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Abuso Sexual Infantil por Representantes de la Iglesia Católica: El caso chileno 天主教会代表对儿童的性虐待:智利案例
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1315
Lorena Contreras Taibo, Francisco Maffioletti Celedón, Noemí Pereda Beltrán
This research aims to describe the characteristics of a group of 21 victims of sexual abuse by a representative of the Catholic Church in Chile. The characteristics of the sexual victimization and the perpetrator, the disclosure and notification, and the experience of other forms of victimization by non-clergy were evaluated. The results show that the abuses began at puberty, included behaviors with physical contact, were committed by men, mainly priests, and were revealed by the victims in adulthood, reported to the Church itself. Most victims also suffered maltreatment by their parents or primary caregivers and sexual abuse by other people, making them poly-victims and underscoring the seriousness of these cases.
本研究旨在描述智利天主教会代表性虐待的21名受害者的特点。评估了性侵害和施暴者的特征、披露和通知以及其他形式的非神职人员性侵害的经历。结果显示,性虐待始于青春期,包括身体接触行为,肇事者是男性,主要是牧师,受害者在成年后才向教会报告。大多数受害者还遭受父母或主要照顾者的虐待和其他人的性虐待,使他们成为多重受害者,并强调了这些案件的严重性。
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引用次数: 2
Salud mental, confinamiento y preocupación por el coronavirus: un estudio cualitativo 冠状病毒的心理健康、遏制和担忧:一项定性研究
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1333
Gabriela Vásquez, Ó. Urtecho-Osorto, Maitée Agüero-Flores, Miguel José Díaz Martínez, R. M. Paguada, M. A. Varela, Miguel Landa-Blanco, Yaraní Echenique
This qualitative study explores the meanings and experiences of COVID-19 concerns, confinement and its relationship to mental health. It included 20 semi-structured interviews to 10 men and 10 women. It was found that there´re people concerned about their own health and their loved ones´. This can trigger psychosomatic reactions and anxiety. Other people underestimate the graveness of COVID-19 because they don´t consider themselves vulnerable. To be recurrently exposed to media information is stressful, so some people avoid it. Economic concern is also relevant due to reduced access to labor market and the suspension or decrease of income. Some informants are experiencing alterations in their eating and sleeping habits. Even though confinement limits leisure events, the informants have engaged in individual and familiar recreational activities.
本定性研究探讨了COVID-19担忧的意义和经验,禁闭及其与心理健康的关系。它包括对10名男性和10名女性的20次半结构化访谈。调查发现,有些人关心自己和亲人的健康。这会引发心身反应和焦虑。其他人低估了COVID-19的严重性,因为他们不认为自己是脆弱的。经常接触媒体信息是有压力的,所以有些人会避免接触。由于进入劳动力市场的机会减少,收入暂停或减少,经济问题也与此相关。一些告密者正在经历饮食和睡眠习惯的改变。尽管监禁限制了休闲活动,但举报人从事了个人和熟悉的娱乐活动。
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引用次数: 18
A Exposição a Ambientes Abusivos e de Suporte e a Relação com a Empatia numa Amostra de Adolescentes Portugueses 葡萄牙青少年暴露于虐待和支持环境以及与移情的关系
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-29 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1245
Daniela Mariana Carvalho Martins, Alice Margarida Simões, Inês Carvalho Relva
A presente investigação tem como objetivos analisar a associação entre a exposição a ambientes abusivos/suporte e a empatia; explorar as diferenças entre a exposição a ambientes abusivos/suporte e empatia em função de variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade dos adolescentes e se tem ou não irmãos). A amostra foi constituída por 728 adolescentes portugueses com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 20 anos. Na recolha dos dados, procedeu-se à aplicação do inventário Versão Breve da Escala Básica de Empatia (BES-A), da Exposure to Abusive and Supportive Environments Parenting Inventory (EASE-PI) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Esta investigação enfatiza a importância de profissionais da área de saúde e educação, como forma efetiva para a redução dos casos de exposição a ambientes abusivos, possibilitando a criação de medidas preventivas.
本研究旨在分析暴露于虐待环境/支持与移情之间的关系;探讨社会人口统计学变量(性别、青少年年龄以及是否有兄弟姐妹)导致的虐待环境/支持和移情之间的差异。样本包括728名年龄在12至20岁之间的葡萄牙青少年。在数据收集中,采用了基本移情量表(BES-A)、虐待和支持性环境暴露养育问卷(EASE-PI)和社会人口学问卷。这项调查强调了卫生和教育专业人员的重要性,认为这是减少接触虐待环境的有效途径,有助于制定预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
Perfeccionismo, bienestar psicológico y disposición a fluir en enfermeras 完美主义、心理健康与护士流动意愿
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1016
Diorelis Josefina Colmenares, L. Aguilar
The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between perfectionism, psychological well-being and dispositional flow in nurses. A quantitative study with descriptive-correlational scope was designed. The sample consisted of 150 nurses (mean age = 41.95, SD = 11.24) who were working in public and private health institutions of Caracas. The variables were measured with self-report instruments. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations were used in the analysis of the data. Moderate levels of perfectionism were found, along with high levels of well-being and flow. Perfectionism was positively related to well-being and dispositional flow (p < .01). The results highlight the psychological adjustment of the nursing staff and contradict the prevailing negative view on perfectionism.
