SUDESHNA TIKAIT, K. S. SAINI, JAGMOHAN KAUR, PRABHJIT KAUR
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to study the effect of varied seed rate and 3% foliar nitrogen application at different stages on productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) green manure basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) (T) wheat cropping. The treatments consisted of T1 recommended seed rate (100 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 days after sowing (DAS), T2 (45–50 DAS) and T3 (60 65 DAS); T4 (10% reduced seed rate (90 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T5 (45 50 DAS) and T6 (60–65 DAS); T7 (20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T8 (45–50 DAS), T9 (60–65 DAS) and T10 (control). The treatments were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Significantly higher number of tillers (390.3 grains/pike (39.3), longer spike length (11.9 cm) were obtained from treatment T9 . Similarly, higher grain yield (5.41 t/ha), net returns (99,760/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.33) were recorded with treatment (T9 ). Thus 20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar nitrogen application at 60 65 DAS claimed better management practices in achieving higher yield, yield attributes and net returns.
{"title":"Influence of seed rate and foliar nitrogen on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in green manure basmati rice (Oryza sativa) wheat cropping system","authors":"SUDESHNA TIKAIT, K. S. SAINI, JAGMOHAN KAUR, PRABHJIT KAUR","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to study the effect of varied seed rate and 3% foliar nitrogen application at different stages on productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) green manure basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) (T) wheat cropping. The treatments consisted of T1 recommended seed rate (100 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 days after sowing (DAS), T2 (45–50 DAS) and T3 (60 65 DAS); T4 (10% reduced seed rate (90 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T5 (45 50 DAS) and T6 (60–65 DAS); T7 (20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T8 (45–50 DAS), T9 (60–65 DAS) and T10 (control). The treatments were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Significantly higher number of tillers (390.3 grains/pike (39.3), longer spike length (11.9 cm) were obtained from treatment T9 . Similarly, higher grain yield (5.41 t/ha), net returns (99,760/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.33) were recorded with treatment (T9 ). Thus 20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar nitrogen application at 60 65 DAS claimed better management practices in achieving higher yield, yield attributes and net returns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 to 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan to develop natural and organic nutrient management technologies for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to improve soil health and income security of the farmers. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. 100% N-FYM fb 10% cow urine (CU) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 50% N-FYM + 50% N-Vermicompost (VC) fb 10% vermiwash (VW) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 100% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb 10% cow urine spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS; and ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS, in a randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. A critical examination of 5 years results revealed that significantly higher plant height (66.01 cm), tillers/plant (8.57), dry weight /meter row length (77.20 g), effective tillers/meter row length (80.60), ear length (8.93 cm), seeds/ear (44.90), test weight (41.90 g), seed yield (3756 kg/ha) and gross returns (`100,605/ha) of wheat were obtained under the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS over ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and on par with rest of treatments in pooled analysis. However, net returns (`63,020/ha) and B:C ratio (1.77) of wheat were obtained significantly higher under application of 75% N-FYM+ NPK consortia @1,250 ml/ha as a soil fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. Result on soil health improvement revealed that significantly higher organic carbon (0.66%), available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur (63.94, 432.8 and 28.21 kg/ha, respectively) and available zinc (0.90 mg/kg) were recorded with the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS.
