Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-12-17
D.L. Medvedev, N.A. Sedova
The article presents the promising field of micro-arc oxidation as a surface modification method with the purpose to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, aluminum, aluminum alloys and composites. Micro-arc oxidation is an electrochemical process that forms a thick, hard and highly adhesive ceramic oxide layer on the metal surfaces, thereby providing excellent protective properties. This method of hardening the metal surface was used in production in the manufacture of parts from AA5086 and VT6 alloys for industrial fans operating in chemically hazardous facilities. When using micro-arc oxidation, the strength and wear resistance of the internal parts of the fan to aggressive medium was increased. By that increased the trouble-free operation time and reduced the likelihood of destruction of the internal parts of the fan, which subsequently made it safer for employees to operate the fans in close proximity to the work area. This work examines the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys and composites, since the indicated materials are also widely used in various branches of industry. It also considers the role of alloying elements in influencing corrosion behavior, as well as the influence of microstructure and processing methods on corrosion resistance. In addition, the discussion extends to the corrosion behavior and protective measures for aluminum matrix composites, including the inclusion of reinforcing phases such as ceramic particles, fibers or nanoparticles. Throughout the article, the corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation treated surfaces, anodized aluminum layers, aluminum alloys and composites are critically assessed, analyzing the factors influencing their protective characteristics, such as the morphology, composition and thickness of the oxide layers, as well as environmental factors.
{"title":"Study of Micro-arc Oxidation as a Method for Improving the Technical Characteristics of AA5086 Aluminum and VT6 Titanium Alloys","authors":"D.L. Medvedev, N.A. Sedova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the promising field of micro-arc oxidation as a surface modification method with the purpose to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, aluminum, aluminum alloys and composites. Micro-arc oxidation is an electrochemical process that forms a thick, hard and highly adhesive ceramic oxide layer on the metal surfaces, thereby providing excellent protective properties. This method of hardening the metal surface was used in production in the manufacture of parts from AA5086 and VT6 alloys for industrial fans operating in chemically hazardous facilities. When using micro-arc oxidation, the strength and wear resistance of the internal parts of the fan to aggressive medium was increased. By that increased the trouble-free operation time and reduced the likelihood of destruction of the internal parts of the fan, which subsequently made it safer for employees to operate the fans in close proximity to the work area. This work examines the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys and composites, since the indicated materials are also widely used in various branches of industry. It also considers the role of alloying elements in influencing corrosion behavior, as well as the influence of microstructure and processing methods on corrosion resistance. In addition, the discussion extends to the corrosion behavior and protective measures for aluminum matrix composites, including the inclusion of reinforcing phases such as ceramic particles, fibers or nanoparticles. Throughout the article, the corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation treated surfaces, anodized aluminum layers, aluminum alloys and composites are critically assessed, analyzing the factors influencing their protective characteristics, such as the morphology, composition and thickness of the oxide layers, as well as environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-74-80
E.B. Sugak
In accordance with the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the occupational safety management system is being reformed in the country. The new model of this system, built on the basis of occupational risk management techniques, in particular, using the Deming — Shewhart cycle, makes it possible to qualitatively improve the prevention of occupational injuries. To methodologically support the transition to a new model of labor protection, the main regulatory documents were prepared and approved, and additions were made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. However, the introduction of preventive mechanisms to improve working conditions is hampered by the problem of taking into account injuries of light and moderate severity. The established long-term practice of ignoring a significant number of industrial hazards conflicts with the requirements of mandatory implementation of procedures for managing occupational risks, which affects the efficiency of the activities carried out. In particular, in the European Union countries 10–40 times more accidents are registered than in Russia, but at the same time the injury severity rate there is 10 times lower. The International Labor Organization, using a special indicator on fatal injury statistics, suggested that the real number of people injured at work in Russia could range from 600 thousand to 1.2 million people in year. Using the example of Heinrich injury pyramid, the methods for recognizing industrial hazards that are in an obvious and hidden state are considered. Evidence-based statistics on the positive impact of the number of identified hazards on workplace safety are also provided. Taking into account the existing practice of risk accounting, it is proposed to use the injury severity coefficient as the main indicator of production safety. At the same time, one should strive not to reduce the injury frequency rate, but, on the contrary, to increase it, which will indicate an improvement in the recording of injuries.
