Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.33430/v27n2thie-2019-0032
Yilin Xiao, K. Song, Yuxuan Chen
{"title":"Ultra-wideband (UWB) band-notched resonator-embedded power divider","authors":"Yilin Xiao, K. Song, Yuxuan Chen","doi":"10.33430/v27n2thie-2019-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v27n2thie-2019-0032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69753710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Issue with Awarded and Shortlisted Papers from the HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.33430/v26n4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v26n4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.33430/v26n3thie-2019-0015
Zhiqian Zhang, W. Pan
Modular integrated construction of high-rise buildings has shown its potential in accelerating the speed of construction, improving safety, safeguarding quality and enhancing productivity. However, due to the disruptive change to the construction process, challenges are identified to effectively plan and handle multiple lifts for hoisting heavy modules. Research on lift planning includes the development of simulation tools. However, the previous tools provided either static simulations or pre-designed animations that did not address the interactions between planners and the tools. Virtual reality (VR) offers an opportunity to build an interactive and navigable 3D environment. This paper aims to develop a userfriendly VR-supported tool for achieving effective lift planning for constructing high-rise modular buildings. First, the module lifting process and tower crane operations were analysed. Second, a VR demonstration was developed using a real-life modular building project. Third, the demonstration was used during interviews with the project team to verify the effectiveness of the developed tool. Results suggest that the tool can help optimise the site layout and lift logistics through the provided functions of collision detection and construction simulation. The findings suggest that VR-supported lift planning will contribute to ensure site safety and enhance the productivity of modular high-rise building construction.
{"title":"Virtual reality (VR) supported lift planning for modular integrated construction\u0000(MiC) of high-rise buildings","authors":"Zhiqian Zhang, W. Pan","doi":"10.33430/v26n3thie-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v26n3thie-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Modular integrated construction of high-rise buildings has shown its potential in accelerating the speed of construction, improving safety, safeguarding quality and enhancing productivity. However, due to the disruptive change to the construction process, challenges are identified to effectively plan and handle multiple lifts for hoisting heavy modules. Research on lift planning includes the development of simulation tools. However, the previous tools provided either static simulations or pre-designed animations that did not address the interactions between planners and the tools. Virtual reality (VR) offers an opportunity to build an interactive and navigable 3D environment. This paper aims to develop a userfriendly VR-supported tool for achieving effective lift planning for constructing high-rise modular buildings. First, the module lifting process and tower crane operations were analysed. Second, a VR demonstration was developed using a real-life modular building project. Third, the demonstration was used during interviews with the project team to verify the effectiveness of the developed tool. Results suggest that the tool can help optimise the site layout and lift logistics through the provided functions of collision detection and construction simulation. The findings suggest that VR-supported lift planning will contribute to ensure site safety and enhance the productivity of modular high-rise building construction.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0039
Yanhua Wang, H. Dou, Geng-xin Xie
Soft ground under the sea often presents challenges for supporting seawall or reclamation without treatment if no dredging is implemented. Ground treatment is often required to improve the engineering properties of weak soils to enhance bearing capacity for supporting the intended structures. Deep soil mixing with addition of binder is one of the ground treatment methods that has been widely used in Asia and worldwide. This method was recently adopted by the authors for a practical ground improvement project in Hong Kong. This paper presents the characteristics of cement-soil mixture in the laboratory environment as well as performance of the field mixed soil using the same binder material. A detailed test programme was developed to evaluate the strength and other properties of the cement-soil mixtures by using various amounts of binder and water to binder ratios. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the laboratory mixture were performed. The relationship of strength of the cement-soil mixture with binder dosages is developed. Test results of laboratory mixed soils were compared with those of field mixed soils. The relationship of strength between laboratory mixed soils and field mixed soils was derived. Field installation of deep mixing for the project is discussed.