{"title":"Potential organic nutrient management practices for wheat (Triticum aestivum) in south-eastern Rajasthan","authors":"B.S. MEENA, GAJENDRA NAGAR, SUSHEELA KALWANIYA, R.K. YADAV","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5454","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 to 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan to develop natural and organic nutrient management technologies for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to improve soil health and income security of the farmers. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. 100% N-FYM fb 10% cow urine (CU) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 50% N-FYM + 50% N-Vermicompost (VC) fb 10% vermiwash (VW) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 100% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb 10% cow urine spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS; and ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS, in a randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. A critical examination of 5 years results revealed that significantly higher plant height (66.01 cm), tillers/plant (8.57), dry weight /meter row length (77.20 g), effective tillers/meter row length (80.60), ear length (8.93 cm), seeds/ear (44.90), test weight (41.90 g), seed yield (3756 kg/ha) and gross returns (`100,605/ha) of wheat were obtained under the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS over ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and on par with rest of treatments in pooled analysis. However, net returns (`63,020/ha) and B:C ratio (1.77) of wheat were obtained significantly higher under application of 75% N-FYM+ NPK consortia @1,250 ml/ha as a soil fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. Result on soil health improvement revealed that significantly higher organic carbon (0.66%), available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur (63.94, 432.8 and 28.21 kg/ha, respectively) and available zinc (0.90 mg/kg) were recorded with the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUDESHNA TIKAIT, K. S. SAINI, JAGMOHAN KAUR, PRABHJIT KAUR
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to study the effect of varied seed rate and 3% foliar nitrogen application at different stages on productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) green manure basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) (T) wheat cropping. The treatments consisted of T1 recommended seed rate (100 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 days after sowing (DAS), T2 (45–50 DAS) and T3 (60 65 DAS); T4 (10% reduced seed rate (90 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T5 (45 50 DAS) and T6 (60–65 DAS); T7 (20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T8 (45–50 DAS), T9 (60–65 DAS) and T10 (control). The treatments were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Significantly higher number of tillers (390.3 grains/pike (39.3), longer spike length (11.9 cm) were obtained from treatment T9 . Similarly, higher grain yield (5.41 t/ha), net returns (99,760/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.33) were recorded with treatment (T9 ). Thus 20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar nitrogen application at 60 65 DAS claimed better management practices in achieving higher yield, yield attributes and net returns.
{"title":"Influence of seed rate and foliar nitrogen on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in green manure basmati rice (Oryza sativa) wheat cropping system","authors":"SUDESHNA TIKAIT, K. S. SAINI, JAGMOHAN KAUR, PRABHJIT KAUR","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to study the effect of varied seed rate and 3% foliar nitrogen application at different stages on productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) green manure basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) (T) wheat cropping. The treatments consisted of T1 recommended seed rate (100 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 days after sowing (DAS), T2 (45–50 DAS) and T3 (60 65 DAS); T4 (10% reduced seed rate (90 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T5 (45 50 DAS) and T6 (60–65 DAS); T7 (20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar N application at 21 25 DAS), T8 (45–50 DAS), T9 (60–65 DAS) and T10 (control). The treatments were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Significantly higher number of tillers (390.3 grains/pike (39.3), longer spike length (11.9 cm) were obtained from treatment T9 . Similarly, higher grain yield (5.41 t/ha), net returns (99,760/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.33) were recorded with treatment (T9 ). Thus 20% reduced seed rate (80 kg/ha) with 3% foliar nitrogen application at 60 65 DAS claimed better management practices in achieving higher yield, yield attributes and net returns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2020 at research farm of Badghis Institute of Higher Education, Badghis, Afghanistan to evaluate the effect of phosphorus levels and varieties on yield and yield attributes of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The experiment was comprised 2, viz. varieties ‘Mai 08’ and ‘Nayab 98’ of mung bean with 4 phosphorus levels, viz. control, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 /ha. The results revealed that, mung bean crop fertilized with 80 kg/ha P2 O5 gave the maximum branches/plant (6.4), pods/plant (24.88), pod length (6.28), seeds/ plant (243.3), 1,000-grain weight (32.74), grain yield (1230.43 kg/ha), and harvest index (39.42). Phosphorus @ 80 kg P2 O5 /ha was found more economical for getting higher grain yield of mung bean crop. The maximum and higher number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 1,000-grain weight, grain yield kg/ ha, and harvest index were recorded with ‘Mai 08’ variety
