A large-scale field trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India, during 2004–15 on a fixed site, to study the effect of different organic farming practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under inorganic and integrated nutrient-management practices. The trial consisted of 5 treatments, viz. T1 , Organic [75% N through organic manures + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T2, organic [100% N through organic manure + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T3 , integrated nutrient management [50% N through organic manures + 50% RDF + integrated PP measures]; T4 , inorganic treatment [recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) alone + inorganic PP measures]; and T5 , recommended practice (RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + integrated PP measures). The rice variety ‘Abilash’ was grown during the rainy (kharif) season with these treatments. At the end of 12th year, i.e. during 2015, the grain yield recorded in treatment T2 (6.418 t/ha) was the maximum and was found on a par with T5 (6.328 t/ha). How-ever, the straw yield was the maximum in T5 (7.577 t/ha), being at par with T2 (7.494 t/ha). The net returns realized were significantly highest with treatment T2 (`41,045/ha) compared to all the other treatments. The soil organic carbon (0.77%), available major (221.2, 22.0 and 67.0 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively) and micro-nutrients (515.5, 100.8, 5.6 ppm of calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively and 7.6 kg/ha of sulphur) were also higher with treatment T2 .
{"title":"Organic farming practices in rainfed lowland rice in hill zone of Karnataka, India","authors":"K. MANJAPPA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5452","url":null,"abstract":"A large-scale field trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India, during 2004–15 on a fixed site, to study the effect of different organic farming practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under inorganic and integrated nutrient-management practices. The trial consisted of 5 treatments, viz. T1 , Organic [75% N through organic manures + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T2, organic [100% N through organic manure + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T3 , integrated nutrient management [50% N through organic manures + 50% RDF + integrated PP measures]; T4 , inorganic treatment [recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) alone + inorganic PP measures]; and T5 , recommended practice (RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + integrated PP measures). The rice variety ‘Abilash’ was grown during the rainy (kharif) season with these treatments. At the end of 12th year, i.e. during 2015, the grain yield recorded in treatment T2 (6.418 t/ha) was the maximum and was found on a par with T5 (6.328 t/ha). How-ever, the straw yield was the maximum in T5 (7.577 t/ha), being at par with T2 (7.494 t/ha). The net returns realized were significantly highest with treatment T2 (`41,045/ha) compared to all the other treatments. The soil organic carbon (0.77%), available major (221.2, 22.0 and 67.0 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively) and micro-nutrients (515.5, 100.8, 5.6 ppm of calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively and 7.6 kg/ha of sulphur) were also higher with treatment T2 .","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at Advanced Centre for Rainfed Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Dhianasr, Jammu and Kashmir to evaluate the effect of tillage, residue mulching and intercropping on nutrients, growth and yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The treatments included conventional tillage (CT), CT+ mulching (CTm), CT + intercropping with mash [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] (CTi), minimum tillage (MT), MT + mulching (MTm), MT + intercropping with mash (MTi), MT + residue (MTr), zero tillage (ZT), ZT + mulching (ZTm) and ZT + residue (ZTr). The highest grain yield (3.01 t/ha) and yield attributes were recorded with minimum tillage + residue incorporation (MTr). However, the grain yield recorded in all the treatments were at par when equivalent yield of intercrop was taken. The intercropping of mash in maize sown by conventional tillage resulted in 34.3% reduction in grain yield of maize as compared to conventional tillage. The stover yield ranged from 5.65 to 7.93 t/ha and harvest index ranged from 23.8 to 32.5% in all the treatments was at par.
