Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-5-20-27
D. Ustinov, A.R. Aysar
Recent studies focus on the development of energy supply systems when applying the principles of distributed generation. They consist in the organization of energy supply from several energy sources, different in types and characteristics (photovoltaic cells, wind power plants, microturbine plants, diesel power plants). The purpose of such events is to bring energy facilities closer to consumers, reduce the loss of generated electricity, and reduce dependence on the fossil fuels. However, with all the advantages, distributed generation is associated with the number of technical problems. One of them is the complexity of relay protection systems due to the influence of additional electrical power from the distributed generation units. This requires the development of new algorithms and protection schemes to ensure selectivity and increase the sensitivity of relay protection. The article is devoted to the creation of a distance protection algorithm in the distributed generation systems. The integrated approach was applied, including the scientific analysis, processing, as well as the study of the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of relay protection. The developed set of measures for the protection of distribution networks was analyzed. The results of the work done can be used when considering the influence of the parameters of protected connections in the operating conditions of the electrical complexes in a network with the distributed generation on the efficiency of distance protection. The conclusions presented by the authors allow to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of distance protection in emergency situations.
{"title":"Development of a New Working Algorithm for Improving the Efficiency of the Remote Protection in the Distributed Generation Networks","authors":"D. Ustinov, A.R. Aysar","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-5-20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-5-20-27","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies focus on the development of energy supply systems when applying the principles of distributed generation. They consist in the organization of energy supply from several energy sources, different in types and characteristics (photovoltaic cells, wind power plants, microturbine plants, diesel power plants). The purpose of such events is to bring energy facilities closer to consumers, reduce the loss of generated electricity, and reduce dependence on the fossil fuels. However, with all the advantages, distributed generation is associated with the number of technical problems. One of them is the complexity of relay protection systems due to the influence of additional electrical power from the distributed generation units. This requires the development of new algorithms and protection schemes to ensure selectivity and increase the sensitivity of relay protection. The article is devoted to the creation of a distance protection algorithm in the distributed generation systems. The integrated approach was applied, including the scientific analysis, processing, as well as the study of the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of relay protection. The developed set of measures for the protection of distribution networks was analyzed. The results of the work done can be used when considering the influence of the parameters of protected connections in the operating conditions of the electrical complexes in a network with the distributed generation on the efficiency of distance protection. The conclusions presented by the authors allow to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of distance protection in emergency situations.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48081986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-67-74
D. Kuznetsova, O. N. Mikryukova
Every employee in the course of his work is faced with production factors that can lead to adverse consequences in the form of diseases and /or injuries. At the same time, the identification of hazards is still a difficult task even for the specialists. All this makes it difficult for the manager to ensure the safety of employees. Profession of the tailor was chosen as the object of the study. The labor operations were analyzed performed by the employee, as well as the condition of the equipment and tools involved in the work and the room, in which the workplace is located, along with the results of the special assessment of working conditions. The authors came to a conclusion that this procedure is not able to assess all the hazards that an employee is exposed to at his workplace during the performance of his work duties. That is why a risk assessment procedure was recently introduced in the workplace, which is mandatory for all employers. However, a single method for risk assessment was not proposed yet. In this regard, the literature sources were analyzed, and the most popular methods were selected: the Elmery method, Fine-Kinney method, the matrix method, and the checklist method. During the risk assessment procedure, conflicting results were obtained. If we assess the risk using the checklist method, then the tailor professional risk is assessed as low, according to the Elmery method - medium, and the Fine-Kinney and matrix methods showed a high level of risk. This suggests that the choice of method directly affects the final result and the magnitude of occupational risk. At the same time, the risk assessment procedure helps to identify hazards that were not considered during a special assessment of working conditions, which helps to promptly take measures to reduce hazards and improve the working conditions of the employee.