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus levels and varieties on yield and yield attributes of mung bean (Vigna radiata) in climate condition of Badghis, Afghanistan","authors":"MOHIBULLAH SAMIM, SHAMSULHAQ SHAMS, KAPILA SHEKHAWAT","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5472","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2020 at research farm of Badghis Institute of Higher Education, Badghis, Afghanistan to evaluate the effect of phosphorus levels and varieties on yield and yield attributes of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The experiment was comprised 2, viz. varieties ‘Mai 08’ and ‘Nayab 98’ of mung bean with 4 phosphorus levels, viz. control, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 /ha. The results revealed that, mung bean crop fertilized with 80 kg/ha P2 O5 gave the maximum branches/plant (6.4), pods/plant (24.88), pod length (6.28), seeds/ plant (243.3), 1,000-grain weight (32.74), grain yield (1230.43 kg/ha), and harvest index (39.42). Phosphorus @ 80 kg P2 O5 /ha was found more economical for getting higher grain yield of mung bean crop. The maximum and higher number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 1,000-grain weight, grain yield kg/ ha, and harvest index were recorded with ‘Mai 08’ variety\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.P. SAHU, ML KEWAT, A.K. JHA, V.K. CHOUDHARY, BADAL VERMA, JITENDRA PATIDAR, VIKASH SINGH, PRATIK SANODIYA
Chickpea is a major pulse crop which is grown and consumed by the Indian people. Due to poor weed competition ability of chickpea and very few weed management options, yield of chickpea is drastically reduced under vertisols. Therefore, the present study related to weed management and crop residues on weed incidence, yield attributing character and yield of chickpea was conducted at Research Farm of JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP), India. A field experiment was undertaken in split plot design with 3 replications and 4 weed-management treatment in main-plot and four crop residues as sub-plot. The main plot treatments were pendimethalin 38.7% CS at 1 kg/ha as pre plant incorporation (PPI), hand weeding at 30 days after sowing (DAS), hand hoeing at 30 DAS and weedy check. Four crop residues mulch (CRM) were, wheat straw (WSM), paddy straw (PSM) and soybean haulm (SHM) each at 5 t/ha and control where no mulch material was applied. Results revealed that imposition of hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with least weeds with lesser weed biomass resulting in higher weed control efficiency (WCE). However, weedy check recorded maximum weed count and dry weight. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha recorded lower weed prevalence and weed dry weight. It was similar to hand hoeing done at 30 DAS. Among applied CRM, PSM recorded lower weed density and dry weight with higher WCE and soil moisture at 30 DAS and was superior over control plots. Hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with higher yield attributing traits viz, pods/plant, seed/pod and seed index resulted higher seed yield (1,604 and 1,731 kg/ha respectively in 2018–19 and 2019–20). It was at par with pendimethalin at 1 kg/ha. The lower yield attributes and yield was recorded in weedy check plots. Among CRM, spreading of PSM give more pods and seeds/pod with higher seed index resulted in higher seed yield (1515 and 1593 kg/ha in 2018–19 and 2019–20 respectively) over others. Thus, application of PSM at 5 t/ha with one hand weeding at 30 DAS or with pendimethalin can be suggested for significant weed control and higher seed yield in chickpea.
{"title":"Effect of crop residue and weed management on weed incidence, soil moisture and yield of chickpea","authors":"M.P. SAHU, ML KEWAT, A.K. JHA, V.K. CHOUDHARY, BADAL VERMA, JITENDRA PATIDAR, VIKASH SINGH, PRATIK SANODIYA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5463","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Chickpea is a major pulse crop which is grown and consumed by the Indian people. Due to poor weed competition ability of chickpea and very few weed management options, yield of chickpea is drastically reduced under vertisols. Therefore, the present study related to weed management and crop residues on weed incidence, yield attributing character and yield of chickpea was conducted at Research Farm of JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP), India. A field experiment was undertaken in split plot design with 3 replications and 4 weed-management treatment in main-plot and four crop residues as sub-plot. The main plot treatments were pendimethalin 38.7% CS at 1 kg/ha as pre plant incorporation (PPI), hand weeding at 30 days after sowing (DAS), hand hoeing at 30 DAS and weedy check. Four crop residues mulch (CRM) were, wheat straw (WSM), paddy straw (PSM) and soybean haulm (SHM) each at 5 t/ha and control where no mulch material was applied. Results revealed that imposition of hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with least weeds with lesser weed biomass resulting in higher weed control efficiency (WCE). However, weedy check recorded maximum weed count and dry weight. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha recorded lower weed prevalence and weed dry weight. It was similar to hand hoeing done at 30 DAS. Among applied CRM, PSM recorded lower weed density and dry weight with higher WCE and soil moisture at 30 DAS and was superior over control plots. Hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with higher yield attributing traits viz, pods/plant, seed/pod and seed index resulted higher seed yield (1,604 and 1,731 kg/ha respectively in 2018–19 and 2019–20). It was at par with pendimethalin at 1 kg/ha. The lower yield attributes and yield was recorded in weedy check plots. Among CRM, spreading of PSM give more pods and seeds/pod with higher seed index resulted in higher seed yield (1515 and 1593 kg/ha in 2018–19 and 2019–20 respectively) over others. Thus, application of PSM at 5 t/ha with one hand weeding at 30 DAS or with pendimethalin can be suggested for significant weed control and higher seed yield in chickpea.