{"title":"Market Evolution of the Optics Industry","authors":"P. Trotta","doi":"10.1364/oft.1996.owa.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1996.owa.2","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116883052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Construction of larger and more powerful optical telescopes has required a number of advances in optical fabrication and testing. Necessary innovations start with the mechanical design and choice of materials for primary and secondary mirror blanks, and extend to the manufacture of the blank, and polishing and testing of the largest and most aspheric mirrors made.
{"title":"Advances in optical fabrication for large telescopes","authors":"H. Martin","doi":"10.1364/oft.1998.oma.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1998.oma.1","url":null,"abstract":"Construction of larger and more powerful optical telescopes has required a number of advances in optical fabrication and testing. Necessary innovations start with the mechanical design and choice of materials for primary and secondary mirror blanks, and extend to the manufacture of the blank, and polishing and testing of the largest and most aspheric mirrors made.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121020425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izumitani [1982, 1986] has discussed four theories of glass polishing. These theories are briefly summarized below since they point out that an important glass mechanical property, the fracture toughness, has not been included to date in the interpretation of polishing.
{"title":"Does Polishing Involve Fracture?","authors":"J. Lambropoulos","doi":"10.1364/oft.1996.otha.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1996.otha.3","url":null,"abstract":"Izumitani [1982, 1986] has discussed four theories of glass polishing. These theories are briefly summarized below since they point out that an important glass mechanical property, the fracture toughness, has not been included to date in the interpretation of polishing.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127090608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reviews the capabilities and manufacturing methods used to fabricate precision injection molded optics and describes their advantages and limitations.
本文综述了精密注射成型光学器件的性能和制造方法，并介绍了它们的优点和局限性。
{"title":"Injection Molded Optics - A State of The Art Review","authors":"S. D. Fantone, Terence D. O'Hagan","doi":"10.1364/oft.1988.fb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.fb1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews the capabilities and manufacturing methods used to fabricate precision injection molded optics and describes their advantages and limitations.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"71 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125488938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International standards writing efforts in optics having been going on for the past 9 years under the auspices of the Geneva based International Standards Organization (ISO). This work is being done by Technical Committee (TC) 172 - Optics and Optical Instruments. Within this TC, Subcommittee (SC) 1 - Fundamental Standards has three Working Groups (WG). WG 3 - Environmental Test Methods, has prepared 18 draft environmental test standards and an introductory section defining the application of these tests to various classes of optical instruments.
{"title":"ISO Environmental Test Standards for Optical Instruments","authors":"Robert E. Parks","doi":"10.1364/oft.1988.fa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.fa5","url":null,"abstract":"International standards writing efforts in optics having been going on for the past 9 years under the auspices of the Geneva based International Standards Organization (ISO). This work is being done by Technical Committee (TC) 172 - Optics and Optical Instruments. Within this TC, Subcommittee (SC) 1 - Fundamental Standards has three Working Groups (WG). WG 3 - Environmental Test Methods, has prepared 18 draft environmental test standards and an introductory section defining the application of these tests to various classes of optical instruments.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"49 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116194524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, was established in 1946. Today ISO has 90 members; those are the national standards institutions of the respective countries. The scope of ISO work comprises standardization in all technical fields with the exception of electric and electronic engineering, which is handled by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO's administrative center is the ISO Central Secretariat located in Geneva/Switzerland. The technical work of ISO is allocated to Technical Committees (TC's), each being assigned a particular technical field. Depending on the complexity of the technical field, a TC can divide its tasks and allocate the parts to Sub-Committees (SC's). A SC, in turn, can subdivide its tasks and allocate them to Working Groups (WG's), the WG being the smallest and most specialized unit in the ISO structure. Each of the TC's and SC's has a secretariat which is provided by one of the member organizations of ISO. At present, the technical structure of ISO consists of 164 Technical Committees, 644 Sub-Committees and 1551 Working Groups. The TC of prime interest for the optical community is probably TC 172 "Optics and Optical Instruments", comprising 9 SC's and 17 WG's. The work of TC 172 will be discussed in more detail.
