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International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS)最新文献

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Analysis of Student’s Mathematical Problem Solving Abilities Based on Heuristic Strategy of Krulik and Rudnick Types 基于克鲁利克和鲁德尼克启发式策略的学生数学解题能力分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.951
Khairunnisa
This research explores the multifaceted concept of translanguaging in the context of teaching English as a foreign language in three universities in North Sumatra. Translanguaging, a term encompassing various aspects of multilingualism, is examined as a pedagogical approach that utilizes multiple languages within a classroom setting. The study investigates translanguaging practices among lecturers and aims to address three key research questions: the types of translanguaging practices, perceptions of lecturers and students, and the motivations behind incorporating translanguaging in teaching and learning activities. The research method is a qualitative method with a case study approach model focusing on the exploration of a "bounded system" on one specific case or on some cases in detail by exploring data in depth. Through a combination of surveys and interviews with lecturers, the study identifies eight motivations for the intentional use of translanguaging practices. These motivations include adjusting to students' proficiency levels, clarification, and emphasis, translanguaging as an academic strategy, providing challenges for student growth, considering diverse student demographics, expressing firmness and solidarity, addressing real lexical needs in communication, and expressing group identity. The findings reveal positive responses to translanguaging from both lecturers and students, highlighting its versatility in meeting educational objectives and fostering effective communication in diverse learning environments. The motivations align with existing literature, emphasizing the adaptability and significance of translanguaging in enriching the teaching and learning experience. The study concludes with several insights into translanguaging practices in North Sumatra's universities and recommends possibilities for future research and practical implementation. The proposed recommendations include professional development for lecturers, curriculum design, student training, and calls for more studies in tranlanguaging. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of translanguaging motivations and offers practical suggestions for enhancing its integration in higher education institutions.
本研究以北苏门答腊三所大学的英语外语教学为背景,探讨了 "翻译语言 "这一多元概念。Translanguaging 是一个包含多种语言的术语,被视为一种在课堂环境中使用多种语言的教学方法。本研究调查了讲师的译语教学实践,旨在解决三个关键研究问题:译语教学实践的类型、讲师和学生的看法以及将译语教学纳入教学活动的动机。研究方法是一种定性方法,采用案例研究的模式,侧重于通过深入挖掘数据,对一个具体案例或某些案例的细节进行 "有界系统 "的探索。通过调查和对讲师的访谈,本研究确定了有意使用翻译语言实践的八个动机。这些动机包括:根据学生的水平进行调整、澄清和强调、将翻译语言作为一种学术策略、为学生的成长提供挑战、考虑不同的学生群体、表达坚定和团结、解决交流中的实际词汇需求以及表达群体身份。研究结果表明,讲师和学生都对翻译语言做出了积极回应,突出了翻译语言在实现教育目标和促进多样化学习环境中有效交流方面的多功能性。这些动机与现有文献一致,强调了翻译语言在丰富教学体验方面的适应性和重要性。研究最后对北苏门答腊各大学的翻译语言实践提出了一些见解,并为未来研究和实际实施提出了建议。提出的建议包括讲师的专业发展、课程设计、学生培训,并呼吁开展更多的翻译语言研究。总之,这项研究有助于人们了解转译语言的动机,并为加强转译语言在高等教育机构中的整合提供了切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Defense Management for Overcoming Illegal Fishing in Indonesian Waters: Impact Analysis and Handling Strategy 印度尼西亚水域打击非法捕鱼的防御管理:影响分析和处理策略
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.756
Habibul Quran, Fauzia G Cempaka, Makmur Supriyatno, Hikmat Zakky, al Mubaroq, Arya Dewa Nugroho
Indonesia, as an archipelagic nation rich in marine resources, faces a serious issue related to illegal fishing. This illegal fishing practice involves foreign vessels entering Indonesian waters without permission and violating established fishing regulations. The phenomenon of illegal fishing has been a major concern for several decades due to its detrimental impact on marine resources, ecosystems, and the livelihoods of local fishermen. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue of illegal fishing in Indonesia. Additionally, it aims to respond to this challenge by exploring the role and strategies of defense management in addressing illegal fishing in Indonesian waters. The method used in this research is qualitative, with data collection techniques including interviews, journals, books, and documents. The results of this study indicate that illegal fishing poses a significant threat to Indonesia's marine resources, security, and the livelihoods of coastal communities. To address this issue, cooperation between the government, communities, and relevant institutions is necessary. Firm measures such as strong law enforcement, maximum maritime surveillance, and international cooperation are crucial. The role of fishermen in collaboration with law enforcement authorities is also crucial in protecting Indonesia's waters. Defense management, including maritime surveillance and the development of stringent policies, must also be considered to protect the country's security from the threat of illegal fishing.
