Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0061
Carry P S Cheung, David S W Pun, Raymond Y F Tong, K. Hui
In Hong Kong, air-conditioning (A/C) systems are major consumers of electricity. Although water-cooled air-conditioning systems (WACSs) are more energy efficient, the need for water towers, water treatment and other operation and maintenance (O&M) demands restrain their application in most buildings. This paper reviews a pilot application of treated effluent from sewage treatment works as a cooling medium for the Direct Expansion type of A/C system within the treatment Plant. The Drainage Services Department (DSD) installed a WACS with a self-assembled effluent-cooled condenser to study the energy efficiency, cooling performance and actual O&M requirements of the new system over a one-year pilot. It revealed that an energy saving of up to 27.6% per year could be achieved when compared with a conventional air-cooled air-conditioning system (AACS). This innovative effluent cooling A/C system achieves innovative reuse of treated effluent as well as reduction in carbon footprint as a result of higher energy efficiency for sustainable development.
{"title":"First of its kind in Hong Kong - innovative reuse of treated effluent and enhanced \u0000energy efficiency for air-conditioning systems","authors":"Carry P S Cheung, David S W Pun, Raymond Y F Tong, K. Hui","doi":"10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0061","url":null,"abstract":"In Hong Kong, air-conditioning (A/C) systems are major consumers of electricity. Although water-cooled air-conditioning systems (WACSs) are more energy efficient, the need for water towers, water treatment and other operation and maintenance (O&M) demands restrain their application in most buildings. This paper reviews a pilot application of treated effluent from sewage treatment works as a cooling medium for the Direct Expansion type of A/C system within the treatment Plant. The Drainage Services Department (DSD) installed a WACS with a self-assembled effluent-cooled condenser to study the energy efficiency, cooling performance and actual O&M requirements of the new system over a one-year pilot. It revealed that an energy saving of up to 27.6% per year could be achieved when compared with a conventional air-cooled air-conditioning \u0000system (AACS). This innovative effluent cooling A/C system achieves innovative reuse of treated effluent as well as reduction in carbon footprint as a result of higher energy efficiency for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42732730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0039
C. Ng, C. E. Choi, Haiming Lilu, S. Poudyal, Aastha Bhatta, W. De Silva, R. Cheung
Over recent years, significant advances have been made in the modelling of the impact dynamics between debris flows and single and dual rigid and flexible barriers. Numerical tools and analytical formulations have been proposed to predict the impact force, runup height, barrier deformation, and overflow and landing dynamics. However, there remains a dearth of well-recognised tools that can be used in routine engineering design practice because their reliability is unclear. On 8 and 9 May 2022, a virtual Class A Prediction Symposium on Debris Flow Impact Forces on Single and Dual Barriers was held to evaluate the reliability of existing design tools and identify areas for improvement to advance the current state of barrier design. The symposium was organised by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department of the HKSAR Government. This paper summarises the existing research on flow-barrier interaction, and details of the symposium, including the prediction cases and results, roundtable discussion, and future research directions.
{"title":"Class A Prediction Symposium on Debris Flow Impact Forces on Single and Dual Barriers","authors":"C. Ng, C. E. Choi, Haiming Lilu, S. Poudyal, Aastha Bhatta, W. De Silva, R. Cheung","doi":"10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Over recent years, significant advances have been made in the modelling of the impact dynamics between debris flows and single and dual rigid and flexible barriers. Numerical tools and analytical formulations have been proposed to predict the impact force, runup height, barrier deformation, and overflow and landing dynamics. However, there remains a dearth of well-recognised tools that can be used in routine engineering design practice because their reliability is unclear. On 8 and 9 May 2022, a virtual Class A Prediction Symposium on Debris Flow Impact Forces on Single and Dual Barriers was held to evaluate the reliability of existing design tools and identify areas for improvement to advance the current state of barrier design. The symposium was organised by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department of the HKSAR Government. This paper summarises the existing research on flow-barrier interaction, and details of the symposium, including the prediction cases and results, roundtable discussion, and future research directions.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44034296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0062
Ziyue Zhu, Yuling Ye, Yiyang Peng
With the worsening vehicle emissions, carbon emission charges are becoming an increasingly popular policy to reduce emissions. This paper proposes a policy to charge for the additional CO2 emissions due to the increasing traffic flow for each vehicle, thereby extending traditional travel time-based traffic assignment to emissions-charged traffic assignment. Considering that vehicle movements in the network are affected by signal timings and the car-following together with lanechanging interactions of different types of vehicles, microscopic traffic flow simulation is combined with a CO2 emission model to formulate the relations between link flow and emissions of different types of vehicles. Accordingly, the additional CO2 emissions due to increasing traffic flow are quantified and charged for each vehicle, leading to multi-vehicle-type and multi-criteria traffic assignment. Through an example network, the proposed flow-emissions model is verified and the impacts of different CO2 charging prices in the morning peak hour are investigated. Analysis of the results shows monotone increasing relations between price and reduced total emissions as well as increased revenue within the price range. In addition, the charging policy also leads to traffic assignment that achieves a system-optimal assignment since the CO2 pricing aligns with the general concept of pricing externality, thereby reducing the total travel time.