{"title":"The Impact of Accounting for Industrial Hazards on the Efficiency of Occupational Risk Management","authors":"E.B. Sugak","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-74-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-9-74-80","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance with the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the occupational safety management system is being reformed in the country. The new model of this system, built on the basis of occupational risk management techniques, in particular, using the Deming — Shewhart cycle, makes it possible to qualitatively improve the prevention of occupational injuries. To methodologically support the transition to a new model of labor protection, the main regulatory documents were prepared and approved, and additions were made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. However, the introduction of preventive mechanisms to improve working conditions is hampered by the problem of taking into account injuries of light and moderate severity. The established long-term practice of ignoring a significant number of industrial hazards conflicts with the requirements of mandatory implementation of procedures for managing occupational risks, which affects the efficiency of the activities carried out. In particular, in the European Union countries 10–40 times more accidents are registered than in Russia, but at the same time the injury severity rate there is 10 times lower. The International Labor Organization, using a special indicator on fatal injury statistics, suggested that the real number of people injured at work in Russia could range from 600 thousand to 1.2 million people in year. Using the example of Heinrich injury pyramid, the methods for recognizing industrial hazards that are in an obvious and hidden state are considered. Evidence-based statistics on the positive impact of the number of identified hazards on workplace safety are also provided. Taking into account the existing practice of risk accounting, it is proposed to use the injury severity coefficient as the main indicator of production safety. At the same time, one should strive not to reduce the injury frequency rate, but, on the contrary, to increase it, which will indicate an improvement in the recording of injuries.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135782498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-77-82
V.I. Golik, O.G. Burdzieva
Most of the metal ores are mined from the rock deposits by technologies with natural control of the state of rock massifs. Rationalization of the methods for controlling the state of an ore-bearing massif, considering their geomechanics, is becoming a priority direction for improving technologies for the development of complex structure ore deposits. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of managing the state of massifs based on the combination of filling mixtures in the conditions of the Sadon ore belt deposit. The complex of studies includes the engineering division of the massif with the allocation of engineering structural sections. By modeling on equivalent materials, a mechanism for the development of stresses in the vicinity of a working was established. It is determined that the studied massif is discrete with a gravitational-tectonic-structural stress field. Based on the experimental data, a model of the intensity of the ore-bearing massif is built on the basis of the hypothesis of wedging of the rocks of the bearing layer. The role of expansion stresses and backfill strength in the input of the massif into the volumetric compression mode is determined. A stress control technique is proposed by dividing the massif into geomechanically safe areas. It was proven that backfilling systems ensure the recovery of reserves, improve the quality of ores and preserve the earth surface, protecting the region from the negative impact of mining. The complexity of exploitation of ore-bearing massifs determines the need to monitor the geomechanics of ore-bearing rocks. The combination of technologies is a real step in improving mining production, as it allows to reduce ore dilution, increase labor productivity, and also improve the safety conditions of workers by increasing the reliability of technology parameters.
{"title":"Implementation of Occupational Safety Principles in the Underground Mining of Complex Structure Ore Deposits","authors":"V.I. Golik, O.G. Burdzieva","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-77-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-77-82","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the metal ores are mined from the rock deposits by technologies with natural control of the state of rock massifs. Rationalization of the methods for controlling the state of an ore-bearing massif, considering their geomechanics, is becoming a priority direction for improving technologies for the development of complex structure ore deposits. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of managing the state of massifs based on the combination of filling mixtures in the conditions of the Sadon ore belt deposit. The complex of studies includes the engineering division of the massif with the allocation of engineering structural sections. By modeling on equivalent materials, a mechanism for the development of stresses in the vicinity of a working was established. It is determined that the studied massif is discrete with a gravitational-tectonic-structural stress field. Based on the experimental data, a model of the intensity of the ore-bearing massif is built on the basis of the hypothesis of wedging of the rocks of the bearing layer. The role of expansion stresses and backfill strength in the input of the massif into the volumetric compression mode is determined. A stress control technique is proposed by dividing the massif into geomechanically safe areas. It was proven that backfilling systems ensure the recovery of reserves, improve the quality of ores and preserve the earth surface, protecting the region from the negative impact of mining. The complexity of exploitation of ore-bearing massifs determines the need to monitor the geomechanics of ore-bearing rocks. The combination of technologies is a real step in improving mining production, as it allows to reduce ore dilution, increase labor productivity, and also improve the safety conditions of workers by increasing the reliability of technology parameters.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-83-88
N.L. Vishnevskaya, M.Yu. Liskova, L.V. Plakhova
Increasing labor productivity is the most important task of modern production. Approved methods of psychological (staff motivation) and economic (wage increase) nature increased productivity within 2–3 %. At the same time, improving the ergonomic characteristics of the workplace can increase productivity by almost 15 %. The material is presented on the search for ways to increase labor productivity based on the assessment of the performance and ergonomic components of the workplace of operators of high-tech industries. The ergonomic characteristics of workplaces are analyzed in detail, in the forced «sitting» position, a discrepancy with the anthropometric parameters of employees is revealed almost everywhere. The conducted studies showed that the monotony of the production environment and the work performed lead to the development of monotony syndrome among operators, which creates conditions for the erroneous actions and the risk of non-standard situations in production. Significant loads on the operator visual analyzer during the 12-hour shift are created by observing information on the 6–8 screens of monitors located on the wall in the observation area near each workplace. A material on the study of the state of body reactions during work shifts is presented. An assessment of the state of the physiological functions of employees showed that these features of the labor activity of operators create excessive loads on the body, but, including volitional efforts, activating attention, concentration, operators adequately perform work on managing the process, thereby increasing the physiological price of production activities. Prophylactic measures are substantiated to improve the workplaces of operators, organize intra-shift rest, protect the visual analyzer and prevent fatigue.
