Revista Cubana de Enfermeria最新文献

The goal of this paper is to provide information about pregnancy in adolescents and to influence those people who have to do with the situation of pregnant adolescents and the family and social consequences. The research was carried out at the Dr. Carlos Diez del Ciervo Hospital from 1989 to 1990. It included 1,500 cases and the variables considered were mothers' age, marital status, number of gestations, number of childbirth, residence and initiation of sexual life. The main findings are stated in detail.

Variability in glycaemia in revascularized patients in the immediate postoperative period was studied in order to determine the presence of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia coma, ketogenic and non-ketogenic, and the relation with hemodynamic changes. It was found that 15 patients (9.2%) from the Arteriology Service and two patients (7.1%) from the Diabetes Angiopathy Service had a non-ketogenic hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar coma and there was no ketogenic hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar coma. There were 32 patients (16.8%) with hemodynamic changes who had mild and moderate hyperglycaemia in the immediate postoperative period.

A case of pulmonary hemosiderosis was reported at the Eliseo Noel Caamaño Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Matanzas City. It was a three-year-old patient, with clinical picture and complementary investigations. A review was made of the literature regarding the disease, which is unusual in children, especially with such a clear cause. Because of its high morbidity and frequent mortality, it will be imperative to carry out early examination and adequate therapy. Emphasis is placed on specific nursing procedures for the management of this disease.

At the Files Department of the Matanzas Teaching Gynecological and Obstetrical Hospital, the case histories of the patients with heart disease and pregnancy were requested. These patients were cared for at the specialist outpatient treatment and the different wards of the hospital. Ten case histories were studied out of 3916 patients whose deliveries took place in 1988, accounting for 0.3 per cent of the total number of admissions. Such indicators as age showed a 20-25-year-old mode and a 26-year-old mean age. Primiparas had a higher incidence than those women with more than one delivery. Acquired heart diseases occurred in more than half of the cases. There were no results concerning perinatal mortality I and maternal mortality.

Heart rate changes during the immediate postoperative period were studied in 190 patients that underwent revascularization surgery. At the same time, other cardiovascular complications in those patients were analyzed. In 89 patients (46.8%), cardiovascular antecedents were found. Ischemic heart disease was found in 84 patients (44.2%). The most common cardiac arrhythmia was found to be sinus tachycardia, which was seen in 87 patients (45.7%). Following in order of frequency were supraventricular extrasystoles together with ventricular extrasystoles in 18 patients (9.4%) and isolated ventricular extrasystoles in 16 (8.4%). The most common cardiovascular and hemodynamic complications, both associated and as predisposing causes, were high blood pressure in isolation or combined with heart failure found in 58 (30.5%) and 8 (4.3%) patients, respectively. Hypokalemia played an important role since it was found in 105 patients (55.3%), 90 of whom had cardiac arrhythmia (85.7%). Seven revascularized patients (3.7%) died due to cardiovascular causes.

In order to determine the sepsis induced by the practice of canalizing the deep venous sector in revascularized patients, 43 catheters removed from 43 patients were cultured; no sepsis induced by this practice was found and 13 catheters had positive cultures, which amounted to 30.3% of the sample under study; five catheters (38.4%) with positive cultures belonged to patients who showed no sepsis; eight catheters (61.5%) with positive cultures corresponded to patients who showed septic focci. The average stay was 4.07 days. The germ most frequently found was negative coagulase staphylococcus.

Schistosomiasis is one of the parasitical infections with widest world distribution and its epidemiological surveillance proves vital for Cuba. A pack of programs is presented for processing data of the surveillance system for this disease. It may provide information on the state of the screening of international travellers, both Cuban and foreign, who may be at risk.

A study was carried out with patients who would undergo surgical intervention due to congenital heart malformations; skin samples were taken for bacteriological cultures in the preoperative period, both in the ward and the operating room, in order to determine if there are differences and if pathogenic organisms are present. The paper points out a high positiveness to negative coagulase staphylococcus and discusses the possible pathogenicity.

In cultures of secretions from 101 distal ends of endotracheal tubes removed from patients recently operated on due to several vascular affections, 41.6% of them were positive to different germs: pathogenic (7.9%), potentially pathogenic (12.9%), habitual in the oropharynx (3.9%), opportunistic (4.9%), contaminating (0.9%). Out of the 18.8% of patients recently operated on for acute inflammatory pneumopathy, 68.4% of them had positive cultures of the secretions in the distal ends of the removed endotracheal tubes. Hemocultures were carried out in 34.7% of the patients and 17.1% of them were found positive, although the germs found in the endotracheal tubes and the hemocultures were different. In the immediate postoperative period 48.5% of the gastric pH test were carried out and it was found that 37.6% of them were lower than 4, and 10.9% were higher than 4.1. Among the diseased, 28.6% had acute inflammatory pneumopathy and positive cultures of the secretions in the endotracheal tubes removed.

A survey was carried out in order to determine if bronchial asthma represents a health problem in two rural areas under the medical assistance of family doctors' offices (Argeo Martínez and Manguito del Guaso). All the case histories in the zones under study were reviewed. It was found that, in spite of the low prevalence in both areas, there is a diseased for each 28 persons, being female the most affected.