{"title":"Effect of tillage practices, mulching and intercropping on rainfed maize (Zea mays) in foothill of Shivaliks, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.350","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at Advanced Centre for Rainfed Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Dhianasr, Jammu and Kashmir to evaluate the effect of tillage, residue mulching and intercropping on nutrients, growth and yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The treatments included conventional tillage (CT), CT+ mulching (CTm), CT + intercropping with mash [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] (CTi), minimum tillage (MT), MT + mulching (MTm), MT + intercropping with mash (MTi), MT + residue (MTr), zero tillage (ZT), ZT + mulching (ZTm) and ZT + residue (ZTr). The highest grain yield (3.01 t/ha) and yield attributes were recorded with minimum tillage + residue incorporation (MTr). However, the grain yield recorded in all the treatments were at par when equivalent yield of intercrop was taken. The intercropping of mash in maize sown by conventional tillage resulted in 34.3% reduction in grain yield of maize as compared to conventional tillage. The stover yield ranged from 5.65 to 7.93 t/ha and harvest index ranged from 23.8 to 32.5% in all the treatments was at par.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was undertaken from the rainy season 2015 to winter season 2016–17 at the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal. The aim of the study was to arrive at optimal tillage requirement in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system to economize on energy, labour and time, and to work out the production economics of rice–wheat system as a whole under various crop-establishment techniques. Unpuddled rice (UPTR) followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat recorded superior yield performances to conventional tillage-based systems over the years. Fuel and labour requirement was reduced by 86.93 and 51.85%, 66.28 and 45.67% and 77.84 and 48.97% under rice (direct seeding)–wheat (surface seeding), rice (UPTR)–wheat (ZT) and rice (bed planting)–wheat (bed planting), respectively. Rice (UPTR)–wheat (ZT) also recorded the maximum energy efficiency (12.15) and energy productivity (0.94 kg/MJ) with lowest specific energy (31.67) which was reflective of the better system output. Despite lesser cost of cultivation under rice (direct seeding)–wheat (surface seeding) system, the monetary returns as well as benefit: cost ratio were much lesser under this system due to poor crop stand owing to high pre-monsoon and monsoon shower. The maximum net returns (`33,888 and `42,835/ha during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (1.68 and 1.85 during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively) under rice (UPTR)–wheat (ZT) system reflected its superiority to the other establishment techniques.
{"title":"Alternate tillage and crop-establishment techniques in rice (Oryza sativa)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) system for increased system productivity and profitability in eastern sub-Himalayan plains of India","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.346","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken from the rainy season 2015 to winter season 2016–17 at the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal. The aim of the study was to arrive at optimal tillage requirement in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system to economize on energy, labour and time, and to work out the production economics of rice–wheat system as a whole under various crop-establishment techniques. Unpuddled rice (UPTR) followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat recorded superior yield performances to conventional tillage-based systems over the years. Fuel and labour requirement was reduced by 86.93 and 51.85%, 66.28 and 45.67% and 77.84 and 48.97% under rice (direct seeding)–wheat (surface seeding), rice (UPTR)–wheat (ZT) and rice (bed planting)–wheat (bed planting), respectively. Rice (UPTR)–wheat (ZT) also recorded the maximum energy efficiency (12.15) and energy productivity (0.94 kg/MJ) with lowest specific energy (31.67) which was reflective of the better system output. Despite lesser cost of cultivation under rice (direct seeding)–wheat (surface seeding) system, the monetary returns as well as benefit: cost ratio were much lesser under this system due to poor crop stand owing to high pre-monsoon and monsoon shower. The maximum net returns (`33,888 and `42,835/ha during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (1.68 and 1.85 during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively) under rice (UPTR)–wheat (ZT) system reflected its superiority to the other establishment techniques.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the winter (rabi) season of 2015–16 and 2016–17, to investigate influence of fertilizer levels and different treatments of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) management on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). There were 24 treatments and 3 replications with fertilizer (Levels-03) and wild oat (management -08) treatments as main and subplot treatments in split-plot design. Results of the 2 year study showed, higher grain yield (44.7 q/ha), straw yield (66.7 q/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.80) in recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) when compared 120% RDF (40.22 q/ha, 61.24 q/ha and 1.58 respectively). Weed-free (55.3 q/ha, 79.1 q/ha and 2.03) and pinoxaden @ 50 g/ha (54.8 q/ha, 78.6 q/ha and 2.18) being at par with each other resulted in higher grain and straw yields, whereas weedy check exhibited the least values. Clodinafop @ 60 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain, straw yield and benefit: cost (B:C) ratio than with sulfosulfuron @ 25 g/ha though it was significantly lower than the pinoxaden @ 50g/ha. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha and metribuzin @ 175 g/ha ensued statistically similar grain, straw yield and B : C ratio, followed by weedy check. The results also indicated that, fertilizers given in larger dosages only served to increase the weed population rather than wheat output. In the higher dosage of fertilizer, weeds becomes resistant to normal dosage of herbicides. Recommended dose of fertilizer along with suitable herbicide application or manual weeding could result in higher yield of wheat.