{"title":"Ergonomic Factors and Operability of Operators of High-tech Industries","authors":"N.L. Vishnevskaya, M.Yu. Liskova, L.V. Plakhova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-83-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-83-88","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing labor productivity is the most important task of modern production. Approved methods of psychological (staff motivation) and economic (wage increase) nature increased productivity within 2–3 %. At the same time, improving the ergonomic characteristics of the workplace can increase productivity by almost 15 %. The material is presented on the search for ways to increase labor productivity based on the assessment of the performance and ergonomic components of the workplace of operators of high-tech industries. The ergonomic characteristics of workplaces are analyzed in detail, in the forced «sitting» position, a discrepancy with the anthropometric parameters of employees is revealed almost everywhere. The conducted studies showed that the monotony of the production environment and the work performed lead to the development of monotony syndrome among operators, which creates conditions for the erroneous actions and the risk of non-standard situations in production. Significant loads on the operator visual analyzer during the 12-hour shift are created by observing information on the 6–8 screens of monitors located on the wall in the observation area near each workplace. A material on the study of the state of body reactions during work shifts is presented. An assessment of the state of the physiological functions of employees showed that these features of the labor activity of operators create excessive loads on the body, but, including volitional efforts, activating attention, concentration, operators adequately perform work on managing the process, thereby increasing the physiological price of production activities. Prophylactic measures are substantiated to improve the workplaces of operators, organize intra-shift rest, protect the visual analyzer and prevent fatigue.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-7-14
E.E. Mastalygina, L.A. Kolesnikova, S.D. Brovina
Creation of the functionalized polymeric materials with additional properties is an important area of research. In this review the prospects are discussed related to imparting antimicrobial properties to polymers for further use of materials in the field of medicine, packaging products, hygiene and agricultural products, and other branches of industry. Based on the results of the assessment of existing methods, it is shown that the most technically simple approach is the introduction of an antimicrobial additive into the bulk of the polymer during its processing, which allows to avoid additional processing steps for the finished products. However, this approach is inexpedient from the point of view of saving the additive, which, as a rule, performs its functions only on the surface of the polymer products. Surface treatment of the finished polymer products with antimicrobial agents (coatings) is most preferable from the point of view of saving expensive additives. Among the antimicrobial additives used, inorganic substances (metals and their compounds), as well as organic and organometallic substances, including antibiotics, can be distinguished. As a rule, additives of natural origin, which are a mixture of substances, are distinguished into a separate group. According to the conducted analysis of the antimicrobial additives used, it is established that the inorganic antimicrobial additives are the most versatile for modifying various polymers. They can be used in the form of nanosized particles, which virtually eliminates their effect on the performance properties of the polymeric materials. In addition, the additives of inorganic nature have a high chemical and thermal stability, and therefore are suitable for introducing into the polymer melt at the stage of its processing. Organic and organometallic substances are, as a rule, more sensitive to high temperatures, which limits their use as additives in the polymeric materials. However, they are more effective against pathogenic microorganisms.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Additives for the Creation of Functional Polymer Materials for Various Applications","authors":"E.E. Mastalygina, L.A. Kolesnikova, S.D. Brovina","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-7-14","url":null,"abstract":"Creation of the functionalized polymeric materials with additional properties is an important area of research. In this review the prospects are discussed related to imparting antimicrobial properties to polymers for further use of materials in the field of medicine, packaging products, hygiene and agricultural products, and other branches of industry. Based on the results of the assessment of existing methods, it is shown that the most technically simple approach is the introduction of an antimicrobial additive into the bulk of the polymer during its processing, which allows to avoid additional processing steps for the finished products. However, this approach is inexpedient from the point of view of saving the additive, which, as a rule, performs its functions only on the surface of the polymer products. Surface treatment of the finished polymer products with antimicrobial agents (coatings) is most preferable from the point of view of saving expensive additives. Among the antimicrobial additives used, inorganic substances (metals and their compounds), as well as organic and organometallic substances, including antibiotics, can be distinguished. As a rule, additives of natural origin, which are a mixture of substances, are distinguished into a separate group. According to the conducted analysis of the