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The Security Dilemma and India–China Relations 安全困境与印中关系
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2019.1539818
S. Raghavan
ABSTRACT This article examines whether the concept of a security dilemma is useful in understanding the trajectory of India–China relations over the past seven decades. It considers several phases through which this relationship has passed and it argues that the security dilemma has never been at work. The relationship is characterized not by a security dilemma but by fundamental conflicts of interests. These have been exacerbated or ameliorated by changes in domestic politics and the wider strategic context. Going forward, too, these factors are likely to influence relationship.
本文探讨了安全困境的概念是否有助于理解过去70年来印中关系的发展轨迹。它考虑了这种关系所经历的几个阶段,并认为安全困境从未出现过。这种关系的特点不是安全困境,而是根本的利益冲突。国内政治和更广泛战略背景的变化加剧或缓解了这些问题。展望未来,这些因素也可能影响关系。
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引用次数: 9
China-India Rivalry at Sea: Capability, trends and challenges 中印海上竞争:能力、趋势和挑战
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2019.1539820
K. S. L. Collin
ABSTRACT The Sino-Indian rivalry features an increasingly prominent maritime dimension amidst the countries’ naval buildups and deployments in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and Western Pacific. This study finds that the patterns of naval buildup and nature of the seas as an ambiguous, international medium do not necessarily shape mutual perceptions between China and India as pure security seekers. India’s concerns about China’s IOR forays revolve around its expanding bluewater naval capabilities, especially submarines, and port access. Beijing is wary of New Delhi’s reach into the Western Pacific and role within a perceived US-led containment scheme that allows it to leverage on partners’ bluewater assets. While war remains a remote prospect, this Sino-Indian rivalry at sea – extending from unresolved terrestrial political problems – looks set to persist.
随着两国在印度洋地区和西太平洋地区的海军建设和部署,中印竞争的海上维度日益突出。这项研究发现,海军建设的模式和海洋的性质作为一个模糊的国际媒介,并不一定会塑造中印作为纯粹的安全寻求者之间的相互看法。印度对中国印度洋突袭的担忧围绕着中国不断扩大的蓝水海军能力,尤其是潜艇和港口使用权。北京方面对新德里进入西太平洋以及在美国主导的遏制计划中扮演的角色保持警惕,该计划使中国能够利用合作伙伴的蓝水资产。尽管战争仍是遥远的前景,但中印在海上的竞争——从尚未解决的陆地政治问题延伸开来——似乎将持续下去。
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引用次数: 11
Closing the Capability Gap: ASEAN Military Modernization during the Dawn of Autonomous Weapon Systems 缩小能力差距:自主武器系统曙光中的东盟军事现代化
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2018.1516639
Austin Wyatt, Jai C. Galliott
ABSTRACT The procurement of autonomous weapon systems is on the rise in Southeast Asia, where, as in other parts of the world, interest in the military applications of unmanned systems is outpacing fractured international regulation efforts. This article analyzes the diffusion of drone technology in Southeast Asia and argues that we are at an inflection point, representing an opportunity for The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to control the diffusion of unmanned platforms and take a leadership role in developing a regionally appropriate framework for their development. Moreover, it contends that with a regional framework in place to reduce tensions/misadventure, unmanned aerial and maritime vehicles (UAVs & UMVs) could improve ASEAN’s ability to respond to traditional and non-traditional security threats, and thus increase regional security.
在东南亚,自主武器系统的采购呈上升趋势,与世界其他地区一样,对无人系统军事应用的兴趣超过了支离破碎的国际监管努力。本文分析了无人机技术在东南亚的扩散,并认为我们正处于一个拐点,这对东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN)来说是一个机会,它可以控制无人平台的扩散,并在制定适合该地区的无人机发展框架方面发挥领导作用。此外,它认为,有了一个区域框架来减少紧张局势/不幸事件,无人驾驶飞机和海上交通工具(uav & umv)可以提高东盟应对传统和非传统安全威胁的能力,从而增加地区安全。
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引用次数: 6
Jihad in the Bastion of “Moderation”: Understanding the Threat of ISIS in Malaysia “温和”堡垒中的圣战:理解ISIS在马来西亚的威胁
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2018.1470508
M. Osman, A. Arosoaie
ABSTRACT Malaysia has long been hailed as a beacon of moderate Islam. Yet, at present, there is considerable support for ISIS amongst Malaysians, and it represents a unique articulation of contemporary violent Islamist extremism. Malaysians who joined ISIS in Syria and its supporters at home are characterized by a sense of Islamic righteousness. Also, they share distinctive features that differentiate them from the old jihadi generation: a diverse occupational background, the lack of either formal or informal religious training, and the growing nexus of criminality-radicalization. Malaysian support for ISIS can be historically and politically contextualized in relation to the Islamization race between the main political parties, the presence of Salafi-jihadi discourse and ISIS’s discursive construction of authentic Islam.