{"title":"Influence of fertilizer levels and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) management on growth, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.347","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the winter (rabi) season of 2015–16 and 2016–17, to investigate influence of fertilizer levels and different treatments of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) management on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). There were 24 treatments and 3 replications with fertilizer (Levels-03) and wild oat (management -08) treatments as main and subplot treatments in split-plot design. Results of the 2 year study showed, higher grain yield (44.7 q/ha), straw yield (66.7 q/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.80) in recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) when compared 120% RDF (40.22 q/ha, 61.24 q/ha and 1.58 respectively). Weed-free (55.3 q/ha, 79.1 q/ha and 2.03) and pinoxaden @ 50 g/ha (54.8 q/ha, 78.6 q/ha and 2.18) being at par with each other resulted in higher grain and straw yields, whereas weedy check exhibited the least values. Clodinafop @ 60 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain, straw yield and benefit: cost (B:C) ratio than with sulfosulfuron @ 25 g/ha though it was significantly lower than the pinoxaden @ 50g/ha. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha and metribuzin @ 175 g/ha ensued statistically similar grain, straw yield and B : C ratio, followed by weedy check. The results also indicated that, fertilizers given in larger dosages only served to increase the weed population rather than wheat output. In the higher dosage of fertilizer, weeds becomes resistant to normal dosage of herbicides. Recommended dose of fertilizer along with suitable herbicide application or manual weeding could result in higher yield of wheat.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2020–21 at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, to study the effect leaf-colour chart (LCC) and SPAD meter on productivity of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment, having 8 treatments, was laid out in a randomized block design. The first 4 treatments (T1 to T4 ) were LCC-based, T5 and T6 were the SPAD meter-based management practices and T7 was considered as fixed-time N management (FTNM) and T8 was kept as control where no N was applied. The SPADbased treatments T5 and T6 received 140 kg N/ha which was higher than all the other N management treatments resulted 13% higher ears/m2 and 18% higher grains/ear over the LCC-based N-management treatments. Among the LCC-based practice, treatment T4 recorded significantly highest grain yield (4.01 t/ha) but was lower (10.4%) than that of grain yield achieved in T5 treatment. The LCC-based treatments T1 to T3 though received a lower dose of N fertilizer (19%; average of T1 to T3 ) compared to the FTNM (T7 ), returns maintained the similar yield components with the FTNM. Therefore, use of farmers’ friendly and cost-effective tool LCC is very useful which saved the N fertilizer (19%) without hampering the yield components. Thus, LCC and SPAD may be effective tool for efficient need-based fertilizer N management using LCC and SPAD meter in improving crop growth for higher productivity in rational manner.
{"title":"Nitrogen-management strategy through leaf-colour chart and SPAD meter for optimizing the productivity in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.364","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2020–21 at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, to study the effect leaf-colour chart (LCC) and SPAD meter on productivity of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment, having 8 treatments, was laid out in a randomized block design. The first 4 treatments (T1 to T4 ) were LCC-based, T5 and T6 were the SPAD meter-based management practices and T7 was considered as fixed-time N management (FTNM) and T8 was kept as control where no N was applied. The SPADbased treatments T5 and T6 received 140 kg N/ha which was higher than all the other N management treatments resulted 13% higher ears/m2 and 18% higher grains/ear over the LCC-based N-management treatments. Among the LCC-based practice, treatment T4 recorded significantly highest grain yield (4.01 t/ha) but was lower (10.4%) than that of grain yield achieved in T5 treatment. The LCC-based treatments T1 to T3 though received a lower dose of N fertilizer (19%; average of T1 to T3 ) compared to the FTNM (T7 ), returns maintained the similar yield components with the FTNM. Therefore, use of farmers’ friendly and cost-effective tool LCC is very useful which saved the N fertilizer (19%) without hampering the yield components. Thus, LCC and SPAD may be effective tool for efficient need-based fertilizer N management using LCC and SPAD meter in improving crop growth for higher productivity in rational manner.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted on a fixed site at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2000 to 2017 (18 years), to study the long-term effect of integrated nutrient-management (INM) practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its soil health. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 7 main plot treatments, viz. no manure, farmyard manure (FYM) @ 10 t/ha, vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, eupatorium @ 10 t/ha, gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.] or quick stich @ 10 t/ha, sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) grown in-situ @ 8.96 t/ha and paddy straw @ 5 t/ ha) and 3 subplot treatments [no fertilizer, 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 100% RDF]. The average of 18 years pooled data showed that, the grain yield, straw yield and net returns of rice were significantly higher with the application of gliricidia and eupatorium @ 10 t/ha compared to all other manures. Among the interactions of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers, combinations of application of gliricidia @ 10 t/ha + 100% RDF resulted in significantly higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha), straw yield (7.8 t/ha) and net returns (`30,569/ha) followed by eupatorium + 100% RDF. The grain yield, straw yield and net returns obtained with application of green-leaf manures, viz. gliricidia alone (5.29, 6.01 t/ha and `25,443/ha, respectively) or eupatorium @ 10 t/ha alone were found to be at par with that of 100% RDF alone.