antimicrobial additives used, it is established that the inorganic antimicrobial additives are the most versatile for modifying various polymers. They can be used in the form of nanosized particles, which virtually eliminates their effect on the performance properties of the polymeric materials. In addition, the additives of inorganic nature have a high chemical and thermal stability, and therefore are suitable for introducing into the polymer melt at the stage of its processing. Organic and organometallic substances are, as a rule, more sensitive to high temperatures, which limits their use as additives in the polymeric materials. However, they are more effective against pathogenic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of increasing air pressure with the depth on the calculation of the required amount of air in the deep mines is analyzed in the work. It is established that with an increase in air pressure, the values of the volumetric maximum permissible concentrations of toxic and explosive gases in it decrease, while their maximum permissible mass concentrations remain unchanged. Failure to consider the decrease in volumetric maximum allowable concentrations of toxic and explosive gases with depth when calculating the required amount of air in the mines in some cases can lead to an underestimation of air flow rates in working areas and, as a result, to an excess of maximum allowable concentrations of harmful gases. To move the same volume of air, local ventilation fans at great depths need to expend more power than at the surface. Therefore, when working at depth, it is required to use local ventilation fans with electric motors of greater power. When air is supplied to a greater depth, it is compressed and the volume flow decreases. Therefore, in order to maintain the required volumes of air at depth, it is required to increase its flow rate at the main fan installation. This should be considered when calculating the required amount of air in deep mines. The results obtained in the work can be applied in the design of deep mines and the development of methods for calculating the required amount of air for them. Based on the conducted research, the method was adjusted for calculating the amount of air used at the Glubokaya mine of the Skalisty mine of the Polar Branch of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel.
{"title":"On the Effect of Increasing Air Pressure with Depth on the Calculation of the Required Amount of Air in the Deep Mines","authors":"D.V. Olkhovsky, A.V. Zaytsev, N.N. Utkin, T.P. Darbinyan, A.A. Davydov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-89-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-89-94","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of increasing air pressure with the depth on the calculation of the required amount of air in the deep mines is analyzed in the work. It is established that with an increase in air pressure, the values of the volumetric maximum permissible concentrations of toxic and explosive gases in it decrease, while their maximum permissible mass concentrations remain unchanged. Failure to consider the decrease in volumetric maximum allowable concentrations of toxic and explosive gases with depth when calculating the required amount of air in the mines in some cases can lead to an underestimation of air flow rates in working areas and, as a result, to an excess of maximum allowable concentrations of harmful gases. To move the same volume of air, local ventilation fans at great depths need to expend more power than at the surface. Therefore, when working at depth, it is required to use local ventilation fans with electric motors of greater power. When air is supplied to a greater depth, it is compressed and the volume flow decreases. Therefore, in order to maintain the required volumes of air at depth, it is required to increase its flow rate at the main fan installation. This should be considered when calculating the required amount of air in deep mines. The results obtained in the work can be applied in the design of deep mines and the development of methods for calculating the required amount of air for them. Based on the conducted research, the method was adjusted for calculating the amount of air used at the Glubokaya mine of the Skalisty mine of the Polar Branch of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-15-19
I.A. Bolodyan, L.P. Vogman, D.A. Korolchenko
The results are presented related to the experimental and analytical studies of the relationship between the combustibility of materials and the parameters of ignition sources in the equipment with oxygen-enriched media and at an elevated pressure. It is shown that when materials used in the thermal chambers are heated, the temperature of spontaneous ignition increases significantly near combustion limits in terms of oxidant concentration and pressure, and a regime occurs, in which gasification of the sample can take place without ignition. The nature of the ignition of the insulation of the wire and materials depends on the current load. The time from the beginning of the short circuit to the beginning of the pyrolysis process, i.e. before the appearance of smoke, according to the calculations, is inversely dependent on the square of the current strength. The ignition delay time of the materials in the cable composition tends to decrease with increasing current. Moreover, at the same current density, the ignition delay time of materials from a single wire is less than that of a cable even with a current load of four wires. This circumstance and the patterns obtained for the ignition of materials from a single wire allow to conclude that the response time of the current protection for cables can be selected based on the delay time for the ignition of materials from a single wire.
