With the development of modern industry and ever more complex structural loads, the possibility of fatigue failure is increasing. Fatigue analysis can be used to evaluate the service life of components and reduce the probability of accidents. Therefore, the development and application of fatigue-analysis technology have important research significance. This paper collects information from a wide field of literature and summarizes the current status of fatigue-analysis research. It covers related theoretical knowledge, fatigue-life prediction methods, and fatigue design methods and their application scenarios, and it summarizes the challenges and research hotspots in the field. On the basis of this examination, future development directions of fatigue-life prediction methods are proposed. The conclusions will have a certain guiding role in the development of fatigue-analysis methods.
{"title":"Methods for fatigue-life estimation: A review of the current status and future trends","authors":"Lufan Zhang, Boshi Jiang, Pengqi Zhang, Heng Yan, Xiangbo Xu, Ruizhuo Liu, Jingjing Tang, Caixia Ren","doi":"10.1063/10.0017255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0017255","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of modern industry and ever more complex structural loads, the possibility of fatigue failure is increasing. Fatigue analysis can be used to evaluate the service life of components and reduce the probability of accidents. Therefore, the development and application of fatigue-analysis technology have important research significance. This paper collects information from a wide field of literature and summarizes the current status of fatigue-analysis research. It covers related theoretical knowledge, fatigue-life prediction methods, and fatigue design methods and their application scenarios, and it summarizes the challenges and research hotspots in the field. On the basis of this examination, future development directions of fatigue-life prediction methods are proposed. The conclusions will have a certain guiding role in the development of fatigue-analysis methods.","PeriodicalId":35428,"journal":{"name":"Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45589491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Xiao, Zhiwen Wang, Hongyuan Wang, Jie Sun, Yelong Zheng, Yin-guo Huang
Giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMAs) are a widely used type of micro-nano actuator, and they are greatly significant in the field of precision engineering. The accuracy of a GMA often depends on its hysteresis model. However, existing models have some limitations, including the difficulty of identifying their parameters and the tradeoff between the quantity of modeling data required and the level of precision achieved. To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a Preisach inverse model based on equal-density segmentation of the weight function (E-Preisach). The weight function used to calculate the displacement is first discretized. Then, to obtain a finer weight distribution, the discretized geometric units are uniformly divided by area. This can further minimize the output displacement span, and it produces a higher-precision hysteresis model. The process of parameter identification is made easier by this approach, which also resolves the difficulty of obtaining high precision using a small amount of modeling data. The Preisach and the E-Preisach inverse models were investigated and compared using experiments. At frequencies of 1 and 5 Hz, it was found that the E-Preisach inverse model decreases the maximum error of the feedforward compensation open-loop control to within 1 µm and decreases the root-mean-square error in displacement to within 0.5 µm without the need to increase the number of measured hysteresis loops. As a result, the E-Preisach inverse model streamlines the structure of the model and requires fewer parameters for modeling. This provides a high-precision modeling method using a small amount of modeling data; it will have applications in precision engineering fields such as active vibration damping and ultra-precision machining.
{"title":"A precision-drive hysteresis model with an equal-density weight function for GMA feedforward compensation","authors":"Kun Xiao, Zhiwen Wang, Hongyuan Wang, Jie Sun, Yelong Zheng, Yin-guo Huang","doi":"10.1063/10.0017659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0017659","url":null,"abstract":"Giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMAs) are a widely used type of micro-nano actuator, and they are greatly significant in the field of precision engineering. The accuracy of a GMA often depends on its hysteresis model. However, existing models have some limitations, including the difficulty of identifying their parameters and the tradeoff between the quantity of modeling data required and the level of precision achieved. To solve these problems, in this paper, we propose a Preisach inverse model based on equal-density segmentation of the weight function (E-Preisach). The weight function used to calculate the displacement is first discretized. Then, to obtain a finer weight distribution, the discretized geometric units are uniformly divided by area. This can further minimize the output displacement span, and it produces a higher-precision hysteresis model. The process of parameter identification is made easier by this approach, which also resolves the difficulty of obtaining high precision using a small amount of modeling data. The Preisach and the E-Preisach inverse models were investigated and compared using experiments. At frequencies of 1 and 5 Hz, it was found that the E-Preisach inverse model decreases the maximum error of the feedforward compensation open-loop control to within 1 µm and decreases the root-mean-square error in displacement to within 0.5 µm without the need to increase the number of measured hysteresis loops. As a result, the E-Preisach inverse model streamlines the structure of the model and requires fewer parameters for modeling. This provides a high-precision modeling method using a small amount of modeling data; it will have applications in precision engineering fields such as active vibration damping and ultra-precision machining.","PeriodicalId":35428,"journal":{"name":"Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45471139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past two decades, digital microfluidic biochips have been in much demand for safety-critical and biomedical applications and increasingly important in point-of-care analysis, drug discovery, and immunoassays, among other areas. However, for complex bioassays, finding routes for the transportation of droplets in an electrowetting-on-dielectric digital biochip while maintaining their discreteness is a challenging task. In this study, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based droplet routing technique for digital microfluidic biochips. The technique is implemented on a distributed architecture to optimize the possible paths for predefined source–target pairs of droplets. The actors of the technique calculate the possible routes of the source–target pairs and store the experience in a replay buffer, and the learner fetches the experiences and updates the routing paths. The proposed algorithm was applied to benchmark suites I and III as two different test benches, and it achieved significant improvements over state-of-the-art techniques.