本研究的目的是评估护士完美主义、心理健康和倾向流之间的关系。设计了一个具有描述性相关范围的定量研究。样本包括150名在加拉加斯公共和私人卫生机构工作的护士(平均年龄=41.95,标准差=11.24)。这些变量是用自我报告的仪器测量的。在数据分析中使用了描述性统计和双变量相关性。研究发现,完美主义程度适中,幸福感和流畅感也很高。完美主义与幸福感和倾向流呈正相关(p<0.01)。研究结果突出了护理人员的心理调整,与普遍存在的完美主义负面观点相矛盾。
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引用次数: 1
Dimensiones de identidad entre campesinos de una comunidad rural brasileña 巴西农村社区农民的身份维度
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.1174
M. Bonomo, Lídio de Souza (in memoriam), Eliana Zandonade
Referenced by the Theory of Social Identity, the investigation aimed to identify the elements that compose the identity dimensions, based on belonging to the social category of rurality. Individual interviews were carried out with 200 members of four generations from a rural community, aged between 07 and 81 years old, conducted from a structured script. The data was analyzed using the varimax rotation method and the Descending Hierarchical Classification, respectively, with the aid of the SPSS and Alceste softwares. The results indicated antitheses that support oppositions between the two territories: (1) 'self-sustainability vs. capitalist mode of production', (2) 'equality vs. inequality', (3) 'familiarity vs. non-familiarity' and (4) 'happy life vs. sad life'. Strategies for maintaining the peasant social identity in the contemporary social context are discussed.
本研究参照社会认同理论,在属于乡村社会范畴的基础上,确定构成认同维度的要素。对来自一个农村社区的四代200名成员进行了个人访谈,年龄在07岁至81岁之间,采用结构化的脚本进行。数据分析分别采用方差最大旋转法和下降层次分类法,并借助SPSS和Alceste软件。结果表明,这两个领域之间存在对立:(1)“自我可持续性与资本主义生产模式”,(2)“平等与不平等”,(3)“熟悉与不熟悉”,(4)“幸福生活与悲伤生活”。探讨了在当代社会背景下维护农民社会身份的策略。
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引用次数: 0
¿Puede el optimismo mediar el efecto negativo de la ansiedad rasgo sobre el bienestar psicológico? 乐观情绪能否介导特质焦虑对心理幸福感的负面影响?
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.916
Andrés Gutiérrez-Carmona, Carolina Alday Mondaca, A. Urzúa, Anna Wlodarczyk
The objective of the study was to evaluate the mediating effect of optimism in the anxiety-trait relationship and psychological well-being in higher education students. The sample consisted of 332 students of higher education in Antofagasta, Chile, with an average age of 21.8 years. It is found that the negative effect of anxiety-trait on the dimensions of psychological well-being diminishes when incorporating optimism in the regression. It is concluded that optimism has a partial mediating effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being, except in personal growth, where it exercises total mediation.
本研究的目的是评估乐观情绪在高等教育学生焦虑-特质关系和心理健康中的中介作用。样本包括智利安托法加斯塔的332名高等教育学生,平均年龄21.8岁。研究发现,当将乐观情绪纳入回归时,焦虑特质对心理幸福感维度的负面影响会减弱。结果表明,乐观主义对心理幸福感的维度具有部分中介作用,但在个人成长中除外,在个人成长过程中,乐观主义起到了完全中介作用。
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引用次数: 4
Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Expectativas de Rechazo Social (ERS) 社会排斥期望量表(ERS)的开发与验证
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i2.871
V. Morán, F. O. Olaz
The social performance of individuals is influenced by the expectations that people have about the outcome of their behavior, since these allow us to anticipate the future and plan courses of action. The expectations of social rejection have been defined as thoughts that anticipate the possibility of being rejected in an interpersonal situation. When they are frequent can bring a number of difficulties in the social life of people. The aim of this study was to build the Social Rejection Expectations Scale (SRE) for the adult population. First, 51 preliminary items were submitted to expert judgment (N = 6) to obtain evidence of content validity. Second, using an accidental sampling, an exploratory (N = 320) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 458) was performed. As a result, a final scale was obtained, consisting of 27 items distributed in three factors named as Expectations of rejection in situations with known people, Expectations of rejection in situations of establishment of new relationships and Expectations of rejection in public places and with unknown people. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated, obtaining very good and excellent coefficients for each factor (from .71 to .88). Finally, significant positive correlations were obtained between the scales of the test and different measures of social anxiety. It can be concluded that the SRE is a valid and reliable instrument for the evaluation of expectations of social rejection in the adult population, being a useful tool in research and diagnosis.