{"title":"Assessment of Tailor Professional Risks","authors":"D. Kuznetsova, O. N. Mikryukova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"Every employee in the course of his work is faced with production factors that can lead to adverse consequences in the form of diseases and /or injuries. At the same time, the identification of hazards is still a difficult task even for the specialists. All this makes it difficult for the manager to ensure the safety of employees. Profession of the tailor was chosen as the object of the study. The labor operations were analyzed performed by the employee, as well as the condition of the equipment and tools involved in the work and the room, in which the workplace is located, along with the results of the special assessment of working conditions. The authors came to a conclusion that this procedure is not able to assess all the hazards that an employee is exposed to at his workplace during the performance of his work duties. That is why a risk assessment procedure was recently introduced in the workplace, which is mandatory for all employers. However, a single method for risk assessment was not proposed yet. In this regard, the literature sources were analyzed, and the most popular methods were selected: the Elmery method, Fine-Kinney method, the matrix method, and the checklist method. During the risk assessment procedure, conflicting results were obtained. If we assess the risk using the checklist method, then the tailor professional risk is assessed as low, according to the Elmery method - medium, and the Fine-Kinney and matrix methods showed a high level of risk. This suggests that the choice of method directly affects the final result and the magnitude of occupational risk. At the same time, the risk assessment procedure helps to identify hazards that were not considered during a special assessment of working conditions, which helps to promptly take measures to reduce hazards and improve the working conditions of the employee.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42264312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-20-27
E. Genson, O. S. Ivanova
A theoretical analysis is given related to the ways to reduce the negative impact of motor vehicle exhaust gases on the environment. The possibility of using hydrogen as an energy source for an electric power plant used in the road transport is considered. The operation of a high-power fuel cell battery is advisable on both passenger cars and trucks. However, such technologically complex systems require additional tests at the development stage for verifying the fire safety and tightness of the structure. The systems of storage, transportation, preparation of hydrogen and safety assurance during the performance of such bench tests are analyzed. Fuel cell stack test benches must be provided with additional protection against occurrence of fires and explosions. It is based on a gas-analytical fiber-optic resonant (vibration frequency) sensor that monitors the accumulation of explosive gases. The key parameters of this system are the inertness and speed of the individual elements. A block diagram of a test bench for a fuel cell stack with a power of 150 kW is presented, the hydrogen pressure is reduced to 2–2.5 atm. During the operation of the installation, it is required to ensure continuous monitoring of the pressure in the system and in its individual parts, as well as to monitor the temperature regime of the gas supply in the fuel cell itself. The description of the principle of the test stand functioning is given. Its technological modules are identified, such as a hydrogen supply system, a cooling system, an air injection system, a power plant, and a block for simulating a potential load on an electric motor of the vehicle.
{"title":"Analysis of Safety Systems for Bench Tests of the Power Plants based on the Fuel Cells used in the Road Transport","authors":"E. Genson, O. S. Ivanova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-20-27","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretical analysis is given related to the ways to reduce the negative impact of motor vehicle exhaust gases on the environment. The possibility of using hydrogen as an energy source for an electric power plant used in the road transport is considered. The operation of a high-power fuel cell battery is advisable on both passenger cars and trucks. However, such technologically complex systems require additional tests at the development stage for verifying the fire safety and tightness of the structure. The systems of storage, transportation, preparation of hydrogen and safety assurance during the performance of such bench tests are analyzed. Fuel cell stack test benches must be provided with additional protection against occurrence of fires and explosions. It is based on a gas-analytical fiber-optic resonant (vibration frequency) sensor that monitors the accumulation of explosive gases. The key parameters of this system are the inertness and speed of the individual elements. A block diagram of a test bench for a fuel cell stack with a power of 150 kW is presented, the hydrogen pressure is reduced to 2–2.5 atm. During the operation of the installation, it is required to ensure continuous monitoring of the pressure in the system and in its individual parts, as well as to monitor the temperature regime of the gas supply in the fuel cell itself. The description of the principle of the test stand functioning is given. Its technological modules are identified, such as a hydrogen supply system, a cooling system, an air injection system, a power plant, and a block for simulating a potential load on an electric motor of the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-28-33
S. V. Chmykhalova, V. Grishin, I. Pytalev
Mining production is one of the important components of the economic development of the Russian Federation. But in the process of mining, environmental damage is caused, which must be compensated by reclamation (restoration). However, to date, the reclamation rate is inferior to that of extraction. A special feature of the legal regime of subsoil use is the dual form of land allocation: subsoil use (the Law of the Russian Federation «On Subsoil») and land use (the Land Code of the Russian Federation). In this paper, the technologies of parallel reclamation of sections (quarries) are considered, the project of which should be contained in a set of documents for obtaining a license for the development of subsurface resources. Parallel reclamation without using the mined-out space of the quarry involves the use of overburden rocks as materials for the construction of large-scale linear infrastructure facilities of the district, etc. Parallel recultivation using the developed space of the quarry (section) involves filling it with either current overburden rocks or recultivant obtained based on the mineral processing products or technogenic raw materials. At the same time, it is required to ensure that at least one side of the quarry is placed in the limit position in the absence of any communications on it. A prerequisite for the implementation of this approach is mandatory long-term planning. The reclamation plan and its direction should be developed before the start of mining operations in accordance with the needs of the region, and then consistently implemented. The necessary legislative and regulatory framework is available in Russia, but it needs to be finalized, in particular, clarification of the concept of reclamation. In this case, it is interpreted as the return of land to a new economic turnover. Close cooperation and interaction of business with the federal and regional authorities, scientific and design organizations is required to restore the lands disturbed by mining production in accordance with the current laws and regulatory framework in order to develop and implement geotechnological solutions that ensure the return of these lands to a new economic turnover.