{"title":"A deep-reinforcement learning approach for optimizing homogeneous droplet routing in digital microfluidic biochips","authors":"Basudev Saha, Bidyut Das, M. Majumder","doi":"10.1063/10.0017350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0017350","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, digital microfluidic biochips have been in much demand for safety-critical and biomedical applications and increasingly important in point-of-care analysis, drug discovery, and immunoassays, among other areas. However, for complex bioassays, finding routes for the transportation of droplets in an electrowetting-on-dielectric digital biochip while maintaining their discreteness is a challenging task. In this study, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based droplet routing technique for digital microfluidic biochips. The technique is implemented on a distributed architecture to optimize the possible paths for predefined source–target pairs of droplets. The actors of the technique calculate the possible routes of the source–target pairs and store the experience in a replay buffer, and the learner fetches the experiences and updates the routing paths. The proposed algorithm was applied to benchmark suites I and III as two different test benches, and it achieved significant improvements over state-of-the-art techniques.","PeriodicalId":35428,"journal":{"name":"Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a metal alloy, NiCr films have a relatively high resistivity and low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and are widely used in electronic components and sensors. However, the resistivity of pure NiCr is insufficient for high-resistance and highly stable film resistors. In this study, a quaternary NiCrAlSi target (47:33:10:10, wt. %) was successfully used to prepare resistor films with resistivities ranging from 1000 to 10 000 μΩ cm and TCR within ±100 ppm/K. An oxygen flow was introduced during the sputtering process. The films exhibit high-temperature stability at 450 °C. The films were analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the difference in the oxide proportion of the films caused the differences in resistivity. The near-zero TCR values were considered to be due to the competition between silicon and other metals. This study provides new insights into the electrical properties of NiCr-based films containing Si, which will drive the manufacturing of resistors with high resistivity and zero TCR.
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of NiCr-based films with high resistivity and low temperature coefficient of resistance","authors":"Diaohao Zhai, Yongping Chen, Houming Zhai, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1063/10.0017693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0017693","url":null,"abstract":"As a metal alloy, NiCr films have a relatively high resistivity and low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and are widely used in electronic components and sensors. However, the resistivity of pure NiCr is insufficient for high-resistance and highly stable film resistors. In this study, a quaternary NiCrAlSi target (47:33:10:10, wt. %) was successfully used to prepare resistor films with resistivities ranging from 1000 to 10 000 μΩ cm and TCR within ±100 ppm/K. An oxygen flow was introduced during the sputtering process. The films exhibit high-temperature stability at 450 °C. The films were analyzed using Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the difference in the oxide proportion of the films caused the differences in resistivity. The near-zero TCR values were considered to be due to the competition between silicon and other metals. This study provides new insights into the electrical properties of NiCr-based films containing Si, which will drive the manufacturing of resistors with high resistivity and zero TCR.","PeriodicalId":35428,"journal":{"name":"Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42895244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microfluidic phenotyping methods have been of vital importance for cellular characterization, especially for evaluating single cells. In order to study the deformability of a single cell, we devised and tested a tunable microfluidic chip-based method. A pneumatic polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was designed and fabricated abutting a single-cell trapping structure, so the cell could be squeezed controllably in a lateral direction. Cell contour changes under increasing pressure were recorded, enabling the deformation degree of different types of single cell to be analyzed and compared using computer vision. This provides a new perspective for studying mechanical properties of cells at the single cell level.
{"title":"Tunable microfluidic chip for single-cell deformation study","authors":"Ruiyun Zhang, X. Duan, ShuaiHua Zhang, Wenlan Guo, Chen Sun, Ziyu Han","doi":"10.1063/10.0017649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0017649","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic phenotyping methods have been of vital importance for cellular characterization, especially for evaluating single cells. In order to study the deformability of a single cell, we devised and tested a tunable microfluidic chip-based method. A pneumatic polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was designed and fabricated abutting a single-cell trapping structure, so the cell could be squeezed controllably in a lateral direction. Cell contour changes under increasing pressure were recorded, enabling the deformation degree of different types of single cell to be analyzed and compared using computer vision. This provides a new perspective for studying mechanical properties of cells at the single cell level.","PeriodicalId":35428,"journal":{"name":"Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of laser energy on the surface quality and properties of electrodeposited zinc-nickel-molybdenum coatings","authors":"Tao Ni, Zhaoyang Zhang, Yucheng Wu, Shuai Yang","doi":"10.1063/10.0019382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0019382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35428,"journal":{"name":"Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46744598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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