Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2023.2162720
The low risk of state-on-state conflict in Latin America and the Caribbean means that armed forces and defence investments remain limited, relative to the size of the region’s economies and populations. Lacklustre economic performance, an absence of major external security threats and persistently high rates of inflation have resulted in a constrained budgetary environment for defence, with 2022 funding at the same level as 2009 in real terms. Brazil remains the region’s foremost military power, with its most sophisticated domestic defence industry. It still has the largest defence budget in Latin America, though its share of regional spending fell from 57% in 2010 to 45% in 2022. Defence-industrial modernisation is being helped by technology offset terms associated with key defence programmes focused on air and maritime capabilities, such as the Gripen contract with Saab and the PROSUB submarine modernisation contract with French defence firm Naval Group. Brazil’s army is engaged in a plan to modernise its armoured forces. There are two sub-programmes, for wheeled and tracked vehicles. In July, initial contracts were awarded for the modernisation of nine EE-9 Cascavel M VII 6x6 armoured reconnaissance vehicles; the plan is to upgrade 98 by 2031. However, the plan to eventually acquire Centauro II vehicles for the 8x8 medium wheeled armoured combat vehicle project hit delays in December, when a court objected to the proposed deal for a total of 98. Argentina’s share of regional defence spending fell from 11% in 2015 to 5% in 2021 before increasing slightly to 7% in 2022. Hopes of recapitalising its combat air inventory faded at the end of the year, after suggestions that Buenos Aires was interested in the JF-17. The arrival of a new government in Colombia raised questions over the future of key procurement plans, notably the replacement of the country’s ageing Kfir combat aircraft fleet, though the programme was reactivated in September.
拉丁美洲和加勒比国与国之间冲突的风险较低，这意味着相对于该地区的经济和人口规模而言，武装部队和国防投资仍然有限。低迷的经济表现、缺乏重大的外部安全威胁和持续的高通货膨胀率导致国防预算环境受到限制，2022年的实际资金与2009年的水平相同。巴西仍然是该地区最重要的军事强国，拥有最先进的国内国防工业。尽管其在地区开支中的份额从2010年的57%下降到2022年的45%，但它仍然拥有拉丁美洲最大的国防预算。国防工业现代化正在得到技术补偿条款的帮助，这些条款与主要的国防项目有关，重点是空中和海上能力，例如与萨博公司签订的鹰狮合同和与法国国防公司海军集团签订的PROSUB潜艇现代化合同。巴西军队正在实施一项使其装甲部队现代化的计划。有两个次级方案，用于轮式和履带式车辆。在7月，授予了9辆EE-9 Cascavel M VII 6x6装甲侦察车现代化的初始合同;计划到2031年升级98座。然而，最终为8x8中型轮式装甲战车项目购买半人马座II车辆的计划在12月遭遇延迟，当时法院反对总共98辆的拟议交易。阿根廷在地区国防开支中的份额从2015年的11%下降到2021年的5%，然后在2022年略微增加到7%。在有迹象表明布宜诺斯艾利斯对JF-17感兴趣后，对其作战飞机库存进行资本重组的希望在年底消退。哥伦比亚新政府的到来引发了对关键采购计划未来的质疑，尤其是更换该国老化的Kfir战斗机机队，尽管该计划已于9月重新启动。
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Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2023.2162723
{"title":"List of abbreviations for data sections","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2023.2162723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2023.2162723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"2 1","pages":"498 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85372833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2023.2162724
{"title":"International comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnel","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2023.2162724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2023.2162724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"1 1","pages":"500 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82264763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2022.2022934
Lacklustre economic performance and the absence of major external security threats still continue to constrain regional defence budgets, while social challenges and internal security concerns have increased demands for government spending in other areas. Total defence funding in the region is in real terms at the same level as in 2009. The region’s defence budgets in 2021 remained stable at about 1% of GDP – a proportion smaller than in any other region.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2022.2022939
{"title":"International comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnel","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2022.2022939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2022.2022939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"59 1","pages":"521 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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