{"title":"Reclamation of Lands Disturbed by the Mining Production Considering the Peculiarities of Land Allocation for the Mining Enterprises","authors":"S. V. Chmykhalova, V. Grishin, I. Pytalev","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-28-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-28-33","url":null,"abstract":"Mining production is one of the important components of the economic development of the Russian Federation. But in the process of mining, environmental damage is caused, which must be compensated by reclamation (restoration). However, to date, the reclamation rate is inferior to that of extraction. A special feature of the legal regime of subsoil use is the dual form of land allocation: subsoil use (the Law of the Russian Federation «On Subsoil») and land use (the Land Code of the Russian Federation). In this paper, the technologies of parallel reclamation of sections (quarries) are considered, the project of which should be contained in a set of documents for obtaining a license for the development of subsurface resources. Parallel reclamation without using the mined-out space of the quarry involves the use of overburden rocks as materials for the construction of large-scale linear infrastructure facilities of the district, etc. Parallel recultivation using the developed space of the quarry (section) involves filling it with either current overburden rocks or recultivant obtained based on the mineral processing products or technogenic raw materials. At the same time, it is required to ensure that at least one side of the quarry is placed in the limit position in the absence of any communications on it. A prerequisite for the implementation of this approach is mandatory long-term planning. The reclamation plan and its direction should be developed before the start of mining operations in accordance with the needs of the region, and then consistently implemented. The necessary legislative and regulatory framework is available in Russia, but it needs to be finalized, in particular, clarification of the concept of reclamation. In this case, it is interpreted as the return of land to a new economic turnover. Close cooperation and interaction of business with the federal and regional authorities, scientific and design organizations is required to restore the lands disturbed by mining production in accordance with the current laws and regulatory framework in order to develop and implement geotechnological solutions that ensure the return of these lands to a new economic turnover.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42623875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-42-50
E. Shaykhlislamova, M. Yakhina, E. G. Stepanov, M. Astakhova
The commonality of the goals of occupational health and safety and medicine is to ensure working conditions that contribute to the preservation of the employee health. For professions, in which it is not possible to exclude the possibility of a negative impact of occupational hazards and harmfulness, timely detection of health disorders and medical restrictions on the performance of certain types of work help to preserve the worker health. However, in the occupational medicine, little attention is paid to the subjective assessment of the health of industrial employees. The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of influence on the psychosomatic state of the mining and processing plant underground workers of working conditions associated with the profession, experience, the presence of an assigned preferential pension, as well as comparison with similar indicators for workers in other manufacturing industries. The analysis of the subjective assessment of the quality of life of miners was carried out using the Russian version of the SF-36 questionnaire, according to the results of which the self-assessment of the quality of life of miners admitted by the medical commission to work exceeds 50 points, for those who did not pass the medical commission (23.28 % of the total) subjective indicators of physical and mental health are less than 50 points. There is a trend towards a decrease in the quality of the life indicators with an increase in length of service to the minimum values by 35 years of work, which is noted in the published questionnaire studies of the highly-skilled workers of the enterprises in other branches of industry. In the group of highly-skilled workers over 36 years, the majority of whom are pensioners (less than 60 years, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation) of pre-retirement age, the workers with physical and mental health indicators comparable to the self-assessment of the quality of life of miners who worked at the enterprise for less than 20 years remain in the profession. A review of studies at other enterprises with harmful and hazardous working conditions allows to judge that the decrease in the physical and mental tone of the quality of life of the highly-skilled workers is aggravated by the presence and severity of the diseases received, as well as the level of industrial potential of the enterprise. The obtained results of the objective and subjective dynamics of the health status of workers in harmful and hazardous working conditions can form the basis for the development of preventive measures to reduce occupational risks.