{"title":"ISO Organization and international Optical Standards","authors":"H. Walter","doi":"10.1364/oft.1988.fa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.fa1","url":null,"abstract":"ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, was established in 1946. Today ISO has 90 members; those are the national standards institutions of the respective countries. The scope of ISO work comprises standardization in all technical fields with the exception of electric and electronic engineering, which is handled by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO's administrative center is the ISO Central Secretariat located in Geneva/Switzerland. The technical work of ISO is allocated to Technical Committees (TC's), each being assigned a particular technical field. Depending on the complexity of the technical field, a TC can divide its tasks and allocate the parts to Sub-Committees (SC's). A SC, in turn, can subdivide its tasks and allocate them to Working Groups (WG's), the WG being the smallest and most specialized unit in the ISO structure. Each of the TC's and SC's has a secretariat which is provided by one of the member organizations of ISO. At present, the technical structure of ISO consists of 164 Technical Committees, 644 Sub-Committees and 1551 Working Groups. The TC of prime interest for the optical community is probably TC 172 \"Optics and Optical Instruments\", comprising 9 SC's and 17 WG's. The work of TC 172 will be discussed in more detail.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scattered light is a problem in many optical systems. Increasingly, scatter is becoming recognized as the real issue with component specifications written in terms of the BSDF (bidirectional scatter distribution function) instead of the often less appropriate surface finish parameters (rms roughness, etc)[1,2]. Additionally, the presence of light scatter from a local area, on an otherwise uniform optic, indicates the presence of a defect or a contamination site. Unfortunately, complete sample coverage by full angle BSDF inspection is often impractical due to time and cost limitations imposed by sample size and/or sample numbers. For these situations a raster scanning technique which rapidly covers the required area may be the best solution. Raster data provides valuable insights into sample non-uniformity caused by production processes and contamination.
{"title":"Inspection of Large Area and Large Volume Optics by Raster Scanning","authors":"J. Stover, D. E. McGary, J. Rifkin","doi":"10.1364/oft.1988.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"Scattered light is a problem in many optical systems. Increasingly, scatter is becoming recognized as the real issue with component specifications written in terms of the BSDF (bidirectional scatter distribution function) instead of the often less appropriate surface finish parameters (rms roughness, etc)[1,2]. Additionally, the presence of light scatter from a local area, on an otherwise uniform optic, indicates the presence of a defect or a contamination site. Unfortunately, complete sample coverage by full angle BSDF inspection is often impractical due to time and cost limitations imposed by sample size and/or sample numbers. For these situations a raster scanning technique which rapidly covers the required area may be the best solution. Raster data provides valuable insights into sample non-uniformity caused by production processes and contamination.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An overview is presented of successful optician training programs in the Rochester area where both Academia and Industry develop and deliver the material together.
概述了罗切斯特地区成功的验光师培训项目，其中学术界和工业界共同开发和提供材料。
{"title":"Optician Training: An Academic/Industrial Partnership","authors":"R. F. Novak","doi":"10.1364/oft.1988.wa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.wa3","url":null,"abstract":"An overview is presented of successful optician training programs in the Rochester area where both Academia and Industry develop and deliver the material together.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114513794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The routine testing of aspheric optical components remains an elusive goal for the optical engineer. While significant improvements in the art of aspheric testing (especially in the use computer-generated diffractive nulls) have occurred over the last several years, the usual aspheric test situation still requires specialized null optics with relatively long lead times and added cost. As a result, the use of precision aspherics have been limited to situations that can afford or amortize these costs: large programs such as telescopes, high-volume products, or very specialized instruments. The irony is that these limitations are occurring at a time when manufacturing technology is capable of producing an ever-increasing variety of surface types and specifications, and sometimes these surfaces can be fabricated economically even in small quantities.
{"title":"Aspheric Surface Metrology - Where Do We Go From Here?","authors":"J. Greivenkamp, A. Lowman","doi":"10.1364/oft.1996.owc.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1996.owc.1","url":null,"abstract":"The routine testing of aspheric optical components remains an elusive goal for the optical engineer. While significant improvements in the art of aspheric testing (especially in the use computer-generated diffractive nulls) have occurred over the last several years, the usual aspheric test situation still requires specialized null optics with relatively long lead times and added cost. As a result, the use of precision aspherics have been limited to situations that can afford or amortize these costs: large programs such as telescopes, high-volume products, or very specialized instruments. The irony is that these limitations are occurring at a time when manufacturing technology is capable of producing an ever-increasing variety of surface types and specifications, and sometimes these surfaces can be fabricated economically even in small quantities.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114875681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As optical systems become more complex, the designer is often forced to utilize exotic state-of-the-art materials to help solve difficult engineering problems. Often, as in the example presented here, the result is a design with inherent manufacturing problems. The component is a light weight beryllium mirror used in a Forward Looking InfraRed (FLIR) system. (Figure 1). The thin section design and the use of beryllium as the substrate material caused manufacturing problems.
{"title":"Achieving a Low Stress Optical Finish on a High Aspect Ratio Beryllium Mirror","authors":"J. Hizny","doi":"10.1364/oft.1990.jtuc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oft.1990.jtuc6","url":null,"abstract":"As optical systems become more complex, the designer is often forced to utilize exotic state-of-the-art materials to help solve difficult engineering problems. Often, as in the example presented here, the result is a design with inherent manufacturing problems. The component is a light weight beryllium mirror used in a Forward Looking InfraRed (FLIR) system. (Figure 1). The thin section design and the use of beryllium as the substrate material caused manufacturing problems.","PeriodicalId":354934,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fabrication and Testing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127761843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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