Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221108461
E. B. Ebojo
In his The New Testament: A Translation, David Bentley Hart uses the term “critical text” to describe the Greek text he used as the initial textual base for his translation. However, he also integrated into this critical text readings from the Majority Text, setting them in single square brackets. As a result, Hart describes the source text behind his translation as “an approximation to an ideal version of the [NT] text that in actuality we shall never be able to identify entirely.” This paper investigates Hart's claims about the Greek text underlying his translation, and explores what implications his translation presents to those who are involved in Bible translation, specifically in the area of identifying the textual base for their NT translation projects.
{"title":"The “Ideal Version of the Text”: A Text-Critical Review of the Greek Text behind David Bentley Hart's New Testament","authors":"E. B. Ebojo","doi":"10.1177/20516770221108461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221108461","url":null,"abstract":"In his The New Testament: A Translation, David Bentley Hart uses the term “critical text” to describe the Greek text he used as the initial textual base for his translation. However, he also integrated into this critical text readings from the Majority Text, setting them in single square brackets. As a result, Hart describes the source text behind his translation as “an approximation to an ideal version of the [NT] text that in actuality we shall never be able to identify entirely.” This paper investigates Hart's claims about the Greek text underlying his translation, and explores what implications his translation presents to those who are involved in Bible translation, specifically in the area of identifying the textual base for their NT translation projects.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221105876
M. M. Kobimbo
The first part of this study (TBT 72[1]: 50–60) reviewed the history of the rendering of the key term יהוה YHWH in Bible translations into Dholuo (spoken in southwestern Kenya and northwestern Tanzania). This second part considers the translation of this key term within the context of modern Dholuo language and culture. The different renderings in two existing translations are analyzed and put in the broader perspective of Bible translation in Africa. Finally, the paper proposes a rendering for יהוה that does justice to the Dholuo culture and tradition, while maintaining the specific characteristics that are present in the source text.
{"title":"The Translation of יהוה: Part 2, The Case of Dholuo","authors":"M. M. Kobimbo","doi":"10.1177/20516770221105876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221105876","url":null,"abstract":"The first part of this study (TBT 72[1]: 50–60) reviewed the history of the rendering of the key term יהוה YHWH in Bible translations into Dholuo (spoken in southwestern Kenya and northwestern Tanzania). This second part considers the translation of this key term within the context of modern Dholuo language and culture. The different renderings in two existing translations are analyzed and put in the broader perspective of Bible translation in Africa. Finally, the paper proposes a rendering for יהוה that does justice to the Dholuo culture and tradition, while maintaining the specific characteristics that are present in the source text.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121992079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221084993
Martha L. Wade
Many translation projects begin typesetting almost immediately after a “final read through” which may come six months to a year after the final book is checked by a consultant. For some groups, however, following this standard methodology leaves them with an uneven translation that has been produced over several decades and checked by a variety of consultants. In one group, the translation was described as being like a road with potholes. In this paper, the methodology and results of using prepublication recording in two languages of Papua New Guinea will be examined and the impact of distributing prepublication recordings will be described. There is no doubt that prepublication recording is not an “efficient” process. It is expensive and time-consuming, but the resulting improvement in the translation makes it worth the effort.
{"title":"Taking the Potholes out of the Road: Prepublication Recording as a Means of Editing in Oral Preference Cultures","authors":"Martha L. Wade","doi":"10.1177/20516770221084993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221084993","url":null,"abstract":"Many translation projects begin typesetting almost immediately after a “final read through” which may come six months to a year after the final book is checked by a consultant. For some groups, however, following this standard methodology leaves them with an uneven translation that has been produced over several decades and checked by a variety of consultants. In one group, the translation was described as being like a road with potholes. In this paper, the methodology and results of using prepublication recording in two languages of Papua New Guinea will be examined and the impact of distributing prepublication recordings will be described. There is no doubt that prepublication recording is not an “efficient” process. It is expensive and time-consuming, but the resulting improvement in the translation makes it worth the effort.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121558002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770211066935
J. Dickie
The Psalms were composed for oral performance, and many today believe they should be restored to their performance vitality. “Translation for performance” requires many concepts to be considered, one of which is how the audience (or receptor community) will use the translated text. In the case of translating poetry, these considerations often point to the value of literary-rhetorical translation, which captures the poetical beauty and persuasive power of the original. Also, translating from an oral text and following the form of local poetic genres facilitates ready application of psalms. In this paper, empirical studies illustrate some ways in which psalms have been used recently with communities in South Africa: in corporate worship, in personal prayer, and with sectoral groups. Translators need constantly to keep their eye on the end game, to ensure the translated psalms facilitate a living conversation between people and God, as the ancient poems did.