{"title":"Simulation-based quantitative methods for vehicle emissions and a CO2 charging policy","authors":"Ziyue Zhu, Yuling Ye, Yiyang Peng","doi":"10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0062","url":null,"abstract":"With the worsening vehicle emissions, carbon emission charges are becoming an increasingly popular policy to reduce emissions. This paper proposes a policy to charge for the additional CO2 emissions due to the increasing traffic flow for each vehicle, thereby extending traditional travel time-based traffic assignment to emissions-charged traffic assignment. Considering that vehicle movements in the network are affected by signal timings and the car-following together with lanechanging interactions of different types of vehicles, microscopic traffic flow simulation is combined with a CO2 emission model to formulate the relations between link flow and emissions of different types of vehicles. Accordingly, the additional CO2 emissions due to increasing traffic flow are quantified and charged for each vehicle, leading to multi-vehicle-type and multi-criteria traffic assignment. Through an example network, the proposed flow-emissions model is verified and the impacts of different CO2 charging prices in the morning peak hour are investigated. Analysis of the results shows monotone increasing relations between price and reduced total emissions as well as increased revenue within the price range. In addition, the charging policy also leads to traffic assignment that achieves a system-optimal assignment since the CO2 pricing aligns with the general concept of pricing externality, thereby reducing the total travel time.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43225593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0056
A. Chung, Wai Ming To
Carbon neutrality refers to a state of net-zero carbon emissions that can be achieved by balancing the discharge and removal of carbon compounds into and from the atmosphere. It is a crucial step to avoid the catastrophic consequences of climate change. This study aims to reveal the development of carbon neutrality research using a bibliometric approach. Using a keyword search of carbon neutrality (or carbon neutral), 8,071 publications including journal articles, review articles, conference papers, book chapters, and books were identified from 2001 to 2022 (up to 8 October) from Scopus. Data were analysed using Scopus bibliometric tools and VOSviewer. The results show that the number of carbon neutrality publications has increased exponentially in the past two years and Chinese researchers have produced most of the publications, followed by U.S. researchers. Co-occurrence of keywords analysis showed that four clusters of carbon neutrality research have emerged, namely carbon neutrals using biofuels and hydrogen; carbon neutralities focusing on energy efficiency, energy utilisation and renewable energies; carbon neutrality aiming to achieve sustainable development, and greenhouse gas emissions from coal. The findings of the study suggest that future research should focus on biomass and biofuels as they are key reservoirs of carbon.