马来西亚一直被誉为温和伊斯兰教的灯塔。然而,目前马来西亚人对ISIS有相当大的支持,它代表了当代暴力伊斯兰极端主义的一种独特表达方式。在叙利亚加入ISIS及其国内支持者的马来西亚人都有一种伊斯兰正义感。此外,他们也有一些与老一代圣战分子不同的特点:多样化的职业背景,缺乏正式或非正式的宗教训练,以及日益增长的犯罪-激进化联系。马来西亚对ISIS的支持可以在历史和政治背景下与主要政党之间的伊斯兰化竞赛、萨拉菲圣战话语的存在以及ISIS对真正伊斯兰教的话语建构有关。
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引用次数: 16
Dancing with the Wolf: Securitizing China–Taiwan Trade in the ECFA Debate and Beyond 与狼共舞:ECFA辩论中大陆与台湾贸易的证券化及以后
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2018.1437145
Christina Lai
ABSTRACT Since Ma Ying-Jeou assumed presidency in 2008, he promoted an Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) and Taiwan’s political rapprochement with China. However, the opposition party soon proposed a counter argument, claiming this agreement might produce severe negative consequences for Taiwan’s economy and sovereignty. This study presents a securitization framework to highlight both the KMT and DPP strategy in contesting the nature of ECFA despite the potential inflation of benefit. It investigates both the KMT and DPP securitization strategies under Taiwan’s political and economic contexts. A de-securitizing discourse, though might have been a convincing counterargument against ECFA, was underdeveloped by the DPP members. It also shows how the debate shapes the discourse in the Sunflower Student Movements in 2014, and led to the DPP’s subsequent change of securitization strategy.
自2008年马英九当选总统以来,他推动了两岸经济合作框架协议(ECFA)和台湾与中国大陆的政治和解。然而,反对党很快提出反驳,称该协议可能对台湾的经济和主权产生严重的负面影响。
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引用次数: 3
Making Jihadis, Waging Jihad: Transnational and Local Dimensions of the ISIS Phenomenon in Indonesia and Malaysia 制造圣战,发动圣战:印尼和马来西亚ISIS现象的跨国和本土维度
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2018.1424710
Kirsten E. Schulze, J. Liow
ABSTRACT This article examines the ISIS phenomenon in Indonesia and Malaysia. It aims to explain how, where, and why the transnational and local intersect as well as the role of religion, particularly in the ideological narratives and recruitment strategies of local jihadi groups. At the heart of this analysis is the question to what extent Indonesians and Malaysians were lured into joining ISIS as a result of its "universal" ideology and global recruitment strategy or whether they were instead propelled by local Indonesian and Malaysian dynamics into Syria and into "importing" and "indigenising" ISIS to advance their own agendas. The article argues that the potency and appeal of the extremist narrative of ISIS derives from how it animates and feeds off prevailing debates within Indonesia and Malaysia. These debates revolve around issues such as the nature of Muslim identity and what it means to be a "good Muslim", the place of Islamic law in society, relations within the ummah as well as with non-Muslims, and Islamic eschatology. While there is clearly a transnational dimension, the motivations for Southeast Asians to sympathize with or join the Syrian jihad and their engagement with ISIS are ultimately the product of local Indonesian and Malaysian dynamics rather than the "lure" of ISIS per se. This article thus contributes to the broader scholarly debate on how "global" the global jihad actually is and the phenomenon of "glocalisation".
