (BMI = 25) and the obese HBM were compared in a front-seat frontal impact test. In the rear-seat tests, both the obese HBM and the obese PMHS experienced a large forward excursion, delayed lap belt engagement with the pelvis, and a reclined-to-upright torso angle throughout the tests, which were the effects of large body mass and thick flesh. In the front-seat simulations, the obese HBM experienced a larger excursion than the non-obese HBM. The obese HBM can be a useful tool to design and optimise restraint system for front-seat occupants with obesity.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For studying the pelvic injury mechanism and the difference among different age groups in the car crash, elderly pelvic model was developed and validated in this paper. The elderly pelvis model was compared with the young people's pelvis model and the children's pelvis model. The results show that the physiological and geometric size of pelvic model of elderly is similar to that of young people, but both of them are quite different from the children's. Compared with the other two models, the elderly pelvic model has the strongest response of peak force and Dforce (deflection at maximum force), but the weakest response of maximum deflection under different impact velocities from 4 m/s to 15 m/s. The peak force and Dmax increased exponentially and linearly with the impact energy in all three models, respectively. The most vulnerable parts of the injury were the ischio-pubic rami, iliac-sacral junction and acetabulum area.
{"title":"The validation of the elderly pelvic FE model and comparison with the pelvis models of children and adults","authors":"Hequan Wu, Xiaoshun Deng, Xiaoyan Qian, Xuehui Zhan","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10039031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10039031","url":null,"abstract":"For studying the pelvic injury mechanism and the difference among different age groups in the car crash, elderly pelvic model was developed and validated in this paper. The elderly pelvis model was compared with the young people's pelvis model and the children's pelvis model. The results show that the physiological and geometric size of pelvic model of elderly is similar to that of young people, but both of them are quite different from the children's. Compared with the other two models, the elderly pelvic model has the strongest response of peak force and Dforce (deflection at maximum force), but the weakest response of maximum deflection under different impact velocities from 4 m/s to 15 m/s. The peak force and Dmax increased exponentially and linearly with the impact energy in all three models, respectively. The most vulnerable parts of the injury were the ischio-pubic rami, iliac-sacral junction and acetabulum area.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44537419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045632
G. Mahesha, Vishwas Prabhakar, Rahul Gajula
{"title":"Energy absorbers in automobile bumper system for pedestrian safety and low-speed impact: a review","authors":"G. Mahesha, Vishwas Prabhakar, Rahul Gajula","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045643
Shijie Ruan, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Wenle Lv, Kun Li, Haiyan Li
{"title":"Analysis of the effects of vehicle model and speed on the head injury of six-year-old pedestrian","authors":"Shijie Ruan, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Wenle Lv, Kun Li, Haiyan Li","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66694349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045634
M. Haghpanahi, A. P. Pasha Zanoosi, A. Ebrahimi
{"title":"Investigating sensitivity of occupant injury to seat parameters in spacecraft landing using multi-body dynamics approach","authors":"M. Haghpanahi, A. P. Pasha Zanoosi, A. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045633
Binhui Jiang, C. Chou, F. Zhu, Chao Gong, Zhonghao Bai, Xupan Fu
{"title":"Progressive damage modelling in carbon fibre-reinforced materials under various loading conditions: a comparison study","authors":"Binhui Jiang, C. Chou, F. Zhu, Chao Gong, Zhonghao Bai, Xupan Fu","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：