Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-90-96
A. Tyurin
The results of studies of frequent violations of mandatory requirements in the field of activity of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service for the period 2016–2022 are presented. The main approaches used to analyze data in this area, which are found in the domestic and international practice, are described. Using the methods of structuring the collected materials considering the division into groups and subgroups in accordance with a certain criterion presented in the source data, and arranging the data in the required order, the causes and types of identified violations are investigated. The enlarged groups of violations detected by different types of state supervision (in the field of nuclear energy use, energy supervision, construction supervision, industrial safety supervision) are identified. The purpose of the study is to systematize open data for the period of 2016–2022 for the subsequent identification of the distribution of the number of recorded cases of violations in various sections — according to the severity of the consequences, as a percentage of detected violations by enlarged groups of violations. When checking the data for compliance with the Pareto rule, it is shown that, on the one hand, 13 % of the detected types of violations of mandatory requirements lead to 80 % of the total number of violations detected, on the other hand, 13.3 % of the main causes of violations also lead to 80 % of the total number of violations detected. The parameters of the presented open data are identified, the completion of which can lead to a refinement of the obtained values in the analysis of the identified violations, as well as the key types of violations, for which there are no well-developed methods for assessing the risk of consequences and the severity of negative consequences.
{"title":"Analysis of Frequently Occurring Violations of the Mandatory Requirements in the Field of Activity of Rostechnadzor for the Period 2016–2022","authors":"A. Tyurin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-90-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-90-96","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies of frequent violations of mandatory requirements in the field of activity of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service for the period 2016–2022 are presented. The main approaches used to analyze data in this area, which are found in the domestic and international practice, are described. Using the methods of structuring the collected materials considering the division into groups and subgroups in accordance with a certain criterion presented in the source data, and arranging the data in the required order, the causes and types of identified violations are investigated. The enlarged groups of violations detected by different types of state supervision (in the field of nuclear energy use, energy supervision, construction supervision, industrial safety supervision) are identified. The purpose of the study is to systematize open data for the period of 2016–2022 for the subsequent identification of the distribution of the number of recorded cases of violations in various sections — according to the severity of the consequences, as a percentage of detected violations by enlarged groups of violations. When checking the data for compliance with the Pareto rule, it is shown that, on the one hand, 13 % of the detected types of violations of mandatory requirements lead to 80 % of the total number of violations detected, on the other hand, 13.3 % of the main causes of violations also lead to 80 % of the total number of violations detected. The parameters of the presented open data are identified, the completion of which can lead to a refinement of the obtained values in the analysis of the identified violations, as well as the key types of violations, for which there are no well-developed methods for assessing the risk of consequences and the severity of negative consequences.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49392908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-81-89
M. Berlinov
A general approach to the vibration safety of capital construction objects in Russia under the conditions of dynamic effects from industrial equipment is given based on the analysis of the requirements for the structures of buildings and facilities at the design and operation stage. The directions that are related to buildings and structures are described, including the mechanical safety requirements for buildings and structures. The analysis was carried out in order to determine the requirements for the structures of buildings and facilities that require processing in order to harmonize Russian regulatory technical documents in construction and industrial safety. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by its compliance with the main goals and objectives of the Russian state policy in the field of industrial safety, aimed at consistently reducing the risks of accidents occurrence at the industrial facilities, and minimizing their negative consequences. The article states that the characteristics of the elements of building structures, which were considered during the design in dynamic calculations of the strength and stability of a building or structure, may change during operation under the influence of climatic factors or aggressive influences of external and internal environments, including the influence of technological processes that can cause fatigue phenomena in the material of building structures. The method of calculation for dynamic loads of structures of buildings and facilities, considering the changes in power and environmental influences during operation, is briefly described. The main proposals for changing the requirements for the structures of buildings under vibration effects were developed and compiled in the form of a list. The results of the implementation of the submitted proposals will contribute to improving the efficiency of the processes of domestic industrial construction of buildings and structures, updating the regulatory and technical base, ensuring the safety of production facilities, maintaining compliance of buildings and structures with their functional purpose, reducing the risk of harm to health, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property and the environment.
