Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045630
M. Motamedzade, Younes Mohammadi, M. Arefi, A. Pauzié, F. Rostami, M. Babamiri
{"title":"Assessment of bus driver's mental workload by Persian Driving Activity Load Index","authors":"M. Motamedzade, Younes Mohammadi, M. Arefi, A. Pauzié, F. Rostami, M. Babamiri","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045636
Jingwen Hu, S. Koh
{"title":"Occupant kinematics in a high speed vehicle-to-vehicle rear-end collision","authors":"Jingwen Hu, S. Koh","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2021.10045636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66693860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033779
Shen Ruihong, Lan Fengchong, Xiao Lingyun, Chen Jiqing
In order to accurately determine the collision relationship of each vehicle in complex traffic accidents, combined with the scene trace and accident simulation, an accident reconstruction method is proposed. The method examines the accident scene and the accident vehicle which can forecast the accident process in advance and determines the approximate vehicle collision speed by the dynamics method. Then, based on the pre-determination, the PC-Crash software is used for accident reconstruction to more accurately determine the accident scenario and the vehicle collision parameter. This method was used in a four-car serial collision on a rainy highway. The collision information of the accident cars was read using Bosch's data reading tool Crash Data Retrieval (CDR). The results showed that the method can accurately reconstruct complex traffic accidents and provide an effective solution for determining the collision relationship of vehicles and the responsibility for traffic accidents.
为了准确确定复杂交通事故中各车辆的碰撞关系，将现场跟踪和事故仿真相结合，提出了一种事故重建方法。该方法对事故现场和事故车辆进行检测，可以提前预测事故过程，并通过动力学方法确定车辆的近似碰撞速度。然后，在预判定的基础上，利用PC-Crash软件进行事故重构，更准确地确定事故场景和车辆碰撞参数。该方法用于在雨天高速公路上的四车连环碰撞。使用博世的数据读取工具Crash data Retrieval (CDR)读取事故车辆的碰撞信息。结果表明，该方法能够准确地重构复杂交通事故，为确定车辆碰撞关系和交通事故责任提供了有效的解决方案。
{"title":"Numerical reconstruction for a multi-car collision dynamics","authors":"Shen Ruihong, Lan Fengchong, Xiao Lingyun, Chen Jiqing","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033779","url":null,"abstract":"In order to accurately determine the collision relationship of each vehicle in complex traffic accidents, combined with the scene trace and accident simulation, an accident reconstruction method is proposed. The method examines the accident scene and the accident vehicle which can forecast the accident process in advance and determines the approximate vehicle collision speed by the dynamics method. Then, based on the pre-determination, the PC-Crash software is used for accident reconstruction to more accurately determine the accident scenario and the vehicle collision parameter. This method was used in a four-car serial collision on a rainy highway. The collision information of the accident cars was read using Bosch's data reading tool Crash Data Retrieval (CDR). The results showed that the method can accurately reconstruct complex traffic accidents and provide an effective solution for determining the collision relationship of vehicles and the responsibility for traffic accidents.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033782
Jiqing Chen, Cheng Renjie, F. Lan, Yunjao Zhou
According to the statistics, lower limb injuries are the second most frequent region of traffic injuries. For the in-depth study of the biomechanical response and injury mechanism of pedestrian lower limb, the pedestrian lower limb biomechanical Finite Element (FE) model with high biological fidelity was developed and verified. By applying the proposed model, simulation studies were conducted to investigate pedestrian lower limb dynamic responses and injuries under different bumper foam filling structures and bumper collision heights during lateral impact. Simulation results demonstrated that filling the cushion foam between the bumper cover and the anti-collision beam can effectively reduce the injury index of pedestrian's lower limbs, and the trapezoidal foam structure gives better protection effect. In addition, appropriately lowering the bumper collision height can improve the car's friendliness to pedestrian's lower limbs.
