Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770231151425
S. Coxhead
This paper is concerned with the mistranslation of the Greek word καταγγέλλετε katangellete “you proclaim” in 1 Cor 11.26 in the first major Protestant translation of the Bible into Vietnamese, a problem that has continued to be reproduced in subsequent translations. The paper identifies the problem and discusses the importance of context in distinguishing the Greek second-person plural present active indicative and imperative forms. A solution to this historical translation problem is also suggested, involving the use of a particle indicating progressive aspect.
{"title":"The Mistranslation of 1 Corinthians 11.26 in Vietnamese","authors":"S. Coxhead","doi":"10.1177/20516770231151425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770231151425","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the mistranslation of the Greek word καταγγέλλετε katangellete “you proclaim” in 1 Cor 11.26 in the first major Protestant translation of the Bible into Vietnamese, a problem that has continued to be reproduced in subsequent translations. The paper identifies the problem and discusses the importance of context in distinguishing the Greek second-person plural present active indicative and imperative forms. A solution to this historical translation problem is also suggested, involving the use of a particle indicating progressive aspect.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221151156
Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska
The Old Polish New Testament apocrypha are the most extensive written records of a Polish medieval religious language. The aim of this article is to analyze ways in which excerpts from the Psalms operate in these texts. No full Polish medieval translation of the Bible has been preserved, so it is the apocrypha that shape our understanding of the folk Bible in medieval Poland. Medieval authors came up with different translation strategies: formal and dynamic equivalence, as well as paraphrase and summary. The authors used the Latin text freely, adapting it to the subject, removing inconvenient passages and adding others. However, fragments of psalms are almost always translated accurately, word for word, duly accounting for the Latin word order. The manner of translating psalms is different from the way Old Polish authors translated texts they knew as bilinguals.
{"title":"Translations of the Psalms in Old Polish Biblical-Apocryphal Narrative Texts: The Beginnings of Vernacular Religious Language","authors":"Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska","doi":"10.1177/20516770221151156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221151156","url":null,"abstract":"The Old Polish New Testament apocrypha are the most extensive written records of a Polish medieval religious language. The aim of this article is to analyze ways in which excerpts from the Psalms operate in these texts. No full Polish medieval translation of the Bible has been preserved, so it is the apocrypha that shape our understanding of the folk Bible in medieval Poland. Medieval authors came up with different translation strategies: formal and dynamic equivalence, as well as paraphrase and summary. The authors used the Latin text freely, adapting it to the subject, removing inconvenient passages and adding others. However, fragments of psalms are almost always translated accurately, word for word, duly accounting for the Latin word order. The manner of translating psalms is different from the way Old Polish authors translated texts they knew as bilinguals.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770231152271
B. Cleaver
This article is about oral Bible translation (OBT), its key features, and how it differs from both written Bible translation and oral Bible storying. The author draws on her own experience as a Translation Advisor on an OBT team, and also from interaction with other OBT teams around the world. The article proposes that internalisation is the key component or “ingredient” in OBT, and also discusses emotional exegesis and voice prosody as essential features of the oral translation process. Ideas are offered on how consultant checking of OBT differs from that of written Bible translation. The article ends by recommending intensive training on internalisation for all Bible translation teams, the development of notes on emotional exegesis and performance, and increased training for translation consultants on orality.
{"title":"Oral Bible Translation and Its Role in the Future of Bible Translation","authors":"B. Cleaver","doi":"10.1177/20516770231152271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770231152271","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about oral Bible translation (OBT), its key features, and how it differs from both written Bible translation and oral Bible storying. The author draws on her own experience as a Translation Advisor on an OBT team, and also from interaction with other OBT teams around the world. The article proposes that internalisation is the key component or “ingredient” in OBT, and also discusses emotional exegesis and voice prosody as essential features of the oral translation process. Ideas are offered on how consultant checking of OBT differs from that of written Bible translation. The article ends by recommending intensive training on internalisation for all Bible translation teams, the development of notes on emotional exegesis and performance, and increased training for translation consultants on orality.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121662199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770231155162
Kenneth Ekezie Obiorah
As discoveries are made, new words are needed to capture and describe the various new realities. These new words and ideas need to be either translated or transliterated into other languages for the benefit of the users of those languages. Consequently, strategies used successfully for previous translations and transliterations need to be studied, understood, and defined in order to maintain consistency in subsequent translations. It is from this perspective that this work seeks to unveil the translation and transliteration strategies employed in expressing the names of the sixty-six books of the Protestant Bible in Igbo and Yoruba. Drawing on the data sourced from Igbo and Yoruba Bibles, this study shows that literal translation, direct translations, and borrowing were used. The borrowed words were adapted into the two indigenous languages using sound substitution, sound insertion, or approximation of Igbo/Yoruba phonetic symbols to English orthography.