{"title":"Integrated nutrient-management practices effect on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa) and soil properties under rainfed lowland rice situation – A long-term study","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.339","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted on a fixed site at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2000 to 2017 (18 years), to study the long-term effect of integrated nutrient-management (INM) practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its soil health. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 7 main plot treatments, viz. no manure, farmyard manure (FYM) @ 10 t/ha, vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, eupatorium @ 10 t/ha, gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.] or quick stich @ 10 t/ha, sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) grown in-situ @ 8.96 t/ha and paddy straw @ 5 t/ ha) and 3 subplot treatments [no fertilizer, 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 100% RDF]. The average of 18 years pooled data showed that, the grain yield, straw yield and net returns of rice were significantly higher with the application of gliricidia and eupatorium @ 10 t/ha compared to all other manures. Among the interactions of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers, combinations of application of gliricidia @ 10 t/ha + 100% RDF resulted in significantly higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha), straw yield (7.8 t/ha) and net returns (`30,569/ha) followed by eupatorium + 100% RDF. The grain yield, straw yield and net returns obtained with application of green-leaf manures, viz. gliricidia alone (5.29, 6.01 t/ha and `25,443/ha, respectively) or eupatorium @ 10 t/ha alone were found to be at par with that of 100% RDF alone.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 3 replications at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), during the rainy (kharif) season of 2019, to evaluate the performance of different herbicides in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment comprised of 2 main plots, viz. rainfed and irrigated, and 8 weed-control treatments, viz. bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl at 60 g/ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + penoxsulam at 60 + 26.7 g/ha, cyhalofop + penoxsulam at 135 + 26.7 g/ha, bispyribac sodium + metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron ethyl at 25 + 4 g/ha, triafamone + ethoxysulfuron at 40 + 20 g/ha, hand-weeding twice and weedy check, in subplots. The dominant weeds associated with direct-seeded rice experimental field were mainly comprised monocot, viz. jungle rice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] and Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], sedge, viz. nutgrass [Cyperus iria (L.)], and dicot weed such as sissoo spinach [Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.]. The results indicated that, post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha at 20 days after sowing (DAS) recorded the highest weed-control efficiency (87.75%), followed by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + penoxsulam at 60 + 26.7 g/ha. Higher grain yield (3.09 t/ ha) was recorded with weed-free treatment which was at par with bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha.
{"title":"Weed management in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) in central India","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.362","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 3 replications at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), during the rainy (kharif) season of 2019, to evaluate the performance of different herbicides in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment comprised of 2 main plots, viz. rainfed and irrigated, and 8 weed-control treatments, viz. bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl at 60 g/ha, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + penoxsulam at 60 + 26.7 g/ha, cyhalofop + penoxsulam at 135 + 26.7 g/ha, bispyribac sodium + metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron ethyl at 25 + 4 g/ha, triafamone + ethoxysulfuron at 40 + 20 g/ha, hand-weeding twice and weedy check, in subplots. The dominant weeds associated with direct-seeded rice experimental field were mainly comprised monocot, viz. jungle rice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] and Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], sedge, viz. nutgrass [Cyperus iria (L.)], and dicot weed such as sissoo spinach [Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.]. The results indicated that, post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha at 20 days after sowing (DAS) recorded the highest weed-control efficiency (87.75%), followed by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + penoxsulam at 60 + 26.7 g/ha. Higher grain yield (3.09 t/ ha) was recorded with weed-free treatment which was at par with bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India, to study the impact of nutrient and pest management on productivity and profitability of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]. The experiment consisted 8 treatments of nutrient and pest management, replicated thrice in randomized block design. Pods/plant were found markedly superior in recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray. However, 1000-seed weight (65.19 g) was significantly higher in RDF + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after first spray. Grain yield (1.07 t/ha) was significantly superior under RDF + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray. The stover yield (6.13 t/ha) was recorded significantly higher (17.92%) in RDF + 0.5% borax spray at 50% flowering. Harvest index was estimated significantly superior in RDF + indoxacarb spray at 50% flowering + 1 systemic insecticide (Dimethoate) at 15 days after first spray followed by RDF + multimicronutrinent @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray (17.53%). Gross returns (69.3 × 103 `/ha) and net returns (69.3 × 103 `/ha) of pigeonpea were recorded significantly higher under RDF + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + Indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray, while benefit : cost ratio (3.68; 3.49) was found significantly more in RDF + 2% urea spray at 50% flowering and RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at 50% flowering than the other treatments.