{"title":"Study of Self-Assessment of the Quality of Life of the Working Population in the Russian Federation","authors":"E. Shaykhlislamova, M. Yakhina, E. G. Stepanov, M. Astakhova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-42-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-42-50","url":null,"abstract":"The commonality of the goals of occupational health and safety and medicine is to ensure working conditions that contribute to the preservation of the employee health. For professions, in which it is not possible to exclude the possibility of a negative impact of occupational hazards and harmfulness, timely detection of health disorders and medical restrictions on the performance of certain types of work help to preserve the worker health. However, in the occupational medicine, little attention is paid to the subjective assessment of the health of industrial employees. The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of influence on the psychosomatic state of the mining and processing plant underground workers of working conditions associated with the profession, experience, the presence of an assigned preferential pension, as well as comparison with similar indicators for workers in other manufacturing industries. The analysis of the subjective assessment of the quality of life of miners was carried out using the Russian version of the SF-36 questionnaire, according to the results of which the self-assessment of the quality of life of miners admitted by the medical commission to work exceeds 50 points, for those who did not pass the medical commission (23.28 % of the total) subjective indicators of physical and mental health are less than 50 points. There is a trend towards a decrease in the quality of the life indicators with an increase in length of service to the minimum values by 35 years of work, which is noted in the published questionnaire studies of the highly-skilled workers of the enterprises in other branches of industry. In the group of highly-skilled workers over 36 years, the majority of whom are pensioners (less than 60 years, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation) of pre-retirement age, the workers with physical and mental health indicators comparable to the self-assessment of the quality of life of miners who worked at the enterprise for less than 20 years remain in the profession. A review of studies at other enterprises with harmful and hazardous working conditions allows to judge that the decrease in the physical and mental tone of the quality of life of the highly-skilled workers is aggravated by the presence and severity of the diseases received, as well as the level of industrial potential of the enterprise. The obtained results of the objective and subjective dynamics of the health status of workers in harmful and hazardous working conditions can form the basis for the development of preventive measures to reduce occupational risks.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44478375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-14-19
S. N. Buinovsky, E. V. Klovach, V. Tkachenko, R. A. Kadirov
The issues of ensuring the safety of labor process do not lose their relevance. The tendency of regular occurrence of the events with extremely negative, resonant consequences in the field of ensuring industrial safety is typical both for the whole world and for the Russian Federation in particular, for example, in the field of industrial safety. The work on improving the efficiency of existing risk management measures in the field of industrial safety, occupational safety and other related areas can proceed at various levels of management, from the level of the relevant federal executive authorities to the level of operating organizations. It also includes the activities on improving the occupational health and safety management systems developed in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 45001:2018. The most important element of the management and improvement of the the occupational health and safety management system is a regular analysis of the functioning of the system, the results obtained, and the current state of affairs. The requirements are considered related to the process of analyzing the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system based on the international standard ISO 45001:2018. The recommendations are given on the formation of full-fledged input data for conducting an analysis of the management system functioning in terms of the timing and frequency of its implementation, the attention is focused on the need for careful compliance with the requirements for registering the results of the analysis and informing the staff about its results. An analogy is given in the requirements for conducting the analysis of functioning the management system formulated in the international standard ISO 45001:2018, and the Russian regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial and occupational safety. It is concluded that a full, scrupulous, comprehensive analysis of the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system is an opportunity to improve the state of affairs in the field of the production safety.