{"title":"Stabilisation of soft clay by deep cement mixing (DCM) method – A case study","authors":"Yanhua Wang, H. Dou, Geng-xin Xie","doi":"10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Soft ground under the sea often presents challenges for supporting seawall or reclamation without treatment if no dredging is implemented. Ground treatment is often required to improve the engineering properties of weak soils to enhance bearing capacity for supporting the intended structures. Deep soil mixing with addition of binder is one of the ground treatment methods that has been widely used in Asia and worldwide. This method was recently adopted by the authors for a practical ground improvement project in Hong Kong. This paper presents the characteristics of cement-soil mixture in the laboratory environment as well as performance of the field mixed soil using the same binder material. A detailed test programme was developed to evaluate the strength and other properties of the cement-soil mixtures by using various amounts of binder and water to binder ratios. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the laboratory mixture were performed. The relationship of strength of the cement-soil mixture with binder dosages is developed. Test results of laboratory mixed soils were compared with those of field mixed soils. The relationship of strength between\u0000laboratory mixed soils and field mixed soils was derived. Field installation of deep mixing for the project is discussed.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45412577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.33430/v26n3thie-2019-0024
Cassie Chow, A. Cheung
Solid waste management system is becoming a significant environmental, economic and technological challenge due to the increasing population and different waste stream. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is easy to generate but difficult to venerate. The question of whether MSW is an undervalued resource or an environmental burden is in continual debate. This paper presents an overview and structure of the current MSW management in Hong Kong and the advantages of waste diversion when the waste that normally would be delivered to the landfill is removed from the MSW. This paper also studies the technology of energy recovery which can be achieved from MSW in direct combustion as a fuel to produce power and heat, or indirectly, through waste conversion to fuel or fuel in a state of storage for future use. The necessity, rationale and application of energy recovery facilities are discussed to meet public health and environmental concerns and the public’s desire and willingness to reuse and recycle waste materials. Solid waste management serves both resource recovery and waste disposal in the public’s future challenges and opportunities for change.
{"title":"Energy recovery from small-scale energy-from-waste (EfW) facility – Possible\u0000application in Hong Kong","authors":"Cassie Chow, A. Cheung","doi":"10.33430/v26n3thie-2019-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v26n3thie-2019-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management system is becoming a significant environmental, economic and technological challenge due to the increasing population and different waste stream. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is easy to generate but difficult to venerate. The question of whether MSW is an undervalued resource or an environmental burden is in continual debate. This paper presents an overview and structure of the current MSW management in Hong Kong and the advantages of waste diversion when the waste that normally would be delivered to the landfill is removed from the MSW. This paper also studies the technology of energy recovery which can be achieved from MSW in direct combustion as a fuel to produce power and heat, or indirectly, through waste conversion to fuel or fuel in a state of storage for future use. The necessity, rationale and application of energy recovery facilities are discussed to meet public health and environmental concerns and the public’s desire and willingness to reuse and recycle waste materials. Solid waste management serves both resource recovery and waste disposal in the public’s future challenges and opportunities for change.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43876026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0036
Jilan Wu, Shanshan Shang
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are massive large-scale open online resources provided by famous universities or organisations by which anybody can take the courses anywhere through internet connection for free. The implementation of MOOCs in universities shows a new form of learning. Considering that tacit knowledge plays a very important role in learning, this paper discusses the tacit knowledge transfer process in MOOCs. A useful system dynamics model to analyse which factors impact the tacit knowledge transfer effect is proposed in this research. A simulation method is used to illustrate the relation between transfer effect and these factors through sensitivity analysis. The results show that transfer effect increases with the circulation of the platform and technology advances of MOOCs, but the rate of growth has changed from high to low. The research mainly aims to guide the design and operation of MOOCs and other e-learning platforms.
{"title":"Modelling tacit knowledge transfer in MOOCs: Simulations on the transfer process","authors":"Jilan Wu, Shanshan Shang","doi":"10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are massive large-scale open online resources provided by famous universities or organisations by which anybody can take the courses anywhere through internet connection for free. The implementation of MOOCs in universities shows a new form of learning. Considering that tacit knowledge plays a very important role in learning, this paper discusses the tacit knowledge transfer process in MOOCs. A useful system dynamics model to analyse which factors impact the tacit knowledge transfer effect is proposed in this research. A simulation method is used to illustrate the relation between transfer effect and these factors through sensitivity analysis. The results show that transfer effect increases with the circulation of the platform and technology advances of MOOCs, but the rate of growth has changed from high to low. The research mainly aims to guide the design and operation of MOOCs and\u0000other e-learning platforms.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0040
Xi Wang, Hanyu Chen, Xiaofeng Li
In this study, MATrixLABoratory (MATLAB)’s ode 45 method was adopted to investigate the effects of the three main factors on golf trajectory characteristics, and the preferred striking conditions were concluded. Meanwhile, the results of interaction analysis were used to assess the dependence of carry distance and peak height on each factor. Eventually, the realistic normal swing tests were conducted in a laboratory to confirm the validation and accuracy of the mathematical model. The simulated results showed that a faster club head speed generally enabled to improve carry distance. However, once the rotational speed was more than 3,000 r·min-1, the increased tendency of carry distance turned to decrease. Moreover, the decreased tendency was aggravated as the increase of club head speed and launch angle, but the low launch angle benefited to alleviate the decrease. Compared to the carry distance, peak height always rose in any conditions. Meanwhile, the combined effects of the three factors on carry distance were more obvious than on the peak height. Finally, the optimised striking strategies were concluded for golfer-slow, golfer-medium and golfer-fast, respectively.