{"title":"Vibration Safety During the Operation of Industrial Building Structures under Conditions of Dynamic Effects from Equipment","authors":"M. Berlinov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-81-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-81-89","url":null,"abstract":"A general approach to the vibration safety of capital construction objects in Russia under the conditions of dynamic effects from industrial equipment is given based on the analysis of the requirements for the structures of buildings and facilities at the design and operation stage. The directions that are related to buildings and structures are described, including the mechanical safety requirements for buildings and structures. The analysis was carried out in order to determine the requirements for the structures of buildings and facilities that require processing in order to harmonize Russian regulatory technical documents in construction and industrial safety. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by its compliance with the main goals and objectives of the Russian state policy in the field of industrial safety, aimed at consistently reducing the risks of accidents occurrence at the industrial facilities, and minimizing their negative consequences. The article states that the characteristics of the elements of building structures, which were considered during the design in dynamic calculations of the strength and stability of a building or structure, may change during operation under the influence of climatic factors or aggressive influences of external and internal environments, including the influence of technological processes that can cause fatigue phenomena in the material of building structures. The method of calculation for dynamic loads of structures of buildings and facilities, considering the changes in power and environmental influences during operation, is briefly described. The main proposals for changing the requirements for the structures of buildings under vibration effects were developed and compiled in the form of a list. The results of the implementation of the submitted proposals will contribute to improving the efficiency of the processes of domestic industrial construction of buildings and structures, updating the regulatory and technical base, ensuring the safety of production facilities, maintaining compliance of buildings and structures with their functional purpose, reducing the risk of harm to health, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property and the environment.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-36-43
V. A. Zemlyanovskiy, S. Popov, S. Chernyshov
The most important and promising direction in the Russian oil and gas industry is the development of the Arctic shelf, the largest in the world. Today, in the case of the development of oil and gas deposits remote from the coast, the use of underwater pipelines is not only unprofitable, but also technically unfeasible due to the short summer navigation. A problem arises when mastering the delivery of energy carriers to the industrial regions of Russia, as well as for export. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of underwater reservoirs as a means of temporary accumulation of the product. During the operation of underwater oil storage facilities, situations may arise that lead to dome deformation. To prevent such negative consequences, a reliable prediction of the stress-strain state is required. In this paper, the authors considered the modeling of the stress-strain state of the welded joint of the wall-to-bottom of the tank, as well as the zone of monolithic steel dome of the body in concrete. The depth of 100 m for the installation of an underwater storage was chosen due to the presence of hummocks in the seas of the Russian Arctic, which can affect the seabed to a depth of 15–40 m, as well as icebergs — up to 80 m. The authors developed a numerical axisymmetric finite element model of an underwater storage section, which allows to determine the stress distribution in the domed part of the tank, as well as in the foundation, in accordance with all the features of the underwater tank. The calculations showed that for the considered operating conditions of the deposits, the use of sheets of high-strength steel D690W with a thickness of 50 mm is not enough to ensure the stability of the structure, since stresses arise in the weld that exceed the yield strength of the selected steel. Therefore, it is required either to reduce the immersion depth of the storage, or to provide for a greater thickness of the domed part of the body with the use of ribs that increase the rigidity and stability of the structure.