{"title":"Analysis of lower limb injury mechanism of an average Chinese pedestrian lower limb FE model in lateral impact","authors":"Jiqing Chen, Cheng Renjie, F. Lan, Yunjao Zhou","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033782","url":null,"abstract":"According to the statistics, lower limb injuries are the second most frequent region of traffic injuries. For the in-depth study of the biomechanical response and injury mechanism of pedestrian lower limb, the pedestrian lower limb biomechanical Finite Element (FE) model with high biological fidelity was developed and verified. By applying the proposed model, simulation studies were conducted to investigate pedestrian lower limb dynamic responses and injuries under different bumper foam filling structures and bumper collision heights during lateral impact. Simulation results demonstrated that filling the cushion foam between the bumper cover and the anti-collision beam can effectively reduce the injury index of pedestrian's lower limbs, and the trapezoidal foam structure gives better protection effect. In addition, appropriately lowering the bumper collision height can improve the car's friendliness to pedestrian's lower limbs.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033785
Hequan Wu, Xiao-Qin Qian, Qifan Ren, Xuehui Zhan
In this paper, the Hybrid III FE head model is validated through dummy impact experiments firstly. Then, the CHARM-70 head model is developed, and the structure, head injury and dynamic mechanical response of the model are studied. Subsequently, the GHBMC head model is introduced to compare the dynamic mechanical response of the forehead to the steering wheel edge under the same speed with the Hybrid III and the CHARM-70. The result demonstrates that the CHARM-70 model has high biological fidelity. Meanwhile, due to different material properties, GHBMC model shows the best stiffness and force response, followed by CHARM-70 model, and finally Hybrid III model. Finally, the different setting of material parameters indicates a fine response to the decline rule of bone strength caused by human age, which is meaningful for the development of different age, body and other special population models in the future.
{"title":"Head injury of CHARM-70 FE model and a comparative study with Hybrid III and GHBMC model","authors":"Hequan Wu, Xiao-Qin Qian, Qifan Ren, Xuehui Zhan","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10033785","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Hybrid III FE head model is validated through dummy impact experiments firstly. Then, the CHARM-70 head model is developed, and the structure, head injury and dynamic mechanical response of the model are studied. Subsequently, the GHBMC head model is introduced to compare the dynamic mechanical response of the forehead to the steering wheel edge under the same speed with the Hybrid III and the CHARM-70. The result demonstrates that the CHARM-70 model has high biological fidelity. Meanwhile, due to different material properties, GHBMC model shows the best stiffness and force response, followed by CHARM-70 model, and finally Hybrid III model. Finally, the different setting of material parameters indicates a fine response to the decline rule of bone strength caused by human age, which is meaningful for the development of different age, body and other special population models in the future.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45891051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031700
Zhixin Liu, Ma Weijie, L. Lou, Wei-Dong Liu
With the promotion of collision safety technical regulations, the vehicle safety technology has achieved a leap-forward development, and the occupants have been well protected in various collision conditions. However, the statistical data indicate that serious accidental casualties are still present in frontal collision traffic accidents with small overlap ratios. One of the main reasons is that vehicles in the small overlap collisions did not have the energy absorption effect of the longitudinal beams and body structure, causing serious deformation of the passenger compartment and injuries to the occupants. In this paper, the characteristics of small overlap accidents were analysed based on the China traffic accident database. Then, actual vehicle crash tests were carried out by adopting three typical small overlap crash test methods (vehicle-to-vehicle test method, IIHS test method and NHTSA test method), and in-depth analysis was conducted on the vehicle kinematics, collision strength (vehicle body acceleration and vehicle pulse index), occupant injuries, and vehicle body deformation in the crash tests. The results show that although the incidence of small overlap crash is low, the ratio of AIS3+ injury is very high, and the NTHSA test method is more similar to the vehicle-to-vehicle test than the IIHS test method.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of three typical crash tests results based on small overlap frontal collision accidents","authors":"Zhixin Liu, Ma Weijie, L. Lou, Wei-Dong Liu","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031700","url":null,"abstract":"With the promotion of collision safety technical regulations, the vehicle safety technology has achieved a leap-forward development, and the occupants have been well protected in various collision conditions. However, the statistical data indicate that serious accidental casualties are still present in frontal collision traffic accidents with small overlap ratios. One of the main reasons is that vehicles in the small overlap collisions did not have the energy absorption effect of the longitudinal beams and body structure, causing serious deformation of the passenger compartment and injuries to the occupants. In this paper, the characteristics of small overlap accidents were analysed based on the China traffic accident database. Then, actual vehicle crash tests were carried out by adopting three typical small overlap crash test methods (vehicle-to-vehicle test method, IIHS test method and NHTSA test method), and in-depth analysis was conducted on the vehicle kinematics, collision strength (vehicle body acceleration and vehicle pulse index), occupant injuries, and vehicle body deformation in the crash tests. The results show that although the incidence of small overlap crash is low, the ratio of AIS3+ injury is very high, and the NTHSA test method is more similar to the vehicle-to-vehicle test than the IIHS test method.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42092839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031697
Zhixin Yu, Jie Li, F. Dai, Shaosong Li, Xinxin Cheng
This paper studies the problem of liquid tank stability control on account of the interaction between liquid sloshing and vehicle in emergency obstacle or turning. The dynamic fluid sloshing model within the tank is modelled using governing equations with potential flow theory, combined with the rigid model of semi-trailer; the liquid sloshing model is integrated into the vehicle model. We compare the stability influence of tank with the same mass of liquid cargo and solid cargo in fishhook. With this unsteady state factor, we designed the optimal control strategy and co-simulation in Matlab/Simulink and TruckSim. Simulation results show that the proposed control approach is effective in rollover prevention of liquid tank under transverse excitation.