{"title":"Numerical simulation and characteristics investigation of golf ball trajectory","authors":"Xi Wang, Hanyu Chen, Xiaofeng Li","doi":"10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0040","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, MATrixLABoratory (MATLAB)’s ode 45 method was adopted to investigate the effects of the three main factors on golf trajectory characteristics, and the preferred striking conditions were concluded. Meanwhile, the results of interaction analysis were used to assess the dependence of carry distance and peak height on each factor. Eventually, the realistic normal swing tests were conducted in a laboratory to confirm the validation and accuracy of the mathematical model. The simulated results showed that a faster club head speed generally enabled to improve carry distance. However,\u0000once the rotational speed was more than 3,000 r·min-1, the increased tendency of carry distance turned to decrease. Moreover, the decreased tendency was aggravated as the increase of club head speed and launch angle, but the low launch angle benefited to alleviate the decrease. Compared to the carry distance, peak height always rose in any conditions. Meanwhile, the combined effects of the three factors on carry distance were more obvious than on the peak height. Finally, the optimised striking strategies were concluded for golfer-slow, golfer-medium and golfer-fast, respectively.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48439999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.33430/V26N1THIE-2018-0006
Chaobo Zhang, Chih-Chen Chang
For many decades, truss-out bamboo scaffolding has been widely used in Hong Kong for maintaining and retrofitting structures. Yet there are major concerns about the safety of truss-out bamboo scaffoldings due to the metal brackets that support them frequently failing. This paper presents an investigation into the failure behaviour of the most commonly used support for scaffoldings: the I-shape metal bracket. Uniform distributed load (UDL) tests were performed on 39 × I-shape metal brackets to analyse their mechanical behaviour and failure mechanism in different anchorage locations. The test data obtained was used to establish a finite element model for the bracket. Criteria governing the failure of brackets were then developed and calibrated against the test data. A new set of I-shape metal brackets with redesigned dimensions were then tested to verify the proposed failure criteria. Results show that the proposed failure criteria match well with the experimental results. A set of rules is therefore recommended for the limit state design of the I-shape metal bracket. The proposed failure criteria and design rules could be used to design I-shape metal brackets for the industry that offer greater safety and reliability.
{"title":"Failure Behaviour and Design of I-shape Metal Brackets for Truss-out Bamboo Scaffolding","authors":"Chaobo Zhang, Chih-Chen Chang","doi":"10.33430/V26N1THIE-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/V26N1THIE-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"For many decades, truss-out bamboo scaffolding has been widely used in Hong Kong for maintaining and retrofitting structures. Yet there are major concerns about the safety of truss-out bamboo scaffoldings due to the metal brackets that support them frequently failing. This paper presents an investigation into the failure behaviour of the most commonly used support for scaffoldings: the I-shape metal bracket. Uniform distributed load (UDL) tests were performed on 39 × I-shape metal brackets to analyse their mechanical behaviour and failure mechanism in different anchorage locations. The test data obtained was used to establish a finite element model for the bracket. Criteria governing the failure of brackets were then developed and calibrated against the test data. A new set of I-shape metal brackets with redesigned dimensions were then tested to verify the proposed failure criteria. Results show that the proposed failure criteria match well with the experimental results. A set of rules is therefore recommended for the limit state design of the I-shape metal bracket. The proposed failure criteria and design rules could be used to design I-shape metal brackets for the industry that offer greater safety and reliability.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45142082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.33430/V26N1THIE-2017-0002
Wilson W S Mok, Victor K Lo, Germaine T M Chau, Louis Y M Lau
This paper discusses the challenges of constructing 1.75 km of concrete sleeve pipelines with diameters of 1,200mm, 1,500mm and 2,800mm using slurry operated Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) for installing District Cooling System (DCS) pipelines in highly variable ground conditions within the Kowloon Bay area. It covers the problems encountered, solutions provided, and recommendations made. Various construction techniques are also discussed including: running two TBMs in parallel from a jacking pit for the near simultaneous construction of two pipelines; enlarging the lower section of a receiving pit by the caving method to receive the TBM which entered the pit at an oblique angle, for turning inside the pit for removal after skin-off of the TBM; construction of a hand-dug tunnel from a receiving pit to receive three TBMs one at a time in a triangular configuration to suit site constraints. This paper should be read together with Part I which is entitled “Design and Construction Considerations” published in 2017.