{"title":"Linguistic Strategies in the Translation/Transliteration of the Names of Biblical Books into Igbo and Yoruba","authors":"Kenneth Ekezie Obiorah","doi":"10.1177/20516770231155162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770231155162","url":null,"abstract":"As discoveries are made, new words are needed to capture and describe the various new realities. These new words and ideas need to be either translated or transliterated into other languages for the benefit of the users of those languages. Consequently, strategies used successfully for previous translations and transliterations need to be studied, understood, and defined in order to maintain consistency in subsequent translations. It is from this perspective that this work seeks to unveil the translation and transliteration strategies employed in expressing the names of the sixty-six books of the Protestant Bible in Igbo and Yoruba. Drawing on the data sourced from Igbo and Yoruba Bibles, this study shows that literal translation, direct translations, and borrowing were used. The borrowed words were adapted into the two indigenous languages using sound substitution, sound insertion, or approximation of Igbo/Yoruba phonetic symbols to English orthography.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132482255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221132519
H. J. de Jonge
This essay argues that Martin Luther’s choice of asabthani in Matt 27.46 instead of sabachthani in his source text, Erasmus’s 1519 edition of the New Testament, was based on the reading azabt(h)ani occurring in many editions of the Latin Vulgate printed in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Although Luther based his translation primarily on the Greek and Latin texts included in Erasmus’s Novum Testamentum of 1519, he repeatedly preferred readings of the Vulgate to those of Erasmus. This also applies to this reading asabthani in Matt 27.46.
{"title":"The Reading Asabthani in Luther’s Translation of Matthew 27.46","authors":"H. J. de Jonge","doi":"10.1177/20516770221132519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221132519","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Martin Luther’s choice of asabthani in Matt 27.46 instead of sabachthani in his source text, Erasmus’s 1519 edition of the New Testament, was based on the reading azabt(h)ani occurring in many editions of the Latin Vulgate printed in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Although Luther based his translation primarily on the Greek and Latin texts included in Erasmus’s Novum Testamentum of 1519, he repeatedly preferred readings of the Vulgate to those of Erasmus. This also applies to this reading asabthani in Matt 27.46.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132030532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221109853
H. Förster
The construction of 1 Cor 7.17 has been described as difficult. In light of its grammatical problems, this is an understatement. It appears that the difficulty stems not so much from the grammar of the Greek syntax but rather from the perception of what constitutes a sentence in Greek. A proposed change of the punctuation makes 1 Cor 7.17 part of a well-constructed Greek sentence. The suggestions advanced in this contribution, supported by evidence from Greek manuscripts, pertain to both the punctuation of 1 Cor 7.17 and its relation to 1 Cor 7.16. The treatments of this passage in Erasmus’s Greek New Testament, the Vulgate, Luther’s Bible, and other versions are considered.
{"title":"Some Observations on the Punctuation in 1 Corinthians 7.16-17","authors":"H. Förster","doi":"10.1177/20516770221109853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221109853","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of 1 Cor 7.17 has been described as difficult. In light of its grammatical problems, this is an understatement. It appears that the difficulty stems not so much from the grammar of the Greek syntax but rather from the perception of what constitutes a sentence in Greek. A proposed change of the punctuation makes 1 Cor 7.17 part of a well-constructed Greek sentence. The suggestions advanced in this contribution, supported by evidence from Greek manuscripts, pertain to both the punctuation of 1 Cor 7.17 and its relation to 1 Cor 7.16. The treatments of this passage in Erasmus’s Greek New Testament, the Vulgate, Luther’s Bible, and other versions are considered.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221134943
Euan Cameron
Luther’s first New Testament in German, issued in September 1522, forms a landmark in the history of Bible translation. Yet how precisely did Luther’s work diverge from and build on received biblical scholarship, and on previous translations into German? This article compares John’s Gospel in the September Testament with Anton Koberger’s German Bible of 1483 and Erasmus’s Greek and Latin New Testament of 1519. Luther’s 1522 Testament differed in format from its predecessors: Luther discarded Jerome’s prefaces in favour of his own, and added expository commentaries and paragraph breaks to help the reader. Compared to Koberger, Luther aspired to more fluent and elegant language. He avoided importing Latin terms into German and strove for rhetorically powerful German. He adopted several of Erasmus’s philological interventions, though not uncritically. Luther worked continuously to make his German New Testament embody what he saw as the essential gospel.