{"title":"Translating Psalms for Performance and Their Use in Various Ministries within the Church: Examples from South Africa","authors":"J. Dickie","doi":"10.1177/20516770211066935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770211066935","url":null,"abstract":"The Psalms were composed for oral performance, and many today believe they should be restored to their performance vitality. “Translation for performance” requires many concepts to be considered, one of which is how the audience (or receptor community) will use the translated text. In the case of translating poetry, these considerations often point to the value of literary-rhetorical translation, which captures the poetical beauty and persuasive power of the original. Also, translating from an oral text and following the form of local poetic genres facilitates ready application of psalms. In this paper, empirical studies illustrate some ways in which psalms have been used recently with communities in South Africa: in corporate worship, in personal prayer, and with sectoral groups. Translators need constantly to keep their eye on the end game, to ensure the translated psalms facilitate a living conversation between people and God, as the ancient poems did.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121243456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770211066937
Patricia Krayer
God made an incredible promise to Hagar in Gen 16.12; however, the beauty of the promise gets lost in translation. Our English Bibles typically render this promise in a pejorative manner, which has led to centuries of stigmatizing Arabs, primarily Muslim Arabs. The polyvalence of the Hebrew in the verse opens the door for significantly different renderings of God’s promise. Thus, the assumptions translators bring to the text can easily shape their understandings. This paper works through the Hebrew and proposes a suitable alternative to traditional renderings, one that is sensitive to the immediate narrative context and to the broader biblical record. Fresh reflection on this verse can lead to corrected translations and the intentional elimination of any sacred justification for this stigmatization.
{"title":"God’s Promise to Hagar in Genesis 16: Rethinking a Problematic Text","authors":"Patricia Krayer","doi":"10.1177/20516770211066937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770211066937","url":null,"abstract":"God made an incredible promise to Hagar in Gen 16.12; however, the beauty of the promise gets lost in translation. Our English Bibles typically render this promise in a pejorative manner, which has led to centuries of stigmatizing Arabs, primarily Muslim Arabs. The polyvalence of the Hebrew in the verse opens the door for significantly different renderings of God’s promise. Thus, the assumptions translators bring to the text can easily shape their understandings. This paper works through the Hebrew and proposes a suitable alternative to traditional renderings, one that is sensitive to the immediate narrative context and to the broader biblical record. Fresh reflection on this verse can lead to corrected translations and the intentional elimination of any sacred justification for this stigmatization.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133870366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221085245
Richard Pleijel
This book, originally published in Dutch, describes the making of the 2014 Dutch translation Bijbel in Gewone Taal (“The Bible in plain language”; Netherlands Bible Society). The translation was done in seven years by a group of twelve translators. The book sets out by claiming somewhat boldly that the Bijbel in Gewone Taal (BGT) is “the clearest translation of the Bible ever made in Dutch” (vii). As the title of the book already suggests, a defining feature of BGT is its use of plain language, that is, language that uses “well-known words” (27), and which may thus be understood by an average reader. Presumably, the effect of this is that BGT can be more easily understood by the average reader compared to older Dutch translations, since these either are less idiomatic or tend to have a higher rate of theological or typically “biblical” language. This book therefore claims that BGT presents something fundamentally new to the Dutch public. Chapter 1 is a presentation of the general ideas behind BGT. The chapter outlines the main principle of the translation, which is described as “the norm of clarity and comprehensibility” (16; emphasis removed). Chapter 2 consists of a number of arguments for the use of plain language. This includes a thorough discussion and definition of what plain language is, and of how to use it. Departing from contemporary linguistic research, the author states that plain language is not something subjective, but that it can be objectively and statistically defined. In its essence, plain language
这本书最初以荷兰语出版，描述了2014年荷兰语翻译Bijbel in Gewone Taal的过程(“通俗的圣经”;荷兰圣经协会)。这部翻译是由12名译者历时7年完成的。这本书大胆地宣称，Gewone Taal (BGT)的Bijbel是“荷兰语中最清晰的圣经翻译”(vii)。正如这本书的标题已经表明的那样，BGT的一个决定性特征是它使用了简单的语言，也就是说，使用了“众所周知的单词”(27)，因此可以被普通读者理解。据推测，这样做的结果是，与旧的荷兰语译本相比，普通读者更容易理解英国英语译本，因为这些译本要么不太习惯，要么往往有更高比例的神学或典型的“圣经”语言。因此，这本书声称英国达人给荷兰公众带来了一些全新的东西。第一章介绍了BGT背后的一般思想。本章概述了翻译的主要原则，这被描述为“清晰易懂的规范”(16;强调了)。第二章包含了一些关于使用平实语言的论证。这包括对什么是朴素语言以及如何使用它的彻底讨论和定义。作者从当代语言学研究出发，指出平实语言不是主观的东西，而是可以客观、统计地定义的。从本质上讲，就是平实的语言
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770211062143
Timothy Hatcher, S. Son
Members of multilingual communities conceptualize language differently from the way monolinguals do. Most Bible agencies model monolingual approaches to engaging with the Bible. Some agencies emphasize gateway languages while others highlight vernacular languages. Many multilinguals prefer an unbounded, performative approach to languages that reflects their dynamic, hybridized identities; one term for this is translanguaging. Translanguagers make meaning by using words from their full linguistic repertoire. Using translanguaging theory and methodologies, Bible agencies can model Scripture engagement approaches that more naturally correspond to the language practices of many multilinguals.