{"title":"Trenchless construction of Phase IIIA District Cooling System (DCS) by TBM pipejacking and hand-dug tunnelling on Kai Tak Development : Part II – The challenges","authors":"Wilson W S Mok, Victor K Lo, Germaine T M Chau, Louis Y M Lau","doi":"10.33430/V26N1THIE-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/V26N1THIE-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the challenges of constructing 1.75 km of concrete sleeve pipelines with diameters of 1,200mm, 1,500mm and 2,800mm using slurry operated Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) for installing District Cooling System (DCS) pipelines in highly variable ground conditions within the Kowloon Bay area. It covers the problems encountered, solutions provided, and recommendations made. Various construction techniques are also discussed including: running two TBMs in parallel from a jacking pit for the near simultaneous construction of two pipelines; enlarging the lower section of a receiving pit by the caving method to receive the TBM which entered the pit at an oblique angle, for turning inside the pit for removal after skin-off of the TBM; construction of a hand-dug tunnel from a receiving pit to receive three TBMs one at a time in a triangular configuration to suit site constraints. This paper should be read together with Part I which is entitled “Design and Construction Considerations” published in 2017.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.33430/V26N1THIE-2017-0031
Wenmin Yao, Chong Ma, Zhang Wang, Xiaolong Chen
With traditional slope stability analysis methods, it is difficult to accurately describe the progressive failure process and dynamic variation law of slope stability. The strain-softening constitutive model was therefore used to simulate the progressive failure process of a strain-softening slope based on the gravity increase method (GIM), with the displacement interface employed to determine the sliding surface. A sensitive analysis of the characteristic parameters within the softening stage was then conducted. The results are as follows: There are similar space-time evolution laws of residual strength factor and shear strain increment, with failure starting from the slope toe and extending gradually. The sliding surface of strain-softening slopes is located between that of the slope with peak strength and the sliding surface of the slope with residual strength. The stability coefficient shows an exponential growth trend with the increase of residual cohesion and residual plastic shear strain threshold, with a positive linear correlation between the residual friction angle and stability factor. The residual friction angle is the most sensitive factor in slope stability, followed by the residualcohesion, with the residual plastic shear strain threshold being the least sensitive.
{"title":"Stability analysis of strain-softening slopes based on the gravity increase method","authors":"Wenmin Yao, Chong Ma, Zhang Wang, Xiaolong Chen","doi":"10.33430/V26N1THIE-2017-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/V26N1THIE-2017-0031","url":null,"abstract":"With traditional slope stability analysis methods, it is difficult to accurately describe the progressive failure process and dynamic variation law of slope stability. The strain-softening constitutive model was therefore used to simulate the progressive failure process of a strain-softening slope based on the gravity increase method (GIM), with the displacement interface employed to determine the sliding surface. A sensitive analysis of the characteristic parameters within the softening stage was then conducted. \u0000\u0000The results are as follows: \u0000There are similar space-time evolution laws of residual strength factor and shear strain increment, with failure starting from the slope toe and extending gradually. The sliding surface of strain-softening slopes is located between that of the slope with peak strength and the sliding surface of the slope with residual strength. The stability coefficient shows an exponential growth trend with the increase of residual cohesion and residual plastic shear strain threshold, with a positive linear correlation between the residual friction angle and stability factor. The residual friction angle is the most sensitive factor in slope stability, followed by the residualcohesion, with the residual plastic shear strain threshold being the least sensitive.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44402281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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