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2019–20 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the influence of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw incorporation and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of potato and onion (Allium cepa L.) in direct-seeded rice (DSR)-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)–onion cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, consisting of 4 rice residue and nutrientapplication treatments in potato in main plots and 4 nutrient application treatments in onion in subplots, replicated 4 times. Results showed that, growth and yield-attributing characters of potato increased significantly with the incorporation of rice residue and application of FYM. Tuber yield (34.0 t/ha) as well as nutrient uptake was significantly higher when rice residue was incorporated with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50 t/ha FYM in potato. Growth and yield attributes of onion were significantly higher with the application of 100% (RDF) + 50 t/ ha FYM along with the incorporation of rice residue in preceding potato and among the nutrient application treatments in onion, 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM treatment was significantly superior to rest of the treatments. Significantly higher bulb yield was also obtained under these treatments. The interaction between rice residue and nutrient-management treatments in potato and nutrient-application treatments in onion was significant for bulb yield of onion, which was significantly higher with the combination of 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM treatment in onion when rice residue was incorporated with 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM in preceding potato (35.8 t/ha) than all other treatment combinations, but it was statistically at par with the application of 100% RDF alone in onion when preceding potato received the same level of nutrients. Thus, in DSR-potato–onion cropping system, 50 t FYM/ha could be saved in onion crop when previous potato crop was supplied with 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM along with rice– residue incorporation without any yield reduction.
{"title":"Influence of rice straw incorporation and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and onion (Allium cepa) under rice (Oryza sativa)–potato-onion cropping system","authors":"Reetika, JAGMOHAN KAUR, THAKAR SINGH, K.S. SAINI","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5465","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during 2019–20 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the influence of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw incorporation and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of potato and onion (Allium cepa L.) in direct-seeded rice (DSR)-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)–onion cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, consisting of 4 rice residue and nutrientapplication treatments in potato in main plots and 4 nutrient application treatments in onion in subplots, replicated 4 times. Results showed that, growth and yield-attributing characters of potato increased significantly with the incorporation of rice residue and application of FYM. Tuber yield (34.0 t/ha) as well as nutrient uptake was significantly higher when rice residue was incorporated with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50 t/ha FYM in potato. Growth and yield attributes of onion were significantly higher with the application of 100% (RDF) + 50 t/ ha FYM along with the incorporation of rice residue in preceding potato and among the nutrient application treatments in onion, 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM treatment was significantly superior to rest of the treatments. Significantly higher bulb yield was also obtained under these treatments. The interaction between rice residue and nutrient-management treatments in potato and nutrient-application treatments in onion was significant for bulb yield of onion, which was significantly higher with the combination of 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM treatment in onion when rice residue was incorporated with 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM in preceding potato (35.8 t/ha) than all other treatment combinations, but it was statistically at par with the application of 100% RDF alone in onion when preceding potato received the same level of nutrients. Thus, in DSR-potato–onion cropping system, 50 t FYM/ha could be saved in onion crop when previous potato crop was supplied with 100% RDF + 50 t/ha FYM along with rice– residue incorporation without any yield reduction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SHIVAM KUMAR, PRATIK SANODIYA, A K JHA, M.P. SAHU, BADAL VERMA
A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021 at Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weeds, productivity and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 2, 4- D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in to lesser weed density and weed dry weight of Physalis minima Roem. & Schult, Chenopodium album (L.), Melilotus indicus (L.) and Cichorium intybus (L.) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha at 60 DAS, with higher weed control efficiency (77.3 %) and lesser weed index (34.9 %). At 60 DAS, 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP (applied @1250 g/ha at 25 DAS) produced higher plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant dry-matter over other treatments except weed free and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS recorded higher number of cobs, number of kernels, number of kernels/row and seed index as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha. Higher kernel (3.7 t/ha) and stover yield (4.7 t/ha) of maize was recorded due to application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS with higher harvest index (44.5%) and monetary returns (62.5 × 103 `/ha) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha.