作为一个海洋资源丰富的群岛国家,印度尼西亚面临着与非法捕鱼有关的严重问题。这种非法捕鱼行为涉及外国船只未经许可进入印度尼西亚水域,并违反既定的捕鱼规定。由于非法捕鱼对海洋资源、生态系统和当地渔民的生计造成有害影响,几十年来,非法捕鱼现象一直是人们关注的主要问题。本研究的目的是全面了解印度尼西亚的非法捕鱼问题。此外,本研究还旨在通过探讨防御管理在解决印尼水域非法捕鱼问题中的作用和策略来应对这一挑战。本研究采用定性研究方法,数据收集技术包括访谈、期刊、书籍和文件。研究结果表明,非法捕鱼对印尼的海洋资源、安全和沿海社区的生计构成了重大威胁。要解决这一问题,政府、社区和相关机构之间必须开展合作。强有力的执法、最大限度的海上监视和国际合作等坚定措施至关重要。渔民与执法部门的合作对于保护印尼水域也至关重要。还必须考虑国防管理,包括海上监视和制定严格的政策,以保护国家安全免受非法捕鱼的威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesian Bio-Electric Therapists with a Qualitative Approach 以定性方法研究印度尼西亚生物电治疗师的社会企业家精神
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.778
Tsabita Khwarazmita, Management
Social entrepreneurship has the advantage of being based on a social vision and mission by solving social problems or challenges. It takes the form of social entrepreneurship carried out by social entrepreneurs. This research discusses exploring health as part of a social problem with a focus on social entrepreneurs in alternative health BE (Bio-Electric). Through in-depth interviews with five respondents as alternative health therapists in Indonesia who were selected in the East Java area. Data and information were collected through open questionnaires administered to respondents given to respondents who had the same questions as the interview. The data obtained relates to origin, education, type of entrepreneur, length of time, and type of entrepreneurship. When analyzing social therapist cases based on interview results, it was found that respondents 1) understood social entrepreneurship well, 2) they had consciously implemented this type of social entrepreneurship, 3) they explained a form of BE (Bio-Electric) therapy which did not require special skills, but still have to take training to find out more, 4) They have previous social experience relevant and not relevant to health, 5) They are very confident in their skills as therapists which apart from being able to help other people and help with social problems related to health, 6) Social experience underlies their social self-efficacy in carrying out social actions. This study investigates social entrepreneurship in alternative health therapists, with a focus on those working in the bioelectric domain. Based on their social experiences, the results show that these therapists are confident in their ability to contribute through social entrepreneurship. They possess advanced education and recognize the value of social interactions in their line of work. Because the profession is based on treatment experience and is estimated without a license, it is dubious. Involvement in religion is also proven to be essential to social entrepreneurship since it facilitates the process of social action. Although religion is sometimes disregarded in the study of entrepreneurship, its importance can strengthen the authority of studies in the area and present new challenges. According to the research, religion may boost the self-efficacy of alternative health therapists and motivate them to take social action.