{"title":"A bibliometric study of carbon neutrality: 2001-2022","authors":"A. Chung, Wai Ming To","doi":"10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n2thie-2022-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon neutrality refers to a state of net-zero carbon emissions that can be achieved by balancing the discharge and removal of carbon compounds into and from the atmosphere. It is a crucial step to avoid the catastrophic consequences of climate change. This study aims to reveal the development of carbon neutrality research using a bibliometric approach. Using a keyword search of carbon neutrality (or carbon neutral), 8,071 publications including journal articles, review articles, conference papers, book chapters, and books were identified from 2001 to 2022 (up to 8 October) from Scopus. Data were analysed using Scopus bibliometric tools and VOSviewer. The results show that the number of carbon neutrality publications has increased exponentially in the past two years and Chinese researchers have produced most of the publications, followed by U.S. researchers. Co-occurrence of keywords analysis showed that four clusters of carbon neutrality research have emerged, namely carbon neutrals using biofuels and hydrogen; carbon neutralities focusing on energy efficiency, energy utilisation and renewable energies; carbon neutrality aiming to achieve sustainable development, and greenhouse gas emissions from coal. The findings of the study suggest that future research should focus on biomass and biofuels as they are key reservoirs of carbon.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47743367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.33430/v30n1thie-2020-0020
S. Roy, Mohammad Shahriyar Parvez, Anutosh Das
Land use and transport integration has been highlighted as one of the most important policy objectives considering the interrelationship between the two concepts and can be used as a means of planning through intervention. From the standpoint of revealing the interplay, the study's objective is to assess the land use change of Dhaka City Corporation Area and determine its impact on transportation to assist the national policymaking and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology directed the determination of the land use change from 2010 to 2018, and then the consequent change in traffic flow while the necessary data in this regard were collected from secondary sources. The study shows that mixed-use development generates fewer trips. This is the study's finding in regard to integration among the national policies regarding land use and transport planning. This study is a methodological approach to analyse the impact of land use change on transportation and can be a role model for solving complex urban problems, e.g., traffic congestion by integrating the Land Use-Transport interaction. The study provides a background of the policymakers in their policymaking process, and an integrated policy will enable the nation to fulfil its Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Land use change in Dhaka City Corporation Area and its impact on transportation: A way forward towards integration into national policies","authors":"S. Roy, Mohammad Shahriyar Parvez, Anutosh Das","doi":"10.33430/v30n1thie-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Land use and transport integration has been highlighted as one of the most important policy objectives considering the interrelationship between the two concepts and can be used as a means of planning through intervention. From the standpoint of revealing the interplay, the study's objective is to assess the land use change of Dhaka City Corporation Area and determine its impact on transportation to assist the national policymaking and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology directed the determination of the land use change from 2010 to 2018, and then the consequent change in traffic flow while the necessary data in this regard were collected from secondary sources. The study shows that mixed-use development generates fewer trips. This is the study's finding in regard to integration among the national policies regarding land use and transport planning. This study is a methodological approach to analyse the impact of land use change on transportation and can be a role model for solving complex urban problems, e.g., traffic congestion by integrating the Land Use-Transport interaction. The study provides a background of the policymakers in their policymaking process, and an integrated policy will enable the nation to fulfil its Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0004
Carrison K. S. Tong, Oliver C M Chan, E. Yu
Acupuncture is a therapeutic modality in Traditional Chinese Medicine which aims to improve the flow of Qi (chi) or energy around the body by applying needles to specific points on the skin. Traditional Chinese Medicine teaches that Qi must flow freely through the body’s meridians, or channels, to ensure health and well-being. Traditionally, Chinese Medicine practitioners used a wooden, copper or bronze acupuncture model to show the points where needles should be applied to the skin and the meridians through which Qi flows around the body. However, as traditional models depict acupuncture points which are too rigid for teaching purposes, understanding the descriptions of acupuncture points from textbooks in 2D is also another hurdle for beginners to apply them to the human body in 3D. With modern computing and 3D-printing technologies, this article introduces a realistic human model in the form of a 6-foot copper acupuncture sculpture with over 370 virtual acupuncture points using state-of-the-art Augmented Reality (AR) and metal 3D-printing techniques for enhanced teaching, learning, and demonstration of acupuncture principles. It will be a new training model for Western and Chinese medical practitioners as well as for the public to gain interactive acupuncture experience that is beneficial to their own health.
{"title":"The future of acupuncture education: 3D Augmented Reality (AR) acupuncture model for Chinese Medicine","authors":"Carrison K. S. Tong, Oliver C M Chan, E. Yu","doi":"10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Acupuncture is a therapeutic modality in Traditional Chinese Medicine which aims to improve the flow of Qi (chi) or energy around the body by applying needles to specific points on the skin. Traditional Chinese Medicine teaches that Qi must flow freely through the body’s meridians, or channels, to ensure health and well-being. Traditionally, Chinese Medicine practitioners used a wooden, copper or bronze acupuncture model to show the points where needles should be applied to the skin and the meridians through which Qi flows around the body. However, as traditional models depict acupuncture points which are too rigid for teaching purposes, understanding the descriptions of acupuncture points from textbooks in 2D is also another hurdle for beginners to apply them to the human body in 3D. With modern computing and 3D-printing technologies, this article introduces a realistic human model in the form of a 6-foot copper acupuncture sculpture with over 370 virtual acupuncture points using state-of-the-art Augmented Reality (AR) and metal 3D-printing techniques for enhanced teaching, learning, and demonstration of acupuncture principles. It will be a new training model for Western and Chinese medical practitioners as well as for the public to gain interactive acupuncture experience that is beneficial to their own health.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamir Bendory, Ti-Yen Lan, Nicholas F Marshall, Iris Rukshin, Amit Singer
We consider the multi-target detection problem of estimating a two-dimensional target image from a large noisy measurement image that contains many randomly rotated and translated copies of the target image. Motivated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we focus on the low signal-to-noise regime, where it is difficult to estimate the locations and orientations of the target images in the measurement. Our approach uses autocorrelation analysis to estimate rotationally and translationally invariant features of the target image. We demonstrate that, regardless of the level of noise, our technique can be used to recover the target image when the measurement is sufficiently large.