{"title":"The September Testament and Its Predecessors: How Was Luther’s New Testament Translation Different from Previous German Versions?","authors":"Euan Cameron","doi":"10.1177/20516770221134943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221134943","url":null,"abstract":"Luther’s first New Testament in German, issued in September 1522, forms a landmark in the history of Bible translation. Yet how precisely did Luther’s work diverge from and build on received biblical scholarship, and on previous translations into German? This article compares John’s Gospel in the September Testament with Anton Koberger’s German Bible of 1483 and Erasmus’s Greek and Latin New Testament of 1519. Luther’s 1522 Testament differed in format from its predecessors: Luther discarded Jerome’s prefaces in favour of his own, and added expository commentaries and paragraph breaks to help the reader. Compared to Koberger, Luther aspired to more fluent and elegant language. He avoided importing Latin terms into German and strove for rhetorically powerful German. He adopted several of Erasmus’s philological interventions, though not uncritically. Luther worked continuously to make his German New Testament embody what he saw as the essential gospel.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221140034
Marijke H. de Lang
{"title":"Five Hundred Years of Martin Luther’s September Testament","authors":"Marijke H. de Lang","doi":"10.1177/20516770221140034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221140034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"46 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116271905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221140051
Anja Lobenstein-Reichmann
Translation has often been the primary cultural medium through which history’s greatest visions for society have been communicated and acculturated. But few translations have had as much influence on German religion, politics, culture, and language as Luther’s Bible translation did. This article discusses Luther’s role as a reformer of language and as a Bible translator. Of course these two roles can scarcely be considered independently of each other. The Reformation was deeply marked by his translation choices, and his distinctive way of reading, interpreting, and communicating the Bible’s meaning.
{"title":"Luther’s Contribution as Bible Translator to the German Language","authors":"Anja Lobenstein-Reichmann","doi":"10.1177/20516770221140051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221140051","url":null,"abstract":"Translation has often been the primary cultural medium through which history’s greatest visions for society have been communicated and acculturated. But few translations have had as much influence on German religion, politics, culture, and language as Luther’s Bible translation did. This article discusses Luther’s role as a reformer of language and as a Bible translator. Of course these two roles can scarcely be considered independently of each other. The Reformation was deeply marked by his translation choices, and his distinctive way of reading, interpreting, and communicating the Bible’s meaning.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116864221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221137824
Martin Leutzsch
With his Greek New Testament and accompanying Latin translation (1516, revised 1519), humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam created new opportunities for Western Bible translators. The first known translations into the vernacular based on this work are the versions of Matthew by Johannes Lang (June 1521) and of the whole New Testament by Martin Luther (September 1522). Luther’s Septembertestament is well known and plays a part in myths of Luther, Protestantism, and Bible translation. Johannes Lang, Luther’s friend, colleague, and co-worker in reforming the church, is much less known, and his translation seldom considered. This analysis of both translations pays special attention to their respective paratextual materials. Although based on the same source texts, these two translations from the early 1520s perform very different politics of translation and exhibit different attitudes to influence their readers.
鹿特丹的人文主义者伊拉斯谟(Erasmus of Rotterdam)的希腊文新约和拉丁文译本(1516年，1519年修订)为西方圣经译者创造了新的机会。最早根据这部作品翻译成白话的译本是约翰内斯·朗的《马太福音》(1521年6月)和马丁·路德的《新约全书》(1522年9月)。路德的九月遗嘱是众所周知的，在路德的神话、新教和圣经翻译中起着重要作用。约翰内斯·朗，路德的朋友，同事，改革教会的同事，鲜为人知，他的翻译很少被考虑。这种对两种译本的分析特别关注它们各自的意指材料。尽管基于相同的源文本，但这两个1520年代早期的译本表现出截然不同的翻译政治，并表现出不同的态度来影响读者。
{"title":"The First Bible Translations into German Based on Erasmus’s New Testament: Johannes Lang’s and Martin Luther’s Versions of the Gospel of Matthew","authors":"Martin Leutzsch","doi":"10.1177/20516770221137824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221137824","url":null,"abstract":"With his Greek New Testament and accompanying Latin translation (1516, revised 1519), humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam created new opportunities for Western Bible translators. The first known translations into the vernacular based on this work are the versions of Matthew by Johannes Lang (June 1521) and of the whole New Testament by Martin Luther (September 1522). Luther’s Septembertestament is well known and plays a part in myths of Luther, Protestantism, and Bible translation. Johannes Lang, Luther’s friend, colleague, and co-worker in reforming the church, is much less known, and his translation seldom considered. This analysis of both translations pays special attention to their respective paratextual materials. Although based on the same source texts, these two translations from the early 1520s perform very different politics of translation and exhibit different attitudes to influence their readers.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126501274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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