个人的社会表现受到人们对其行为结果的期望的影响,因为这些期望使我们能够预测未来并计划行动方案。社会拒绝的预期被定义为在人际关系中预期被拒绝的可能性的想法。当他们频繁的时候会给人们的社会生活带来一些困难。本研究的目的是为成年人群建立社会排斥期望量表(SRE)。首先,将51个初步项目提交给专家判断(N=6),以获得内容有效性的证据。其次,使用意外抽样,进行了探索性(N=320)和验证性因素分析(N=458)。结果,获得了一个最终的量表,由27个项目组成,分布在三个因素中,分别是:在与已知的人相处的情况下被拒绝的期望、在建立新关系的情况下遭到拒绝的期望以及在公共场所和与未知的人相处时被拒绝的预期。对量表的内部一致性进行了评估,每个因素的系数都非常好(从.71到.88)。最后,测试量表与社交焦虑的不同测量之间存在显著的正相关。可以得出结论,SRE是评估成年人群社会排斥预期的有效和可靠的工具,是研究和诊断的有用工具。
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引用次数: 1
Sintomatología asociada a trastornos de Salud Mental en trabajadores sanitarios en Paraguay: efecto COVID-19 巴拉圭卫生工作者精神健康障碍相关症状:COVID-19效应
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.30849/RIPIJP.V54I1.1298
A. Samaniego, A. Urzúa, Marcelo Buenahora, Pablo E. Vera-Villarroel
COVID-19 disease has not only led to a collapse of the health system and the death of thousands of people but is also having an impact on the health of those who are providing care for those infected.  In this context, the aim of this research was to determine prevalences of depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and compassionate fatigue, as well as factors related to the presence of symptoms associated with these disorders in healthcare workers. For this, 126 health professionals from Paraguay were surveyed online, of which 83% were women, with an average age in the total sample of 32 years.  The questionnaires PHQ-9 for depression, GAD-7 for anxiety, ISI-7 for insomnia, IES-R for distress and the module of compassion fatigue of ProQOL - CSF-vIV were applied. It was found that the percentages of participants who reported symptoms classified as moderate and severe were 32.2% for depression, 41.3% for anxiety, 27.8% for insomnia, 38.9% for distress and 64.3% for compassion fatigue. In addition, women and younger people were at greater risk for symptoms. The data provide evidence for the need to establish prevention or intervention strategies to cope with mental health problems in health professionals.
COVID-19疾病不仅导致卫生系统崩溃和数千人死亡,而且还对那些为感染者提供护理的人的健康产生影响。在此背景下,本研究的目的是确定抑郁、焦虑、失眠、痛苦和体恤性疲劳的患病率,以及与卫生保健工作者中与这些疾病相关的症状相关的因素。为此,对来自巴拉圭的126名卫生专业人员进行了在线调查,其中83%是妇女,总样本的平均年龄为32岁。采用抑郁问卷PHQ-9、焦虑问卷GAD-7、失眠问卷ISI-7、焦虑问卷fies - r和ProQOL - CSF-vIV的同情疲劳模块。研究发现,报告症状分为中度和重度的参与者比例为:抑郁症32.2%,焦虑41.3%,失眠27.8%,痛苦38.9%,同情疲劳64.3%。此外,女性和年轻人出现症状的风险更大。这些数据证明,有必要制定预防或干预战略,以应对卫生专业人员的心理健康问题。
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引用次数: 27
Impacto da vinculação e dos traços de psicopatia nos comportamentos aditivos dos adolescentes 依恋和精神变态特征对青少年成瘾行为的影响
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v54i1.1161
Ana Rita Silva, I. Relva, Alice Margarida Simões
The present study examines the relationship between substance use (measured by DAST), parenting and peer grouping (as measured by IPPA-R) as well as a set of psychopathic traits (assessed through the YPI-RE). The sample consisted of 317 adolescents who attended public schools in the northern region of the country. The results suggest a predictive effect of the traits of psychopathy in adolescent drug use. They also suggest a higher average consumption for adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age, and the analyzes did not reveal significant differences in consumption relative to the adolescent sex. They also suggest a negative correlation between drug use and the dimensions of the attachment evaluated.
本研究考察了物质使用(通过DAST测量)、养育子女和同伴分组(通过IPPA-R测量)以及一系列精神病特征(通过YPI-RE评估)之间的关系。样本包括317名在该国北部地区公立学校就读的青少年。结果表明,精神病态特征在青少年吸毒中具有预测作用。他们还指出,15岁至18岁的青少年的平均饮酒量较高,分析并没有显示出与青少年性别相关的饮酒量有显著差异。他们还表明,药物使用与所评估的依恋维度之间存在负相关。
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引用次数: 0
La psicología en América Latina: entre la búsqueda de identidad y el esfuerzo por reconocimiento global 拉丁美洲的心理学:在寻找身份和努力获得全球认可之间
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.30849/RIPIJP.V54I1.1306
Andrés M. Pérez-Acosta, A. Consoli
Book Review:Ardila, R. (Ed.) (2018). Psychology in Latin America: Current status, challenges and perspectives. Cham, Suiza: Springer Nature.
书评:Ardila,R.(编辑)(2018)。拉丁美洲心理学:现状、挑战和展望。《施普林格自然》。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Interamerican Journal of Psychology
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