{"title":"Effect of nutrient and pest management on productivity and profitability of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.354","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India, to study the impact of nutrient and pest management on productivity and profitability of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]. The experiment consisted 8 treatments of nutrient and pest management, replicated thrice in randomized block design. Pods/plant were found markedly superior in recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray. However, 1000-seed weight (65.19 g) was significantly higher in RDF + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after first spray. Grain yield (1.07 t/ha) was significantly superior under RDF + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray. The stover yield (6.13 t/ha) was recorded significantly higher (17.92%) in RDF + 0.5% borax spray at 50% flowering. Harvest index was estimated significantly superior in RDF + indoxacarb spray at 50% flowering + 1 systemic insecticide (Dimethoate) at 15 days after first spray followed by RDF + multimicronutrinent @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray (17.53%). Gross returns (69.3 × 103 `/ha) and net returns (69.3 × 103 `/ha) of pigeonpea were recorded significantly higher under RDF + multimicronutrient @ 2 ml/L at 50% flowering + Indoxacarb spray at flowering + 1 systemic insecticide at 15 days after the first spray, while benefit : cost ratio (3.68; 3.49) was found significantly more in RDF + 2% urea spray at 50% flowering and RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 spray at 50% flowering than the other treatments.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45125063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of row proportions and nutrient management was studied in potato (Solanum tubersoum L.) + Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj.] intercropping system during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Amar Singh College Farm, Lakhaoti (Bulandshahr), Uttar Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with 3 replications. The main plot treatments consisted of 3 varieties, viz. ‘Kufri Pukhraj’, ‘Kufri Anand’ and ‘Chipsona 3’, and subplots comprised row proportions of 2 : 1 potato : Indian mustard (P : M), 4 : 1 P : M, potato sole and Indian mustard sole and the sub-subplot treatments consisted of 3 nutrient sources 100% organic (FYM), 100% inorganic and 50% organic + 50% inorganic. The maximum fresh weight of tubers (450.33 g), total tuber dry weight (56.99 g), total number of tubers/plant (15.40) as well as total biological yield (49.14) were recorded in ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ both for A - grade and total tuber yield. Row ratio of 2 : 1 (P : M) recorded higher fresh weight of haulms/ plant (191.48), while higher dry weight/plant of potato (119.70) was recorded in the sole crop. Number of tuber/ plant, fresh and dry weight of tubers were significantly higher under sole potato than row ratio of 4 : 1 however, row ratio of 4 : 1 was slightly superior to row ratio of 2 : 1. Sole potato and row ratio of 4 : 1 resulted in significantly higher total biomass than row ratio of 2 : 1. Yield of different grades and total tubers was recorded significantly higher in sole crop than that for row ratio of 4 : 1 and 2 : 1, though variations were observed nominal in case of Cgrade tubers. Significantly higher potato yield (2.85 t/ha) was observed with the application of nutrients through 50% organic + 50% inorganic fertilizer application.
{"title":"Effect of row proportions, organic and inorganic nutrient sources on growth and yield of potato (Solanum tubersoum) cultivars","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.361","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of row proportions and nutrient management was studied in potato (Solanum tubersoum L.) + Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj.] intercropping system during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Amar Singh College Farm, Lakhaoti (Bulandshahr), Uttar Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with 3 replications. The main plot treatments consisted of 3 varieties, viz. ‘Kufri Pukhraj’, ‘Kufri Anand’ and ‘Chipsona 3’, and subplots comprised row proportions of 2 : 1 potato : Indian mustard (P : M), 4 : 1 P : M, potato sole and Indian mustard sole and the sub-subplot treatments consisted of 3 nutrient sources 100% organic (FYM), 100% inorganic and 50% organic + 50% inorganic. The maximum fresh weight of tubers (450.33 g), total tuber dry weight (56.99 g), total number of tubers/plant (15.40) as well as total biological yield (49.14) were recorded in ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ both for A - grade and total tuber yield. Row ratio of 2 : 1 (P : M) recorded higher fresh weight of haulms/ plant (191.48), while higher dry weight/plant of potato (119.70) was recorded in the sole crop. Number of tuber/ plant, fresh and dry weight of tubers were significantly higher under sole potato than row ratio of 4 : 1 however, row ratio of 4 : 1 was slightly superior to row ratio of 2 : 1. Sole potato and row ratio of 4 : 1 resulted in significantly higher total biomass than row ratio of 2 : 1. Yield of different grades and total tubers was recorded significantly higher in sole crop than that for row ratio of 4 : 1 and 2 : 1, though variations were observed nominal in case of Cgrade tubers. Significantly higher potato yield (2.85 t/ha) was observed with the application of nutrients through 50% organic + 50% inorganic fertilizer application.