{"title":"Stability optimal control for liquid tank under transverse excitation","authors":"Zhixin Yu, Jie Li, F. Dai, Shaosong Li, Xinxin Cheng","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031697","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the problem of liquid tank stability control on account of the interaction between liquid sloshing and vehicle in emergency obstacle or turning. The dynamic fluid sloshing model within the tank is modelled using governing equations with potential flow theory, combined with the rigid model of semi-trailer; the liquid sloshing model is integrated into the vehicle model. We compare the stability influence of tank with the same mass of liquid cargo and solid cargo in fishhook. With this unsteady state factor, we designed the optimal control strategy and co-simulation in Matlab/Simulink and TruckSim. Simulation results show that the proposed control approach is effective in rollover prevention of liquid tank under transverse excitation.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031696
Bei Li, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Shijie Ruan
A previously developed and validated 6-year-old (6YO) Finite Element (FE) human head model was used to evaluate the biomechanical performance of a new bicycle helmet design for children. The cushion structure of the new helmet design is made of honeycomb paperboard and corrugated paperboard instead of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam. Simulation results showed that the EPS foam helmet can effectively resist external shocks in a short period. However, based on biomechanical responses of the 6YO head model, honeycomb and corrugated paperboard helmets also had a promising cushioning performance. From the drop test of the head-helmet model simulations, the effects of paperboard thickness and material parameters on the helmet protection efficiency were further investigated. It was concluded that the EPS foam helmet can be replaced with honeycomb/corrugated paperboard helmets which are made of more environmental friendly manufacturing materials.
{"title":"Biomechanical performance of a bicycle helmet design on a six-year-old head impact protection","authors":"Bei Li, Haiyan Li, Shihai Cui, Lijuan He, Shijie Ruan","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031696","url":null,"abstract":"A previously developed and validated 6-year-old (6YO) Finite Element (FE) human head model was used to evaluate the biomechanical performance of a new bicycle helmet design for children. The cushion structure of the new helmet design is made of honeycomb paperboard and corrugated paperboard instead of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam. Simulation results showed that the EPS foam helmet can effectively resist external shocks in a short period. However, based on biomechanical responses of the 6YO head model, honeycomb and corrugated paperboard helmets also had a promising cushioning performance. From the drop test of the head-helmet model simulations, the effects of paperboard thickness and material parameters on the helmet protection efficiency were further investigated. It was concluded that the EPS foam helmet can be replaced with honeycomb/corrugated paperboard helmets which are made of more environmental friendly manufacturing materials.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48644372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031698
A. Tamura, King H. Yang
Backover collisions causing Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are underreported, and its severity may have been overlooked and underestimated. We conducted a series of pedestrian impact simulations involving backover collisions with a reversing vehicle, at a low speed of 10 km/h, to determine the risk of sustaining severe TBIs. Our modelling studies revealed a significant risk despite the 'moderate' impact configuration applied. By systematically performing injury analyses based on selected mechanical parameters, we found that TBI risk involved in primary head strike with a striking vehicle was almost negligible because of the low-speed collision, but significant injuries result from ground impact. Our study also demonstrated that pedestrians are potentially at a greater risk for TBI when struck by a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) than a conventional sedan, because the impact energy would be effectively transmitted from the SUV via its flat rear surface with a steep angle.
{"title":"Modelling traumatic brain injury in pedestrian involved in backover collisions","authors":"A. Tamura, King H. Yang","doi":"10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvs.2020.10031698","url":null,"abstract":"Backover collisions causing Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are underreported, and its severity may have been overlooked and underestimated. We conducted a series of pedestrian impact simulations involving backover collisions with a reversing vehicle, at a low speed of 10 km/h, to determine the risk of sustaining severe TBIs. Our modelling studies revealed a significant risk despite the 'moderate' impact configuration applied. By systematically performing injury analyses based on selected mechanical parameters, we found that TBI risk involved in primary head strike with a striking vehicle was almost negligible because of the low-speed collision, but significant injuries result from ground impact. Our study also demonstrated that pedestrians are potentially at a greater risk for TBI when struck by a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) than a conventional sedan, because the impact energy would be effectively transmitted from the SUV via its flat rear surface with a steep angle.","PeriodicalId":35143,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47123434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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