{"title":"Numerical Stability Analysis of an Underwater Spherical Oil Storage Tank","authors":"V. A. Zemlyanovskiy, S. Popov, S. Chernyshov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-36-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-36-43","url":null,"abstract":"The most important and promising direction in the Russian oil and gas industry is the development of the Arctic shelf, the largest in the world. Today, in the case of the development of oil and gas deposits remote from the coast, the use of underwater pipelines is not only unprofitable, but also technically unfeasible due to the short summer navigation. A problem arises when mastering the delivery of energy carriers to the industrial regions of Russia, as well as for export. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of underwater reservoirs as a means of temporary accumulation of the product. During the operation of underwater oil storage facilities, situations may arise that lead to dome deformation. To prevent such negative consequences, a reliable prediction of the stress-strain state is required. In this paper, the authors considered the modeling of the stress-strain state of the welded joint of the wall-to-bottom of the tank, as well as the zone of monolithic steel dome of the body in concrete. The depth of 100 m for the installation of an underwater storage was chosen due to the presence of hummocks in the seas of the Russian Arctic, which can affect the seabed to a depth of 15–40 m, as well as icebergs — up to 80 m. The authors developed a numerical axisymmetric finite element model of an underwater storage section, which allows to determine the stress distribution in the domed part of the tank, as well as in the foundation, in accordance with all the features of the underwater tank. The calculations showed that for the considered operating conditions of the deposits, the use of sheets of high-strength steel D690W with a thickness of 50 mm is not enough to ensure the stability of the structure, since stresses arise in the weld that exceed the yield strength of the selected steel. Therefore, it is required either to reduce the immersion depth of the storage, or to provide for a greater thickness of the domed part of the body with the use of ribs that increase the rigidity and stability of the structure.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47368223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-59-67
A. Grazhdankin, N. L. Razumnyak
The level of accident rate at hazardous production facilities is largely determined by the degree of moral and physical depreciation of the fixed assets in the fuel and energy industry. Depreciation factor of the fixed assets is almost always present among the causes of accidents at hazardous production facilities in the modern-day Russia. Fixed assets are large blocks of the industrial safety foundation. Accident rate and injury rate, as inevitable and tragic costs of industrial production, originated in the industrial era, do not disappear in the post-industrialism, and become problematic in the crisis of industrialism. To assess the state of safety at hazardous production facilities, an up-to-date risk-oriented map is required related to the creation, availability, use and maintenance of the fixed assets of industrial production. The information is considered in the article concerning the fixed assets of the Russian industry from the middle of the 20th century to the present, which was obtained according to the statistical data from the official sources of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR and the RSFSR, the State Statistics Committee of Russia, Rosstat, and Rostechnadzor. Despite the stabilization of the asset renewal, in the last 15 years there is a tendency to accelerate the depreciation of fixed assets at hazardous production facilities. With an average renewal rate of 6% per year achieved over the past decade, the fixed assets of industry, including buildings, machinery, and equipment, should work for almost 17 years until they are replaced. In general, over the thirty years of post-Soviet reforms, underinvestment in the fixed capital of the Russian industry amounted to more than 98 trillion rubles, or 24.7 thousand tons of gold, which is more than 10 times the country gold reserve in 2023. Almost half of the «residual resource» was exhausted from the industrial material and technical funds. The current volume of the market for industrial safety expertise of technical devices is sharply incomparable with the scale of the task effectively solved by the economic management on underinvestment in fixed assets in industry of more than 1.5 trillion US dollars for the period from 1991 to 2022. Imported economic management was unable to ensure long-term conservation of the material and technical base of the Russian industry. On average, up to 70% of the equipment used at hazardous production facilities worked out the standard service life. Degree of the depreciation of fixed assets of the fuel industry in Russia in the early twenties exceeded the average industrial level by almost 7 percentage points, while in 2015–2021 the share of completely worn-out facilities in the extractive industry increased by 7.3 percentage points. The functions of supervision over the safe reproduction of industrial fixed assets must be responsibly transferred to the sovereign structures of risk-oriented ensuring of industrial safety in Russia.