社会创业的优势在于通过解决社会问题或挑战来实现社会愿景和使命。它以社会企业家开展社会创业的形式出现。本研究探讨了作为社会问题一部分的健康问题,重点关注替代健康 BE(生物电)领域的社会企业家。通过对印度尼西亚东爪哇地区选取的五名替代保健治疗师进行深入访谈。通过向受访者发放的公开问卷收集数据和信息,问卷中的问题与访谈中的问题相同。获得的数据涉及籍贯、教育程度、创业类型、创业时间长短和创业类型。根据访谈结果分析社会治疗师案例时发现,受访者 1) 非常了解社会创业;2) 他们有意识地实施了这种社会创业;3) 他们解释了一种不需要特殊技能的 BE(生物电)疗法,但仍需参加培训以了解更多、4)他们以前有过与健康相关或不相关的社会经验,5)他们对自己作为治疗师的技能非常有信心,除了能够帮助他人,还能帮助解决与健康相关的社会问题,6)社会经验是他们开展社会行动的社会自我效能的基础。本研究调查了另类健康治疗师的社会企业家精神,重点是生物电领域的治疗师。根据他们的社会经验,研究结果表明,这些治疗师对自己通过社会创业做出贡献的能力充满信心。他们受过高等教育,认识到社会互动在其工作中的价值。由于这一职业是以治疗经验为基础的,而且是在没有执照的情况下估算出来的,因此令人生疑。事实证明,参与宗教对社会创业也至关重要,因为宗教促进社会行动的进程。虽然宗教有时在创业研究中被忽视,但其重要性可以加强该领域研究的权威性,并提出新的挑战。根据研究,宗教可以提高替代保健治疗师的自我效能,激励他们采取社会行动。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual Capital and Value of the Firm: A Systematic Literature Review 智力资本与企业价值:系统性文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.777
Anik Malikah, Umi Nandiroh
This literature review examines the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate value. Intellectual capital is an intangible asset in an organization, including human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing empirical research, theories, and findings related to the impact of intellectual capital on company value. The study used a systematic strategy to identify relevant articles from academic databases and specialized journals. The selected studies are analyzed and synthesized to identify common themes and patterns. The findings show a positive relationship between intellectual capital and firm value, with research consistently showing that intellectual capital contributes to improved financial performance, market value, and competitive advantage. Various measurement and evaluation methods, such as scorecards, valuation techniques, and intellectual property management, have assessed the impact of intellectual capital. The review also highlights the importance of effective management and leveraging intellectual capital for long-term organizational success. However, the literature review identified several research gaps, including the need for more longitudinal studies, industry-specific investigations, and further exploration of how intellectual capital translates into corporate value. Overall, this review contributes to understanding how intellectual capital drives corporate value and provides insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers looking to leverage intangible assets for sustainable competitive advantage.
本文献综述探讨了智力资本与企业价值之间的关系。智力资本是组织中的无形资产,包括人力资本、结构资本和关系资本。本综述旨在全面概述与智力资本对公司价值的影响有关的现有实证研究、理论和结论。本研究采用系统化策略,从学术数据库和专业期刊中查找相关文章。对所选研究进行分析和综合,以确定共同的主题和模式。研究结果表明,知识资本与公司价值之间存在正相关关系,研究一致表明,知识资本有助于提高财务业绩、市场价值和竞争优势。各种衡量和评估方法,如记分卡、估值技术和知识产权管理,都对知识资本的影响进行了评估。文献综述还强调了有效管理和利用知识资本对组织取得长期成功的重要性。不过,文献综述也发现了一些研究空白,包括需要更多的纵向研究、针对特定行业的调查,以及进一步探索知识资本如何转化为企业价值。总之,本综述有助于理解知识资本如何推动企业价值,并为希望利用无形资产获得可持续竞争优势的研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者提供见解。
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引用次数: 0
Higher Education Language Translation Practices in North Sumatra: Case Study of Lecturer and Student Perceptions 北苏门答腊高等教育语言翻译实践:关于讲师和学生看法的案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.823
Kresna Ningsih Manik, Yong Heng Sai Davis, Irene Ardyani Nababan, Agus Salim Marpaung, Masitowarni Siregar, T. Silvana Sinar
This research explores the multifaceted concept of translanguaging in the context of teaching English as a foreign language in three universities in North Sumatra. Translanguaging, a term encompassing various aspects of multilingualism, is examined as a pedagogical approach that utilizes multiple languages within a classroom setting. The study investigates translanguaging practices among lecturers and aims to address three key research questions: the types of translanguaging practices, perceptions of lecturers and students, and the motivations behind incorporating translanguaging in