{"title":"Effect of 2, 4-D sodium salt on weeds, growth and yields in rabi maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"SHIVAM KUMAR, PRATIK SANODIYA, A K JHA, M.P. SAHU, BADAL VERMA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5466","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021 at Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weeds, productivity and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 2, 4- D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in to lesser weed density and weed dry weight of Physalis minima Roem. & Schult, Chenopodium album (L.), Melilotus indicus (L.) and Cichorium intybus (L.) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha at 60 DAS, with higher weed control efficiency (77.3 %) and lesser weed index (34.9 %). At 60 DAS, 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP (applied @1250 g/ha at 25 DAS) produced higher plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant dry-matter over other treatments except weed free and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS recorded higher number of cobs, number of kernels, number of kernels/row and seed index as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha. Higher kernel (3.7 t/ha) and stover yield (4.7 t/ha) of maize was recorded due to application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS with higher harvest index (44.5%) and monetary returns (62.5 × 103 `/ha) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 to 2018–19 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh to assess the potential yield (PY), sustainability and resource use efficiency (RUE) of 7 cropping systems (CS), viz. maize + blackgram–pea–sorghum; cluster beanwheat-teosinte; stylo-berseem-maize + cowpea; clitoria-mustard–greengram; rice–chickpea–okra; rice–wheat and sugarcane–wheat system. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Among the different cropping systems, rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)–okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was found to be most superior in terms of wheat equivalent yield (WEY) (19.77 t/ha/year) and sustainable yield index (SYI=0.894). The highest land use efficiency (LUE) was recorded with cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–teosinte (Zea spp.) cropping system (95.16%) with 347 days of ground cover. Production efficiency was registered maximum with maize (Zea mays L.) + blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] system (66.91 kg/ha/ day), followed by rice–chickpea–okra system (62.25 kg/ha/day). Nevertheless, the highest net return (` 300.8×103 / year) was realized with rice–chickpea–okra system. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) content was highest (1.34%) under stylo-berseem- maize + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping system in comparison to other cropping systems. Thus, it can be concluded that rice–chickpea–okra system proved more productive, remunerative (` 824/ha/day) and sustainable cropping system than the existing sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)–wheat/ rice–wheat cropping system in the western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, India.
{"title":"Evaluation of food and fodder based cropping systems for sustaining productivity, resource use efficiency and profitability in western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"L.R. MEENA, SAMRATH LAL MEENA, LALIT KUMAR, NATARAJA SUBASH PILLAI, T. RAM","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5462","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 to 2018–19 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh to assess the potential yield (PY), sustainability and resource use efficiency (RUE) of 7 cropping systems (CS), viz. maize + blackgram–pea–sorghum; cluster beanwheat-teosinte; stylo-berseem-maize + cowpea; clitoria-mustard–greengram; rice–chickpea–okra; rice–wheat and sugarcane–wheat system. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Among the different cropping systems, rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)–okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was found to be most superior in terms of wheat equivalent yield (WEY) (19.77 t/ha/year) and sustainable yield index (SYI=0.894). The highest land use efficiency (LUE) was recorded with cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–teosinte (Zea spp.) cropping system (95.16%) with 347 days of ground cover. Production efficiency was registered maximum with maize (Zea mays L.) + blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] system (66.91 kg/ha/ day), followed by rice–chickpea–okra system (62.25 kg/ha/day). Nevertheless, the highest net return (` 300.8×103 / year) was realized with rice–chickpea–okra system. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) content was highest (1.34%) under stylo-berseem- maize + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping system in comparison to other cropping systems. Thus, it can be concluded that rice–chickpea–okra system proved more productive, remunerative (` 824/ha/day) and sustainable cropping system than the existing sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)–wheat/ rice–wheat cropping system in the western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, India.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RAJIB KUNDU, RATNESWAR PODDAR, ARUP SEN, ARINDAM SARKAR, DIBAKAR GHOSH
A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, during 3 consecutive summer seasons of 2017, 2018 and 2019, to find out the influence of varietal differences and nutrient-management practices on crop productivity, soil fertility and economics in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Higher crop growth and yield were recorded under variety ‘TAG 24’; and 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with Rhizobium inoculation resulted higher growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut followed by 100% RDF + Rhizobium inoculation. The nutrient (N, P and K) availability in soil after harvesting was also higher under ‘TAG 24’ variety with 125% RDF + Rhizobium. However, interaction effect of crop variety and fertilizer treatment was found insignificant. The pooled analysis of economics revealed that, higher benefit: cost ratio (2.73) was obtained under ‘TAG 24’ in combination with 100% RDF+ Rhizobium.