本文考察了印度尼西亚和马来西亚的ISIS现象。它的目的是解释如何,在哪里,以及为什么跨国和本地交叉以及宗教的作用,特别是在意识形态叙事和当地圣战组织的招募策略。这一分析的核心问题是,印尼人和马来西亚人在多大程度上是受ISIS“普世”意识形态和全球招募战略的引诱而加入ISIS的,还是受到印尼和马来西亚当地势力的推动,进入叙利亚,“进口”和“本土化”ISIS,以推进自己的议程。这篇文章认为,ISIS极端主义叙事的力量和吸引力来自于它如何激发并助长了印尼和马来西亚国内的主流辩论。这些辩论围绕着诸如穆斯林身份的本质和成为“好穆斯林”的意义、伊斯兰法律在社会中的地位、穆斯林内部以及与非穆斯林的关系以及伊斯兰末世论等问题展开。虽然有明显的跨国因素,但东南亚人同情或加入叙利亚圣战以及与ISIS接触的动机,最终是印尼和马来西亚当地动力的产物,而不是ISIS本身的“诱惑”。因此,这篇文章有助于更广泛的学术辩论,即全球圣战实际上是如何“全球化”的,以及“全球化”现象。
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引用次数: 22
Career Paths in the PLA Rocket Force: What They Tell Us 中国人民解放军火箭军的职业道路:他们告诉我们的
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-25 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1422089
David C. Logan
ABSTRACT This article applies a form of organizational analysis to the military institution responsible for China’s nuclear weapons, the PLA Rocket Force and its predecessor, the Second Artillery. Analyzing the ways in which this military institution manages and allocates its human capital can offer potential insights into both China’s operational practices and the institutional and strategic priorities of the country’s missile forces. Specifically, the article examines career paths of PLA officers in the Rocket Force, with a particular focus on those officers who eventually rise to the ranks of senior leadership. The analysis yields evidence that senior leaders are more likely to have served in the Rocket Force’s premier conventionally-armed missile base, that there is an informal institutional hierarchy among the missile bases, and that, at least at the personnel level, there is some separation between conventional and nuclear units. These findings have important implications for assessing potential escalation dynamics in a possible conflict between China and the United States and for forecasting the future development of China’s missile forces.
本文对负责中国核武器的军事机构——中国人民解放军火箭军及其前身——第二炮兵进行了组织分析。分析这个军事机构管理和分配其人力资本的方式,可以为中国的作战实践以及该国导弹部队的制度和战略重点提供潜在的见解。具体来说,本文考察了火箭军军官的职业道路,特别关注那些最终晋升为高级领导阶层的军官。分析得出的证据表明,高级领导人更有可能在火箭军主要的常规武装导弹基地服役,导弹基地之间存在非正式的制度等级制度,而且,至少在人员层面上,常规部队和核部队之间存在一定的分离。这些发现对于评估中美之间可能发生的冲突的潜在升级动态以及预测中国导弹部队的未来发展具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 4
What Money Can’t Buy: The Security Externalities of Chinese Economic Statecraft in Post-War Sri Lanka 金钱买不到什么:战后斯里兰卡中国经济策略的安全外部性
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1414045
Darren J. Lim, R. Mukherjee
ABSTRACT China’s growing trade, investment, and aid links are commonly believed to constitute a potent instrument of statecraft, generating important security externalities. Yet there is insufficient research tracing the precise mechanisms linking economic relationships between a “sender” and “target” state to actual influence in the security domain. We offer three contributions. First, we map out the theoretical mechanisms of influence in a sender–target relationship. Second, we empirically investigate these mechanisms through a case study of China’s economic influence in Sri Lanka since 2009. Third, we use our findings to generate new insights on the mechanisms of influence in the economic statecraft literature and the dynamics of great-power competition in South Asia. Beijing’s ability to convert its considerable economic resources into strategic influence in Sri Lanka is currently hampered by the poor planning and implementation of infrastructure projects, domestic politics, and Sri Lanka’s relationship with India, a regional competitor and rising power.
人们普遍认为,中国日益增长的贸易、投资和援助联系构成了一种强有力的治国手段,产生了重要的安全外部性。然而,对于将“发送国”和“目标国”之间的经济关系与安全领域的实际影响联系起来的确切机制,尚无足够的研究。我们提供三种贡献。首先,我们绘制了在发送者-目标关系中影响的理论机制。其次,本文以2009年以来中国对斯里兰卡的经济影响为例,对这些机制进行了实证研究。第三,我们利用我们的研究结果,对南亚经济治国方术文献中的影响机制和大国竞争动态产生新的见解。北京将其可观的经济资源转化为在斯里兰卡的战略影响力的能力目前受到基础设施项目规划和实施不力、国内政治以及斯里兰卡与地区竞争对手和崛起大国印度的关系的阻碍。
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引用次数: 24
Non-Traditional Security Dilemmas: Can Military Operations other than War Intensify Security Competition in Asia? 非传统安全困境:战争以外的军事行动会加剧亚洲的安全竞争吗?