teaching and learning activities. The research method is a qualitative method with a case study approach model focusing on the exploration of a "bounded system" on one specific case or on some cases in detail by exploring data in depth. Through a combination of surveys and interviews with lecturers, the study identifies eight motivations for the intentional use of translanguaging practices. These motivations include adjusting to students' proficiency levels, clarification, and emphasis, translanguaging as an academic strategy, providing challenges for student growth, considering diverse student demographics, expressing firmness and solidarity, addressing real lexical needs in communication, and expressing group identity. The findings reveal positive responses to translanguaging from both lecturers and students, highlighting its versatility in meeting educational objectives and fostering effective communication in diverse learning environments. The motivations align with existing literature, emphasizing the adaptability and significance of translanguaging in enriching the teaching and learning experience. The study concludes with several insights into translanguaging practices in North Sumatra's universities and recommends possibilities for future research and practical implementation. The proposed recommendations include professional development for lecturers, curriculum design, student training, and calls for more studies in tranlanguaging. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of translanguaging motivations and offers practical suggestions for enhancing its integration in higher education institutions.
本研究以北苏门答腊三所大学的英语外语教学为背景,探讨了 "翻译语言 "这一多元概念。Translanguaging 是一个包含多种语言的术语,被视为一种在课堂环境中使用多种语言的教学方法。本研究调查了讲师的译语教学实践,旨在解决三个关键研究问题:译语教学实践的类型、讲师和学生的看法以及将译语教学纳入教学活动的动机。研究方法是一种定性方法,采用案例研究模式,侧重于通过深入挖掘数据,对一个具体案例或某些案例的细节进行 "有界系统 "的探索。通过调查和对讲师的访谈,本研究确定了有意使用翻译语言实践的八个动机。这些动机包括:根据学生的水平进行调整、澄清和强调、将翻译语言作为一种学术策略、为学生的成长提供挑战、考虑不同的学生群体、表达坚定和团结、解决交流中的实际词汇需求以及表达群体身份。研究结果表明,讲师和学生都对翻译语言做出了积极回应,突出了翻译语言在实现教育目标和促进多样化学习环境中有效交流方面的多功能性。这些动机与现有文献一致,强调了翻译语言在丰富教学体验方面的适应性和重要性。研究最后对北苏门答腊各大学的翻译语言实践提出了一些见解,并为未来研究和实际实施提出了建议。提出的建议包括讲师的专业发展、课程设计、学生培训,并呼吁开展更多的转语言研究。总之,这项研究有助于人们了解转译语言的动机,并为加强转译语言在高等教育机构中的整合提供了切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 0
A Mathematical Approach to Optimize Security Crisis Management and Strengthen National Defense in DKI Jakarta Province 优化安全危机管理和加强雅加达省国防的数学方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.726
Anatansyah Ayomi Anandari, A. F. Wadjdi, Gentio Harsono
This research aims to apply military mathematical models in decision making for security crisis management in DKI Jakarta Province. This research departs from the urgent need to deal with crime problems and improve regional security. Regression model is used to analyze the relationship between independent variables (Pure Participation Rate, Unemployment, Gini Index, and GRDP) and dependent variable (Criminal Risk). Historical and current data on security, education, employment, income inequality, and the economy were collected for analysis. The results show that Net Enrolment Rate and Unemployment have a negative influence on Criminal Risk, while Gini Index and GRDP have a positive influence. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the security crisis in the region. Based on the analysis results, this study concludes that the application of military mathematical models can be an important reference for the government in addressing the crime problem and improving security in DKI Jakarta Province. The proposed recommendations are to improve access to education, reduce the unemployment rate, address income inequality, and strengthen the economic sector. The implementation of integrated policies between government agencies is also considered important to achieve optimal results in overcoming the security crisis.