{"title":"MULTI-TARGET DETECTION WITH ROTATIONS.","authors":"Tamir Bendory, Ti-Yen Lan, Nicholas F Marshall, Iris Rukshin, Amit Singer","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2022046","DOIUrl":"10.3934/ipi.2022046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We consider the multi-target detection problem of estimating a two-dimensional target image from a large noisy measurement image that contains many randomly rotated and translated copies of the target image. Motivated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we focus on the low signal-to-noise regime, where it is difficult to estimate the locations and orientations of the target images in the measurement. Our approach uses autocorrelation analysis to estimate rotationally and translationally invariant features of the target image. We demonstrate that, regardless of the level of noise, our technique can be used to recover the target image when the measurement is sufficiently large.</p>","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":"19 1","pages":"362-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82025800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.33430/v30n1thie-2021-0026
S. S. Chen, Yuqing Sun, Liang Chen, Mingjing He, A. Chiu, William Cheung, Daniel C W Tsang
Sustainable drainage systems (SuDSs) have been increasingly implemented to mitigate the stress of urbanisation, climate change, and water scarcity. However, SuDS construction in densely populated metropolitan cities with a subtropical monsoon climate such as that of Hong Kong may encounter challenging field conditions and site constraints. This fieldscale study aimed to verify the performance of bioswale for flood resilience and water quality improvement under various simulated rainfall scenarios with different intermittency and intensity. In the six simulated rainfall events, the results showed that metal removal and flow attenuation were excellent under minor and moderate rainfall events, while the system performance was compromised during intensive rainfall events. The removal of turbidity and nutrients from the runoff was moderate owing to the low contaminant levels in the synthetic stormwater. The dry state of soil media led to more fluctuating results for water quality control. To further enhance the treatment capability under practical site constraints, the addition of appropriate soil amendments and the integrated use of different SuDS measures are recommended in order to achieve sustainable development goals and resilient water management.
{"title":"Evaluation of bioswale efficiency in consideration of climate and design features: A case study in Hong Kong","authors":"S. S. Chen, Yuqing Sun, Liang Chen, Mingjing He, A. Chiu, William Cheung, Daniel C W Tsang","doi":"10.33430/v30n1thie-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable drainage systems (SuDSs) have been increasingly implemented to mitigate the stress of urbanisation, climate change, and water scarcity. However, SuDS construction in densely populated metropolitan cities with a subtropical monsoon climate such as that of Hong Kong may encounter challenging field conditions and site constraints. This fieldscale study aimed to verify the performance of bioswale for flood resilience and water quality improvement under various simulated rainfall scenarios with different intermittency and intensity. In the six simulated rainfall events, the results showed that metal removal and flow attenuation were excellent under minor and moderate rainfall events, while the system performance was compromised during intensive rainfall events. The removal of turbidity and nutrients from the runoff was moderate owing to the low contaminant levels in the synthetic stormwater. The dry state of soil media led to more fluctuating results for water quality control. To further enhance the treatment capability under practical site constraints, the addition of appropriate soil amendments and the integrated use of different SuDS measures are recommended in order to achieve sustainable development goals and resilient water management.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48271473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0038
Chun Kuen Leung, V. L. Lu, Tak Lam Hung, Tobi Michael Alabi
Despite the proven benefits of solar bifacial photovoltaic (BPV) over monofacial PV (MPV) systems, the feasibility of the technology in subtropical climate regions has not been evaluated. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive energy performance evaluation of BPV in Hong Kong using numerical simulation and on-site experimental validation. Three types of solar PV modules, i.e. monofacial PV, framed BPV and frameless BPV, are studied experimentally under different tilt angles, mounting heights and slope orientations. The obtained field measurements and simulation results show that the average bifacial gain (BG) of a BPV system can reach 7.9% and 11.6% when facing south, and up to 167% when facing east. Furthermore, it was observed that an increase in tilt angle also influences the BG performance, and the annual electricity yield can be maximised by increasing the ground albedo through white painting on the roof surface. Finally, the obtained results in this study validate previous studies’ assertion that BPV is a viable option over MPV and provides a starting point for the adoption of BPV in subtropical climate regions, especially in Hong Kong.