{"title":"Experimental and Analytical Studies of the Relationship between the Combustibility of Materials and the Parameters of Ignition Sources in the Pressurized Chambers with Oxygen-Enriched Media and at the Elevated Pressure","authors":"I.A. Bolodyan, L.P. Vogman, D.A. Korolchenko","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-15-19","url":null,"abstract":"The results are presented related to the experimental and analytical studies of the relationship between the combustibility of materials and the parameters of ignition sources in the equipment with oxygen-enriched media and at an elevated pressure. It is shown that when materials used in the thermal chambers are heated, the temperature of spontaneous ignition increases significantly near combustion limits in terms of oxidant concentration and pressure, and a regime occurs, in which gasification of the sample can take place without ignition. The nature of the ignition of the insulation of the wire and materials depends on the current load. The time from the beginning of the short circuit to the beginning of the pyrolysis process, i.e. before the appearance of smoke, according to the calculations, is inversely dependent on the square of the current strength. The ignition delay time of the materials in the cable composition tends to decrease with increasing current. Moreover, at the same current density, the ignition delay time of materials from a single wire is less than that of a cable even with a current load of four wires. This circumstance and the patterns obtained for the ignition of materials from a single wire allow to conclude that the response time of the current protection for cables can be selected based on the delay time for the ignition of materials from a single wire.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135004702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Instability of the occupational injuries dynamics in recent years determined the need to improve the system of its prevention and a corresponding reduction in the injuries number. The study is devoted to the analysis of statistical data on fatal injuries at the facilities supervised by the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service of Russia. The analysis showed that the largest number of fatal injuries occurred at the electrical installations corresponding to the 6–35 kV voltage class, and the most traumatic professions in the power industry include: electrician — 66 % of all fatal injuries, electrical fitter and foreman — per 8 % for each profession. The analysis of the period duration that passed from the moment of checking knowledge on occupational safety to the moment of the injury allowed to conclude that it is required to improve approaches to training employees on occupational safety, due to the fact that the maximum level of fatal injuries is fixed after 1–3 months that passed since the moment of checking knowledge on occupational safety. The analysis of factors significant from the point of view of the risk of injury was carried out, and the most common technical and organizational reasons were identified based on the results of the investigation of injuries. The study substantiates the most promising areas of measures to reduce occupational injuries, and proposes the recommendations for improving such basic procedures of the occupational safety management system at enterprises as training employees in occupational safety, and assessing occupational risks. At the same time, it is required to consider that many procedures of the occupational safety management system, including training of employees in occupational safety, conducting a special assessment of working conditions and assessing occupational risks, are carried out by the enterprises with the involvement of the third-party organizations providing services in the field of occupational safety. Therefore, the main areas of measures to reduce the level of occupational injuries include not only the development of recommendations for the prevention of injuries and the reduction of occupational risks for employers, but also measures to stimulate the motivation of employees for safe work, as well as improving the quality of services of the third-party organizations in the field of occupational safety.