本研究旨在将军事数学模型应用于雅加达省的安全危机管理决策中。本研究的出发点是解决犯罪问题和改善地区安全的迫切需要。回归模型用于分析自变量(纯参与率、失业率、基尼指数和 GRDP)与因变量(犯罪风险)之间的关系。为进行分析,收集了有关安全、教育、就业、收入不平等和经济的历史和当前数据。结果显示,净入学率和失业率对犯罪风险有负面影响,而基尼指数和 GRDP 有正面影响。这些研究结果使我们对造成该地区安全危机的因素有了更深入的了解。根据分析结果,本研究得出结论:军事数学模型的应用可以为政府解决雅加达省的犯罪问题和改善安全状况提供重要参考。提出的建议包括:改善受教育机会、降低失业率、解决收入不平等问题以及加强经济部门。在政府机构之间实施综合政策对于克服安全危机取得最佳效果也很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Alutsista Procurement Management as a Means of State Defense to Support the Role of The Indonesian’s Army in Implementing Duties 优化 Alutsista 采购管理,将其作为支持印尼军队履行职责的一种国防手段
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.775
Andi Setiawan, Yusuf Ali, Makmur Supriyatno
The rapid development of technology is also one of the gaps that can be used as a source of threat to the integrity of a country. Efforts made to maintain the country's integrity need to be supported by defense tools capable of supporting the achievement of these national goals. Developing an independent defense industry is very important in maintaining defense and defense in Indonesia. It is done to meet the needs of both the quality and quantity of defense equipment following the territory of Indonesia and eliminate dependence on other countries in the political field. This study aims to identify and clarify the management process for procuring defense equipment to support TNI personnel in carrying out their duties and increase Indonesia's competitiveness in the global market. In this study, field research was carried out using qualitative methods by reviewing the literature. The research findings show that logistics management in the defense field can support the TNI's role in maintaining the nation's integrity. By modifying the management of defense equipment procurement, the TNI can strengthen its capabilities in carrying out its duties more effectively and efficiently. The findings of this study are expected to guide related parties in making decisions regarding the procurement of defense equipment.
技术的飞速发展也是威胁国家完整的缺口之一。维护国家完整的努力需要能够支持实现这些国家目标的国防工具的支持。发展独立的国防工业对于维护印尼的国防事业非常重要。这样做是为了满足印尼境内对国防装备质量和数量的需求,并消除在政治领域对其他国家的依赖。本研究旨在确定和明确国防设备采购的管理流程,以支持印尼军队人员履行职责,提高印尼在全球市场的竞争力。本研究通过查阅文献资料,采用定性方法进行了实地调研。研究结果表明,国防领域的后勤管理可以支持印尼军队在维护国家完整方面发挥作用。通过改变国防设备采购的管理方式,印尼军队可以加强自身能力,更有效、更高效地履行职责。本研究的结果有望为相关各方在国防设备采购方面的决策提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Outsourcing Employee Recruitment And Selection Process 外包员工招聘和甄选流程
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.909
Kania Laelawati, Imas Komariyah, Sekolah Tinggi, Ilmu Ekonomi, Miftahul Huda
The impact of the recruitment and selection procedure on the performance of outsourced employees at Paskal Hyper Square Bandung has been studied. According to the findings of the study, the recruiting and selection processes have a favorable and significant effect on the performance of outsourced employees at Paskal Hyper Square Bandung, with recruitment being the most influential variable. Recruitment variables have a favorable and significant impact on outsourced employees' performance at Paskal Hyper Square Bandung
研究了招聘和选拔程序对万隆 Paskal Hyper Square 外包员工绩效的影响。研究结果表明,招聘和选拔程序对外包员工在 Paskal Hyper Square Bandung 的工作表现有着有利且显著的影响,其中招聘是影响最大的变量。招聘变量对万隆 Paskal Hyper Square 外包员工的绩效具有有利且显著的影响
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Criminal Liability As An Insurance Crime Perpetrator Based On Law Number 1 Of 2023 On Criminal Law 基于 2023 年第 1 号《刑法》的公司作为保险犯罪实施者的刑事责任
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.908
Rusli Rusli, Firman Halawa
The Insurance Law and the Indonesian Penal Code regulate criminal acts such as fraud during agreements and insurance claims. However, prior to Law No. 1 of 2023, criminal liability applied only to individuals, not corporations. This specific law establishes corporate criminal liability in insurance matters, enabling prosecution against corporations and their executives. Cumulative criminal threats are challenging to impose on corporations as they apply to executives, not the corporation itself. This study is a normative legal investigation exploring regulations, principles, and legal norms, aiming to accurately comprehend corporate criminal liability in the insurance field in Indonesia. Insurance crimes in Indonesia before the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023, such as fraud during agreements and claims, were governed by Articles 381 and 382 of the Penal Code. Insurance Law No. 40 of 2014 covers ten articles encompassing insurance crimes, including operating without a license, document forgery, and misuse of confidential information. Articles 45-50 of Law No. 1 of 2023 establish corporations as subjects of criminal acts in insurance. Penal sanctions include fines and additional penalties, focusing on impact assessment and losses, governing a specific accountability system within insurance-related criminal acts.