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field study was carried out during the rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at the Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Faridkot, Punjab, to study the effect of phosphorus levels and biofertilizers on the symbiotic parameters, productivity, and profitability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The experiment comprised 4 phosphorus levels (0, 17, 26 and 35 kg P/ha) and 4 biofertilizer treatments [uninoculated control, Bradyrhizobium, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Bradyrhizobium + PSB]. Total 16 treatment combinations were laid out in a factorial randomized complete-block design, replicated 3 times. Application of 35 kg P/ha recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, growth and yield attributes and seed yield of 2 and 1.84 t/ha at Ludhiana and Faridkot, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control and 17 kg P/ha but statistically at par with 26 kg P/ha at both the locations. However, the highest production efficiency (14.62 and 13.50 kg/ ha/day at Ludhiana and Faridkot, respectively) was recorded with application of 35 kg P/ha, being statistically at par with 26 kg P/ha. The highest monetary efficiency (302 and 277 `/ha/day at Ludhiana and Faridkot, respectively) was obtained with the application of 35 kg P/ha which were at par with 26 and 17 kg P/ha at Ludhiana, while with 26 kg P/ha at Faridkot. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + PSB and sole inoculation of PSB were at par with each other and both proved superior to uninoculated control for growth and yield attributes, seed yield and monetary efficiency.
2019年雨季，在旁遮普省卢迪亚纳和法里德科特的旁遮普农业大学区域研究站进行了一项实地研究，以研究磷水平和生物肥料对大豆共生参数、生产力和盈利能力的影响[Glycine max（L.）Merr。]。该实验包括4种磷水平（0、17、26和35 kg P/ha）和4种生物肥料处理[未接种对照、慢生根瘤菌、溶磷菌（PSB）和慢生根瘤杆菌+PSB]。共有16种治疗组合采用析因随机完全区组设计，重复3次。施用35kg P/ha在卢迪亚纳和法里德科特记录了最高的共生参数、生长和产量属性以及种子产量，分别为2和1.84t/ha，显著高于对照和17kg P/ha，但在统计上与这两个地点的26kg P/ha持平。然而，最高的生产效率（卢迪亚纳和法里德科特分别为14.62和13.50公斤/公顷/天）是在施用35公斤/公顷时记录的，在统计上与26公斤/公顷持平。最高的货币效率（卢迪亚纳和法里德科特分别为302和277`/公顷/天）是在施用35公斤P/公顷时获得的，与卢迪亚纳的26和17公斤P/ha相当，而法里德科特的26公斤P/哈相当。接种慢生根瘤菌+PSB和单独接种PSB的效果相当，在生长和产量性状、种子产量和货币效率方面均优于未接种对照。
{"title":"Influence of phosphorus and biofertilizers on symbiotic parameters, productivity and profitability of soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i2.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i2.366","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was carried out during the rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at the Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Faridkot, Punjab, to study the effect of phosphorus levels and biofertilizers on the symbiotic parameters, productivity, and profitability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The experiment comprised 4 phosphorus levels (0, 17, 26 and 35 kg P/ha) and 4 biofertilizer treatments [uninoculated control, Bradyrhizobium, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Bradyrhizobium + PSB]. Total 16 treatment combinations were laid out in a factorial randomized complete-block design, replicated 3 times. Application of 35 kg P/ha recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, growth and yield attributes and seed yield of 2 and 1.84 t/ha at Ludhiana and Faridkot, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control and 17 kg P/ha but statistically at par with 26 kg P/ha at both the locations. However, the highest production efficiency (14.62 and 13.50 kg/ ha/day at Ludhiana and Faridkot, respectively) was recorded with application of 35 kg P/ha, being statistically at par with 26 kg P/ha. The highest monetary efficiency (302 and 277 `/ha/day at Ludhiana and Faridkot, respectively) was obtained with the application of 35 kg P/ha which were at par with 26 and 17 kg P/ha at Ludhiana, while with 26 kg P/ha at Faridkot. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + PSB and sole inoculation of PSB were at par with each other and both proved superior to uninoculated control for growth and yield attributes, seed yield and monetary efficiency.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46635382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：