{"title":"Occupational Injuries: Analysis of the Main Causes and Prospects for Reduction","authors":"O.E. Kondrateva, O.A. Loktionov, N.V. Vasileva, D.A. Miroschnichenko, A.S. Efremova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-40-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-40-46","url":null,"abstract":"Instability of the occupational injuries dynamics in recent years determined the need to improve the system of its prevention and a corresponding reduction in the injuries number. The study is devoted to the analysis of statistical data on fatal injuries at the facilities supervised by the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service of Russia. The analysis showed that the largest number of fatal injuries occurred at the electrical installations corresponding to the 6–35 kV voltage class, and the most traumatic professions in the power industry include: electrician — 66 % of all fatal injuries, electrical fitter and foreman — per 8 % for each profession. The analysis of the period duration that passed from the moment of checking knowledge on occupational safety to the moment of the injury allowed to conclude that it is required to improve approaches to training employees on occupational safety, due to the fact that the maximum level of fatal injuries is fixed after 1–3 months that passed since the moment of checking knowledge on occupational safety. The analysis of factors significant from the point of view of the risk of injury was carried out, and the most common technical and organizational reasons were identified based on the results of the investigation of injuries. The study substantiates the most promising areas of measures to reduce occupational injuries, and proposes the recommendations for improving such basic procedures of the occupational safety management system at enterprises as training employees in occupational safety, and assessing occupational risks. At the same time, it is required to consider that many procedures of the occupational safety management system, including training of employees in occupational safety, conducting a special assessment of working conditions and assessing occupational risks, are carried out by the enterprises with the involvement of the third-party organizations providing services in the field of occupational safety. Therefore, the main areas of measures to reduce the level of occupational injuries include not only the development of recommendations for the prevention of injuries and the reduction of occupational risks for employers, but also measures to stimulate the motivation of employees for safe work, as well as improving the quality of services of the third-party organizations in the field of occupational safety.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135005027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-55-60
N.V. Cherdantsev
The fields of deformations and displacements of the marginal zone of the coal seam are determined on the basis of the associated law of plastic flow, in which the stress components are constructed within the framework of the previously developed model of the geomechanical state of the rock mass containing the coal seam and the workings passed through it. In this model, the stresses in the limiting zone of the seam are determined by the methods of mechanics of the bulk medium developed by the soviet scientist V.V. Sokolovsky. The condition for the destruction of the part of the marginal zone of the coal seam, which, according to the Coulomb-Mohr criterion, passed into the limit state (without hardening), that corresponds to the idealized Prandtl diagram, is that it exceeds the limiting indicator of the intensity of plastic deformations corresponding to the deformations of the coal sample during its uniaxial destruction by compression. This indicator is determined by the results of laboratory experiments with coal samples, or on the basis of available reference information on the mechanical characteristics of coal seams. Destruction of the part of the seam may be accompanied by such a dynamic phenomenon as a rock burst. Seam deformation in the extremely stressed zone is accompanied not only by a decrease in its thickness, but also by the movement of its edge into the goaf. With a significant size of the mined-out space, these displacements (bulging) can extend to several tens of centimeters.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-8-33-39
A.V. Shchipanov
Information is provided on the legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of organizations in the field of conducting internal audit of industrial safety. The relevance and expediency of applying the process approach at the stage of development and implementation of a system model of internal audit of industrial safety in an organization on the basis of GOST R ISO 19011—2021 is confirmed. The methodological substantiation of the process approach to the development of the industrial safety internal audit model using the well-known PDCA principle is given, the key issues of its applicability are considered. A matrix of processes and sub-processes was compiled in accordance with the typology of processes according to ISO (ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3), organization management processes, measurement, analysis and improvement processes, main processes and resource management processes, processes were also ranked by levels. The model was developed for creating a system model of internal audit of industrial safety in an organization based on the process approach, SADT structural analysis and design technology, and IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The development of the main context diagram of the process of organizing and conducting an audit in the IDEF0 notation was carried out. The decomposition of processes of the second and third levels is considered, and all their functional connections are described. The presented process modeling methodology makes it possible to achieve a positive effect in terms of ensuring, minimizing costs and terms for developing a system model of an audit organization and conduct. It is demonstrated that the process approach used in the design of a system model of audit organization and conduct allows structuring the composition of processes, clearly defining the input and output parameters of processes, process participants, resources, ensuring control and adjustment of processes.
提供了关于俄罗斯联邦立法文件的资料，这些文件规定了各组织在进行工业安全内部审计领域的活动。确认了在基于GOST R ISO 19011-2021的组织工业安全内部审核系统模型的开发和实施阶段应用过程方法的相关性和方便性。给出了利用PDCA原理建立工业安全内部审计模型的过程方法的方法学依据，并对其适用性的关键问题进行了考虑。按照ISO (ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3)、组织管理过程、测量、分析和改进过程、主要过程和资源管理过程的过程类型学编制过程和子过程矩阵，并对过程进行等级排序。该模型是基于过程方法、SADT结构分析与设计技术和IDEF0功能建模方法，为建立组织工业安全内部审计的系统模型而开发的。编制了以IDEF0记数法组织和进行审计过程的主要背景图。考虑了第二层和第三层过程的分解，并描述了它们之间的所有功能联系。所提出的流程建模方法可以在确保、最小化成本和开发审计组织和行为的系统模型方面取得积极效果。结果表明，在设计审核组织和实施的系统模型时使用的过程方法可以结构化过程的组成，明确定义过程的输入和输出参数、过程参与者、资源，确保过程的控制和调整。
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