{"title":"Translanguaging: Leveraging Multilingualism for Scripture Engagement","authors":"Timothy Hatcher, S. Son","doi":"10.1177/20516770211062143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770211062143","url":null,"abstract":"Members of multilingual communities conceptualize language differently from the way monolinguals do. Most Bible agencies model monolingual approaches to engaging with the Bible. Some agencies emphasize gateway languages while others highlight vernacular languages. Many multilinguals prefer an unbounded, performative approach to languages that reflects their dynamic, hybridized identities; one term for this is translanguaging. Translanguagers make meaning by using words from their full linguistic repertoire. Using translanguaging theory and methodologies, Bible agencies can model Scripture engagement approaches that more naturally correspond to the language practices of many multilinguals.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130884079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770211004682
Stephen Pattemore
Bible translation in Urak Lawoi’ began with linguistic work in the late 1960s. The Gospel of Mark was first published in 1976 and the New Testament in 1998. The Old Testament, though almost complete, was still in the checking phase in 2018. Those raw data reveal time to be one of the primary players in the drama. Time has impacted the agency of translation and its purpose, its cultural context, and even its medium. But contrary to current efficiency-based presuppositions and product-oriented drive, the result is not all bad. In the process the task has become rather a journey where the companionship is as important as the goal. This paper reflects on the exigencies of time and cultural shift over half a century of Bible translation in Urak Lawoi’.
{"title":"The Ever-Rolling Stream: How Time Subverts “Translation for” into “Journeying with”: Half a Century of Bible Translation in Urak Lawoi’","authors":"Stephen Pattemore","doi":"10.1177/20516770211004682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770211004682","url":null,"abstract":"Bible translation in Urak Lawoi’ began with linguistic work in the late 1960s. The Gospel of Mark was first published in 1976 and the New Testament in 1998. The Old Testament, though almost complete, was still in the checking phase in 2018. Those raw data reveal time to be one of the primary players in the drama. Time has impacted the agency of translation and its purpose, its cultural context, and even its medium. But contrary to current efficiency-based presuppositions and product-oriented drive, the result is not all bad. In the process the task has become rather a journey where the companionship is as important as the goal. This paper reflects on the exigencies of time and cultural shift over half a century of Bible translation in Urak Lawoi’.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"77 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114023099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20516770221089224
Brigitte Rabarijaona
This exploration of island identity considers the island of Madagascar, not as an ideology or mythology, but as a country with its distinctive geographical situation and environment, a reality which shapes the culture, language, and identity of its people. After highlighting different aspects of island identity in the context of Madagascar, the paper explores how this is reflected in the language and culture, and in Bible translation.
{"title":"Island Identity in the Malagasy Bible Translation","authors":"Brigitte Rabarijaona","doi":"10.1177/20516770221089224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770221089224","url":null,"abstract":"This exploration of island identity considers the island of Madagascar, not as an ideology or mythology, but as a country with its distinctive geographical situation and environment, a reality which shapes the culture, language, and identity of its people. After highlighting different aspects of island identity in the context of Madagascar, the paper explores how this is reflected in the language and culture, and in Bible translation.","PeriodicalId":354951,"journal":{"name":"The Bible Translator","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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