{"title":"Energy performance evaluation of bifacial solar photovoltaic modules in Hong Kong","authors":"Chun Kuen Leung, V. L. Lu, Tak Lam Hung, Tobi Michael Alabi","doi":"10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the proven benefits of solar bifacial photovoltaic (BPV) over monofacial PV (MPV) systems, the feasibility of the technology in subtropical climate regions has not been evaluated. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive energy performance evaluation of BPV in Hong Kong using numerical simulation and on-site experimental validation. Three types of solar PV modules, i.e. monofacial PV, framed BPV and frameless BPV, are studied experimentally under different tilt angles, mounting heights and slope orientations. The obtained field measurements and simulation results show that the average bifacial gain (BG) of a BPV system can reach 7.9% and 11.6% when facing south, and up to 167% when facing east. Furthermore, it was observed that an increase in tilt angle also influences the BG performance, and the annual electricity yield can be maximised by increasing the ground albedo through white painting on the roof surface. Finally, the obtained results in this study validate previous studies’ assertion that BPV is a viable option over MPV and provides a starting point for the adoption of BPV in subtropical climate regions, especially in Hong Kong.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46574454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.33430/v30n1thie-2020-0023
M. De Filippo, Sasan Asadiabadi, J. Kuang, D. Mishra, Harris Sun
Worldwide there are plenty of aged Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings in need of thorough inspections. Cracks, delamination, stains, leakages, debonding and moisture ingressions are common defects found in RC structures. Such problems are typically diagnosed through qualitative assessment of visual and thermal photographs (data) by certified inspectors. However, qualitative inspections are very tedious, time-consuming and costly. This paper presents an alternative novel approach to drastically increase efficiency by decreasing the data collection and analysis time. Data collection for the inspection of facades is undertaken with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) either through an autonomous pre-programmed flight or through a human-piloted flight. Data analysis is performed by implementing up-to-date AI-powered algorithms to automatically detect defects on visual and thermal photographs. All the recognised defects and thermal anomalies are labelled on the building facade for comprehensive evaluation of the asset. This paper reports that the implementation of AIpowered inspections can save up to 67% of the time spent and 52% of the cost in comparison to the most commonly adopted practice in the industry with an average accuracy of 90.5% and 82% for detection of visual defects and thermal anomalies, respectively.
{"title":"AI-powered inspections of facades in reinforced concrete buildings","authors":"M. De Filippo, Sasan Asadiabadi, J. Kuang, D. Mishra, Harris Sun","doi":"10.33430/v30n1thie-2020-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33430/v30n1thie-2020-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide there are plenty of aged Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings in need of thorough inspections. Cracks, delamination, stains, leakages, debonding and moisture ingressions are common defects found in RC structures. Such problems are typically diagnosed through qualitative assessment of visual and thermal photographs (data) by certified inspectors. However, qualitative inspections are very tedious, time-consuming and costly. This paper presents an alternative novel approach to drastically increase efficiency by decreasing the data collection and analysis time. Data collection for the inspection of facades is undertaken with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) either through an autonomous pre-programmed flight or through a human-piloted flight. Data analysis is performed by implementing up-to-date AI-powered algorithms to automatically detect defects on visual and thermal photographs. All the recognised defects and thermal anomalies are labelled on the building facade for comprehensive evaluation of the asset. This paper reports that the implementation of AIpowered inspections can save up to 67% of the time spent and 52% of the cost in comparison to the most commonly adopted practice in the industry with an average accuracy of 90.5% and 82% for detection of visual defects and thermal anomalies, respectively.","PeriodicalId":35587,"journal":{"name":"Transactions Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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