{"title":"State of the Fixed Production Assets and Ensuring Industrial Safety","authors":"A. Grazhdankin, N. L. Razumnyak","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-59-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-59-67","url":null,"abstract":"The level of accident rate at hazardous production facilities is largely determined by the degree of moral and physical depreciation of the fixed assets in the fuel and energy industry. Depreciation factor of the fixed assets is almost always present among the causes of accidents at hazardous production facilities in the modern-day Russia. Fixed assets are large blocks of the industrial safety foundation. Accident rate and injury rate, as inevitable and tragic costs of industrial production, originated in the industrial era, do not disappear in the post-industrialism, and become problematic in the crisis of industrialism. To assess the state of safety at hazardous production facilities, an up-to-date risk-oriented map is required related to the creation, availability, use and maintenance of the fixed assets of industrial production. The information is considered in the article concerning the fixed assets of the Russian industry from the middle of the 20th century to the present, which was obtained according to the statistical data from the official sources of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR and the RSFSR, the State Statistics Committee of Russia, Rosstat, and Rostechnadzor. Despite the stabilization of the asset renewal, in the last 15 years there is a tendency to accelerate the depreciation of fixed assets at hazardous production facilities. With an average renewal rate of 6% per year achieved over the past decade, the fixed assets of industry, including buildings, machinery, and equipment, should work for almost 17 years until they are replaced. In general, over the thirty years of post-Soviet reforms, underinvestment in the fixed capital of the Russian industry amounted to more than 98 trillion rubles, or 24.7 thousand tons of gold, which is more than 10 times the country gold reserve in 2023. Almost half of the «residual resource» was exhausted from the industrial material and technical funds. The current volume of the market for industrial safety expertise of technical devices is sharply incomparable with the scale of the task effectively solved by the economic management on underinvestment in fixed assets in industry of more than 1.5 trillion US dollars for the period from 1991 to 2022. Imported economic management was unable to ensure long-term conservation of the material and technical base of the Russian industry. On average, up to 70% of the equipment used at hazardous production facilities worked out the standard service life. Degree of the depreciation of fixed assets of the fuel industry in Russia in the early twenties exceeded the average industrial level by almost 7 percentage points, while in 2015–2021 the share of completely worn-out facilities in the extractive industry increased by 7.3 percentage points. The functions of supervision over the safe reproduction of industrial fixed assets must be responsibly transferred to the sovereign structures of risk-oriented ensuring of industrial safety in Russia.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-17-22
E.I. Khaliullina, E. Malysheva, E. Nasyrova, A. Elizaryev
Lithium-based batteries are designed and manufactured in such a way as to ensure their safe operation under various conditions. If lithium batteries are misused or damaged, hazards such as fire or explosion may occur. According to the Russian regulations, the safety of lithium-based batteries is considered from two points of view. The first is intended use, i.e., according to the specifications and instructions. The second is improper use under conditions not intended by the manufacturer, but easily predictable. The article explored the third option - unpredictable use, including events from predictable misuse, but not separately, but in combination. In particular, a hazard may arise if a battery is punctured inside military or rescue communications equipment while on duty, or when charging phones after prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures. To study a new option for using lithium-based batteries for assessing their potential hazard, a laboratory device was created and patented with the possibility of a mechanical puncture of the battery. During the research, the following potential hazards were recorded: ignition, explosion, leakage of electrolyte from the battery, pressure release and rupture of the battery hull with the release of internal components. Five experiments were set up (separately for each object under study) on discharged batteries. It was established that even discharged batteries have potential hazards of electrolyte leakage from the object and rupture of the hull with the release of internal components.
{"title":"Investigation of the Potential Hazard of Lithium Batteries in Unpredictable Use","authors":"E.I. Khaliullina, E. Malysheva, E. Nasyrova, A. Elizaryev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-17-22","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-based batteries are designed and manufactured in such a way as to ensure their safe operation under various conditions. If lithium batteries are misused or damaged, hazards such as fire or explosion may occur. According to the Russian regulations, the safety of lithium-based batteries is considered from two points of view. The first is intended use, i.e., according to the specifications and instructions. The second is improper use under conditions not intended by the manufacturer, but easily predictable. The article explored the third option - unpredictable use, including events from predictable misuse, but not separately, but in combination. In particular, a hazard may arise if a battery is punctured inside military or rescue communications equipment while on duty, or when charging phones after prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures. To study a new option for using lithium-based batteries for assessing their potential hazard, a laboratory device was created and patented with the possibility of a mechanical puncture of the battery. During the research, the following potential hazards were recorded: ignition, explosion, leakage of electrolyte from the battery, pressure release and rupture of the battery hull with the release of internal components. Five experiments were set up (separately for each object under study) on discharged batteries. It was established that even discharged batteries have potential hazards of electrolyte leakage from the object and rupture of the hull with the release of internal components.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-51-58
I. Rashoyan
An analysis was carried out concerning the previously developed structural and functional model of the procedure for developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for Organizations built on the basis of the process approach. The relevance is shown related to further elaboration of this model to determine the mechanism of interaction of all its elements. The purpose of the article is to model the processes of the procedure for developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations based on the integrated application of system analysis methods. When modeling the structural, functional approaches, decomposition, and composition methods, as well as the IDEF0 methodology were used. At the same time, the entire process of developing the Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations is presented in the form of a tree of the main processes and their decomposition to the minimum required sub-processes. For each of the identified processes and sub-processes the models were compiled in the form of diagrams according to the IDEF0 methodology. The constructed diagrams allow to establish and analyze the informational and functional relationship between various processes and subprocesses of the procedure under study. The identified mechanism of interaction between elements of processes and sub-processes in the future can become the basis for modeling the concept of a territorial information system for the development of an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations. Such an information system will allow developers of plans to automatically receive the required information considering the specifics of the organization of activities for each territorial subsystem of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations. At the same time, the information system will ensure optimal interaction between the authorities of municipalities and the developers of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for their coordination. The constructed models can also be used in the future in practice in the implementation of structural and functional modeling of the procedure for developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for Individual Organizations.