保险法》和《印度尼西亚刑法典》对协议和保险索赔中的欺诈等犯罪行为做出了规定。然而,在 2023 年第 1 号法律之前,刑事责任仅适用于个人,不适用于公司。这部专门的法律规定了保险事务中的公司刑事责任,允许对公司及其高管提起诉讼。对公司施加累积刑事威胁具有挑战性,因为它们适用于高管,而非公司本身。本研究是一项探索法规、原则和法律规范的规范性法律调查,旨在准确理解印尼保险领域的公司刑事责任。在 2023 年第 1 号法律颁布之前,印尼的保险犯罪(如协议和索赔过程中的欺诈)由《刑法典》第 381 条和第 382 条管辖。2014 年第 40 号《保险法》涵盖十条保险犯罪条款,包括无证经营、伪造文件和滥用机密信息。2023 年第 1 号法律第 45-50 条规定公司为保险犯罪行为的主体。刑事制裁包括罚款和附加处罚,重点是影响评估和损失,在与保险有关的犯罪行为中规定了具体的问责制度。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect Of Widyaiswara Functional Position Formation On Motivation, Work Discipline, And Performance Of Widyaiswara Functional Officials At Medan Religious Training Center 棉兰宗教培训中心的 Widyaiswara 职能岗位设置对 Widyaiswara 职能官员的工作动机、工作纪律和绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.891
Yusri Thamrin, Kiki Farida, Ferine
Human resources play a very important role in determining the progress of a country. Even though the country has abundant natural resources, if they are not supported or supported by quality human resources, the country will not be able to progress. The type of research used was associative quantitative. This research was carried out at the Medan Religious Education and Training Center office, the research population was 31 employees and the sampling technique used was a saturated sampling technique because it counted the entire population as a sample, the data collection used was distributing questionnaires, research models This is an analysis process with measuring tools using Smart PLS version 3.3.3. The results of this research are as follows: Formation has a negative and insignificant effect on the Widyaiswara Discipline of the Medan Religious Education and Training Center. Formation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the Medan Religious Education and Training Center Widyaiswara. Formation has a positive and significant effect on the motivation of the Medan Religious Education and Training Center Widyaiswara.
人力资源在决定一个国家的进步方面发挥着非常重要的作用。即使一个国家拥有丰富的自然资源,但如果没有高质量的人力资源作为支撑或后盾,这个国家也无法取得进步。采用的研究类型是关联定量研究。本研究在棉兰宗教教育与培训中心办公室进行,研究对象为 31 名员工,使用的抽样技术是饱和抽样技术,因为它将整个人口作为样本,使用的数据收集方式是分发调查问卷,研究模型是使用 Smart PLS 3.3.3 版本的测量工具进行分析的过程。研究结果如下培养对棉兰宗教教育和培训中心的 Widyaiswara 纪律有负面影响,且影响不明显。培养对棉兰宗教教育与培训中心 Widyaiswara 的绩效有积极而显著的影响。培养对棉兰宗教教育与培训中心维德亚斯瓦拉的积极性有积极而重要的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS)
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