{"title":"Effect of varietal selection and nutrient management on productivity, soil fertility and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)","authors":"RAJIB KUNDU, RATNESWAR PODDAR, ARUP SEN, ARINDAM SARKAR, DIBAKAR GHOSH","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5461","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, during 3 consecutive summer seasons of 2017, 2018 and 2019, to find out the influence of varietal differences and nutrient-management practices on crop productivity, soil fertility and economics in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Higher crop growth and yield were recorded under variety ‘TAG 24’; and 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with Rhizobium inoculation resulted higher growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut followed by 100% RDF + Rhizobium inoculation. The nutrient (N, P and K) availability in soil after harvesting was also higher under ‘TAG 24’ variety with 125% RDF + Rhizobium. However, interaction effect of crop variety and fertilizer treatment was found insignificant. The pooled analysis of economics revealed that, higher benefit: cost ratio (2.73) was obtained under ‘TAG 24’ in combination with 100% RDF+ Rhizobium.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large-scale field trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India, during 2004–15 on a fixed site, to study the effect of different organic farming practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under inorganic and integrated nutrient-management practices. The trial consisted of 5 treatments, viz. T1 , Organic [75% N through organic manures + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T2, organic [100% N through organic manure + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T3 , integrated nutrient management [50% N through organic manures + 50% RDF + integrated PP measures]; T4 , inorganic treatment [recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) alone + inorganic PP measures]; and T5 , recommended practice (RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + integrated PP measures). The rice variety ‘Abilash’ was grown during the rainy (kharif) season with these treatments. At the end of 12th year, i.e. during 2015, the grain yield recorded in treatment T2 (6.418 t/ha) was the maximum and was found on a par with T5 (6.328 t/ha). How-ever, the straw yield was the maximum in T5 (7.577 t/ha), being at par with T2 (7.494 t/ha). The net returns realized were significantly highest with treatment T2 (`41,045/ha) compared to all the other treatments. The soil organic carbon (0.77%), available major (221.2, 22.0 and 67.0 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively) and micro-nutrients (515.5, 100.8, 5.6 ppm of calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively and 7.6 kg/ha of sulphur) were also higher with treatment T2 .
{"title":"Organic farming practices in rainfed lowland rice in hill zone of Karnataka, India","authors":"K. MANJAPPA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5452","url":null,"abstract":"A large-scale field trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India, during 2004–15 on a fixed site, to study the effect of different organic farming practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under inorganic and integrated nutrient-management practices. The trial consisted of 5 treatments, viz. T1 , Organic [75% N through organic manures + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T2, organic [100% N through organic manure + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T3 , integrated nutrient management [50% N through organic manures + 50% RDF + integrated PP measures]; T4 , inorganic treatment [recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) alone + inorganic PP measures]; and T5 , recommended practice (RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + integrated PP measures). The rice variety ‘Abilash’ was grown during the rainy (kharif) season with these treatments. At the end of 12th year, i.e. during 2015, the grain yield recorded in treatment T2 (6.418 t/ha) was the maximum and was found on a par with T5 (6.328 t/ha). How-ever, the straw yield was the maximum in T5 (7.577 t/ha), being at par with T2 (7.494 t/ha). The net returns realized were significantly highest with treatment T2 (`41,045/ha) compared to all the other treatments. The soil organic carbon (0.77%), available major (221.2, 22.0 and 67.0 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively) and micro-nutrients (515.5, 100.8, 5.6 ppm of calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively and 7.6 kg/ha of sulphur) were also higher with treatment T2 .","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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