{"title":"Modeling the Processes of the Procedure for Developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for Organizations","authors":"I. Rashoyan","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-51-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-51-58","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis was carried out concerning the previously developed structural and functional model of the procedure for developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for Organizations built on the basis of the process approach. The relevance is shown related to further elaboration of this model to determine the mechanism of interaction of all its elements. The purpose of the article is to model the processes of the procedure for developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations based on the integrated application of system analysis methods. When modeling the structural, functional approaches, decomposition, and composition methods, as well as the IDEF0 methodology were used. At the same time, the entire process of developing the Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations is presented in the form of a tree of the main processes and their decomposition to the minimum required sub-processes. For each of the identified processes and sub-processes the models were compiled in the form of diagrams according to the IDEF0 methodology. The constructed diagrams allow to establish and analyze the informational and functional relationship between various processes and subprocesses of the procedure under study. The identified mechanism of interaction between elements of processes and sub-processes in the future can become the basis for modeling the concept of a territorial information system for the development of an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations. Such an information system will allow developers of plans to automatically receive the required information considering the specifics of the organization of activities for each territorial subsystem of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations. At the same time, the information system will ensure optimal interaction between the authorities of municipalities and the developers of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for their coordination. The constructed models can also be used in the future in practice in the implementation of structural and functional modeling of the procedure for developing an Action Plan for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations for Individual Organizations.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44604609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-68-72
N. Ovchinnikov
The complex of drainage system of an underground mining enterprise ensures the safety and continuity of mining operations. Deterioration of the level of reliability of the functioning of the mine drainage system can lead to the following serious consequences. The main link of the mine drainage system is a drainage system equipped with pumping units based on the centrifugal pumps. One of the main criteria for the safe operation of a mine drainage system is its equipment with a sufficient number of pumping units. An assessment of the efficiency of the classical methodology for calculating the listed park of pumping units is given, including consideration of the amendment made to it regarding the given water inflow regime. The main drainage installation of the Udachny underground mine, equipped with sectional pumps, was chosen as the object of research. It is established that the list park of pumping units calculated according to the known methods does not allow to ensure a high level of reliability of the operation of the drainage plant. The same picture is typical for the park of discharge pipe sections of the drainage plant. When calculating the list park of pumping units of a drainage system, it is more expedient to consider not the passport performance of the pump, but its average value between major repairs. The number of pumps under repair depends on the average duration of repair work and the average time between failures of the pump. A method is proposed for calculating the optimal number of pumping units and pipe sections of a drainage system from the point of view of ensuring its reliable level of functioning. The results of the performed research will be useful to the specialists responsible for the design of drainage systems for underground mines and coal mines in the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Substantiation of the Listed Park of Pumps and Pipe Sections of the Mine Drainage System","authors":"N. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-68-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-68-72","url":null,"abstract":"The complex of drainage system of an underground mining enterprise ensures the safety and continuity of mining operations. Deterioration of the level of reliability of the functioning of the mine drainage system can lead to the following serious consequences. The main link of the mine drainage system is a drainage system equipped with pumping units based on the centrifugal pumps. One of the main criteria for the safe operation of a mine drainage system is its equipment with a sufficient number of pumping units. An assessment of the efficiency of the classical methodology for calculating the listed park of pumping units is given, including consideration of the amendment made to it regarding the given water inflow regime. The main drainage installation of the Udachny underground mine, equipped with sectional pumps, was chosen as the object of research. It is established that the list park of pumping units calculated according to the known methods does not allow to ensure a high level of reliability of the operation of the drainage plant. The same picture is typical for the park of discharge pipe sections of the drainage plant. When calculating the list park of pumping units of a drainage system, it is more expedient to consider not the passport performance of the pump, but its average value between major repairs. The number of pumps under repair depends on the average duration of repair work and the average time between failures of the pump. A method is proposed for calculating the optimal number of pumping units and pipe sections of a drainage system from the point of view of ensuring its reliable level of functioning. The results of the performed research will be useful to the specialists responsible for the design of drainage systems for underground mines and coal mines in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-23-28