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1414044
Erik Lin-Greenberg
ABSTRACT Can seemingly benign deployments of armed forces on military operations other than war (MOOTW) – such as humanitarian relief and anti-piracy missions – exacerbate security dilemmas? The security dilemma holds a central role in international relations theory, but existing analyses overlook whether non-traditional security operations drive security competition if perceived as threatening. Despite increased MOOTW participation throughout Asia, scant attention has been paid to the broader strategic implications of these operations. This article proposes a hypothesis in which MOOTW participation exacerbates security competition by revealing military capabilities and providing states with skills that make offensive action easier. The article tests this hypothesis by process tracing events surrounding Japan’s post-3/11 earthquake response. The findings suggest that MOOTW participation intensifies long-term security competition, especially when rising powers are involved.
看似良性的非战争军事行动(MOOTW)——如人道主义救援和反海盗任务——是否会加剧安全困境?安全困境在国际关系理论中占有核心地位,但现有的分析忽视了非传统安全行动是否会在被视为威胁的情况下推动安全竞争。尽管整个亚洲的非军事行动参与增加,但很少注意到这些行动的更广泛的战略影响。本文提出了一种假设,即参与非军事行动会暴露军事能力,并为各国提供使进攻行动更容易的技能,从而加剧安全竞争。本文通过追踪日本3/11地震后的反应过程来验证这一假设。研究结果表明,参与非军事行动会加剧长期的安全竞争,尤其是当新兴大国参与其中时。
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引用次数: 6
Be Careful What You Wish For: Security Challenges Facing the Korean Peninsula During a Potential Unification Process 小心你的愿望:朝鲜半岛在潜在的统一进程中面临的安全挑战
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2017.1414043
Mason Richey, Ohn Daewon, Jangho Kim, Jae-Jeok Park
ABSTRACT There is a lacuna in the literature analyzing the mid-term (6-24 months) period after a DPRK contingency that results in the Pyongyang regime’s relatively sudden and unmanaged fall. This article helps fill that gap, particularly with respect to security issues that would challenge Korean unification efforts during such a period. Following an Introduction, Section I first makes the case for a DPRK contingency being the most plausible end to the Pyongyang regime. Assuming the scenarios from Section I, Section II addresses the question of what critical issues a unifying Korea will face over the mid-term, and how dealing with these challenges will condition the type of end-state that a unified Korea will embody. In particular we examine three challenges: (a) mid-term security provision related to potential weapons proliferation, cyber-security, organized criminality, and human security; (b) the foundations of institution-building through measures dealing with issues of transitional justice, disputed land title claims, and generating broad domestic stakeholder buy-in in a unifying Korea; (c) the disposition of Korea’s strategic alignment in a Northeast Asia that will have undergone a major alteration of the regional system. Section III concludes with policy recommendations concerning what efforts should be made now to prepare for the situations described in Sections I and II.
在分析朝鲜突发事件导致平壤政权相对突然和失控倒台后的中期(6-24个月)期间,文献中存在空白。本文有助于填补这一空白,特别是在安全问题方面,这些问题将在这一时期挑战朝鲜统一的努力。在引言之后,第一节首先阐述了朝鲜偶发事件是平壤政权最可能的终结。假设第一节的情景,第二节将讨论统一的朝鲜半岛在中期将面临哪些关键问题,以及如何应对这些挑战将影响统一的朝鲜半岛所体现的最终状态类型。我们特别研究了三个挑战:(a)与潜在武器扩散、网络安全、有组织犯罪和人类安全相关的中期安全规定;(b)通过处理过渡时期司法、有争议的土地所有权主张问题的措施,以及在统一的朝鲜产生广泛的国内利益相关者的支持,建立制度建设的基础;(c)韩国在东北亚的战略定位将发生重大的区域体系变化。第三节最后提出政策建议,说明现在应该作出哪些努力,为第一节和第二节所述的情况作好准备。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Asian Security
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