A. Kornilova, L. Safina
Crane beams are among the most damaged structures in the buildings with heavy, and very heavy-duty overhead cranes. Their destruction can lead to the death of people working in the workshop, and to significant material losses. The durability of crane structures is determined by the intensity of work of the overhead cranes. The main defects and damages of metal crane beams are regulated by the standard STO-22-05—04, according to which all the cracks in the crane beams are divided into groups according to the risk of destruction. It is believed that the presence of cracks in the lower (stretched) chord of crane beams is unacceptable. Modern methods of non-destructive testing allow to detect defects with a minimum size from 2 mm (ultrasound) to 1 µm (capillary method). These cracks may be due to the inhomogeneity of the chemical composition of the alloy, or be of a structural nature, manifesting itself, in contrast to fatigue cracks that grow in the most loaded areas of the structure, in any part of the lower chord of the beam. If any crack is found in the lower chord of the crane beams, it is required to stop the operation of the crane and carry out a major overhaul of the crane runways. However, following these formal rules is not always economically and logically justified. The paper considers an example of rationing by the criterion of non-straining through cracks in the lower stretched chord (cracks of the first group). Based on the criteria of linear fracture mechanics, coefficients are proposed for all steels from which the crane beams are made, allowing for their technical inspection to give an express assessment of the admissibility of the detected through cracks. It is also shown that it is necessary to normalize the permissibility of the parameters of semi-elliptical cracks in the stretched zone (in the lower shelf of the I-beam crane beam), since these cracks can eventually develop into through defects.
{"title":"On the Issue of the Admissibility of Defects in the Lower Chord of Crane Beams","authors":"A. Kornilova, L. Safina","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"Crane beams are among the most damaged structures in the buildings with heavy, and very heavy-duty overhead cranes. Their destruction can lead to the death of people working in the workshop, and to significant material losses. The durability of crane structures is determined by the intensity of work of the overhead cranes. The main defects and damages of metal crane beams are regulated by the standard STO-22-05—04, according to which all the cracks in the crane beams are divided into groups according to the risk of destruction. It is believed that the presence of cracks in the lower (stretched) chord of crane beams is unacceptable. Modern methods of non-destructive testing allow to detect defects with a minimum size from 2 mm (ultrasound) to 1 µm (capillary method). These cracks may be due to the inhomogeneity of the chemical composition of the alloy, or be of a structural nature, manifesting itself, in contrast to fatigue cracks that grow in the most loaded areas of the structure, in any part of the lower chord of the beam. If any crack is found in the lower chord of the crane beams, it is required to stop the operation of the crane and carry out a major overhaul of the crane runways. However, following these formal rules is not always economically and logically justified. The paper considers an example of rationing by the criterion of non-straining through cracks in the lower stretched chord (cracks of the first group). Based on the criteria of linear fracture mechanics, coefficients are proposed for all steels from which the crane beams are made, allowing for their technical inspection to give an express assessment of the admissibility of the detected through cracks. It is also shown that it is necessary to normalize the permissibility of the parameters of semi-elliptical cracks in the stretched zone (in the lower shelf of the I-beam crane beam), since these cracks can eventually develop into through defects.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-29-35
I. Starokon, A. Zabolotneva, A.P. Chastukhin
The article deals with the issues of insurance of hazardous production facilities in the oil and gas industry. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, insurance payments are provided only in case of harm to life or health of people, while the risks of environmental damage are not necessarily insured. The analysis is given related to the practice of insurance activities of hazardous production facilities in other countries. Various types of insured risks, mechanisms for determining insurance premiums, insurance algorithms and other features of this type of insurance are considered. It is noted that foreign insurance companies have a more developed methodology and are accompanied by more substantial state support. Based on the conducted analysis, a conclusion was made about the need to reorganize the insurance system for hazardous production facilities. This will allow in the future to improve the system of industrial safety expertise. The updated insurance system may include an expanded list of insured risks, more accurate methods for determining insurance premiums, and more efficient insurance algorithms. The conclusion made about the need for state support in this area, comparable to that used by the foreign insurance companies, is also important. The result of such changes will be a more efficient insurance system for hazardous production facilities, which will improve industrial safety and the level of environmental protection.
{"title":"Actual Problems of Insurance of Hazardous Production Facilities of the Oil and Gas Industry in Russia","authors":"I. Starokon, A. Zabolotneva, A.P. Chastukhin","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-6-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of insurance of hazardous production facilities in the oil and gas industry. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, insurance payments are provided only in case of harm to life or health of people, while the risks of environmental damage are not necessarily insured. The analysis is given related to the practice of insurance activities of hazardous production facilities in other countries. Various types of insured risks, mechanisms for determining insurance premiums, insurance algorithms and other features of this type of insurance are considered. It is noted that foreign insurance companies have a more developed methodology and are accompanied by more substantial state support. Based on the conducted analysis, a conclusion was made about the need to reorganize the insurance system for hazardous production facilities. This will allow in the future to improve the system of industrial safety expertise. The updated insurance system may include an expanded list of insured risks, more accurate methods for determining insurance premiums, and more efficient insurance algorithms. The conclusion made about the need for state support in this area, comparable to that used by the foreign insurance companies, is also important. The result of such changes will be a more efficient insurance system for hazardous production facilities, which will improve industrial safety and the level of environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41384898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-5-33-40
E. Granovskiy
HAZOP hazard identification method, which considers the parts of a system individually, has disadvantages that limit its application to structurally complex technological systems. In these cases, the simplified risk analysis methods such as FMEA, FMECA, etc. cannot be correct. To assess the risk of complex systems, it is recommended to conduct additional studies using the methods such as FTA and ETA, and other more rigorous methods. Additional studies require a significant investment of time, which is often limited by design time. Limitations can be overcome by using the information technology. The use of the FTA and ETA methods as the methods for identifying hazards directly in HAZOP study process allows to supplement HAZOP procedure with an analysis of deviations in the characteristics of the system elements from the design goals, their causes, and hazardous consequences in the entire technological system. It becomes possible, based on the results of HAZOP studies, to automatically build and analyze a combined fault tree and event tree. To determine the permissible probability of a hazardous event, a calibrated risk graph and the results of accident modeling are used. Automated analysis of the combined fault tree and event tree will allow to consider solution options, determine the risk created by the controlled equipment, select the systems for its consistent reduction and optimal requirements for the functions and reliability of safety systems used to reduce the risk.
{"title":"Problems of Risk Assessment Based on the Results of the HAZOP Study","authors":"E. Granovskiy","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-5-33-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-5-33-40","url":null,"abstract":"HAZOP hazard identification method, which considers the parts of a system individually, has disadvantages that limit its application to structurally complex technological systems. In these cases, the simplified risk analysis methods such as FMEA, FMECA, etc. cannot be correct. To assess the risk of complex systems, it is recommended to conduct additional studies using the methods such as FTA and ETA, and other more rigorous methods. Additional studies require a significant investment of time, which is often limited by design time. Limitations can be overcome by using the information technology. The use of the FTA and ETA methods as the methods for identifying hazards directly in HAZOP study process allows to supplement HAZOP procedure with an analysis of deviations in the characteristics of the system elements from the design goals, their causes, and hazardous consequences in the entire technological system. It becomes possible, based on the results of HAZOP studies, to automatically build and analyze a combined fault tree and event tree. To determine the permissible probability of a hazardous event, a calibrated risk graph and the results of accident modeling are used. Automated analysis of the combined fault tree and event tree will allow to consider solution options, determine the risk created by the controlled equipment, select the systems for its consistent reduction and optimal requirements for the functions and reliability of safety systems used to reduce the risk.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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