{"title":"Analysis of the Management Systems according to the International Standard ISO 45001:2018","authors":"S. N. Buinovsky, E. V. Klovach, V. Tkachenko, R. A. Kadirov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-14-19","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of ensuring the safety of labor process do not lose their relevance. The tendency of regular occurrence of the events with extremely negative, resonant consequences in the field of ensuring industrial safety is typical both for the whole world and for the Russian Federation in particular, for example, in the field of industrial safety. The work on improving the efficiency of existing risk management measures in the field of industrial safety, occupational safety and other related areas can proceed at various levels of management, from the level of the relevant federal executive authorities to the level of operating organizations. It also includes the activities on improving the occupational health and safety management systems developed in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 45001:2018. The most important element of the management and improvement of the the occupational health and safety management system is a regular analysis of the functioning of the system, the results obtained, and the current state of affairs. The requirements are considered related to the process of analyzing the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system based on the international standard ISO 45001:2018. The recommendations are given on the formation of full-fledged input data for conducting an analysis of the management system functioning in terms of the timing and frequency of its implementation, the attention is focused on the need for careful compliance with the requirements for registering the results of the analysis and informing the staff about its results. An analogy is given in the requirements for conducting the analysis of functioning the management system formulated in the international standard ISO 45001:2018, and the Russian regulatory legal acts in the field of industrial and occupational safety. It is concluded that a full, scrupulous, comprehensive analysis of the functioning of the occupational health and safety management system is an opportunity to improve the state of affairs in the field of the production safety.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-75-83
A. Brikov, S.I. Aleksandrovich, D.S. Belkin, A.M. Shteyn, S.P. Osipov
The article is devoted to the actual problems of planning periodic inspections of the equipment. The main task of the inspection is to assess the actual and (or) predicted technical condition of the equipment by carrying out design, experimental (diagnostic), research and organizational actions. Inspection can be implemented based on of one of two approaches: regulated and risk-oriented. The methodology given in the API 581 standard is used as the basis for conducting inspections. According to this methodology, risk is defined as a combination of probability and consequences of failure. An example is given related to calculating the inspection interval of the object under study. According to its results, the target date for the next inspection of the facility is set 8 years after the start of its operation. The article compares inspection methods based on two different approaches. It is shown that a risk-oriented approach implies a more deep and detailed study of the objects using the advanced methods, including continuous ultrasound scanning, profile (digital) radiography, pulsed eddy current testing. It is indicated that the efficiency of inspection methods used in the risk-oriented approach is due to their choice, considering the mechanisms of degradation of the object and depending on the specific conditions of its operation. Based on the results of the conducted work, it was concluded that the methodology for calculating inspection intervals based on the API 581 standard is an effective tool to ensure the optimal level of risk. With the development of the methods for organizing production, the methods for ensuring its safety should also be improved. The fact is noted that the application of the methodology of the risk-oriented approach in the Russian Federation is currently complicated due to the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework and methodological support. The emphasis was made on the need to resolve this problem, which will invariably lead to an increase in the efficiency of industrial production, including by the reduction of the equipment downtime during the preparation and conduct of the inspection.
{"title":"Algorithm for Calculating the Inspection Interval of a Process Pipeline using a Risk-Oriented Approach according to the API 581 Methodology","authors":"A. Brikov, S.I. Aleksandrovich, D.S. Belkin, A.M. Shteyn, S.P. Osipov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-75-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-75-83","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the actual problems of planning periodic inspections of the equipment. The main task of the inspection is to assess the actual and (or) predicted technical condition of the equipment by carrying out design, experimental (diagnostic), research and organizational actions. Inspection can be implemented based on of one of two approaches: regulated and risk-oriented. The methodology given in the API 581 standard is used as the basis for conducting inspections. According to this methodology, risk is defined as a combination of probability and consequences of failure. An example is given related to calculating the inspection interval of the object under study. According to its results, the target date for the next inspection of the facility is set 8 years after the start of its operation. The article compares inspection methods based on two different approaches. It is shown that a risk-oriented approach implies a more deep and detailed study of the objects using the advanced methods, including continuous ultrasound scanning, profile (digital) radiography, pulsed eddy current testing. It is indicated that the efficiency of inspection methods used in the risk-oriented approach is due to their choice, considering the mechanisms of degradation of the object and depending on the specific conditions of its operation. Based on the results of the conducted work, it was concluded that the methodology for calculating inspection intervals based on the API 581 standard is an effective tool to ensure the optimal level of risk. With the development of the methods for organizing production, the methods for ensuring its safety should also be improved. The fact is noted that the application of the methodology of the risk-oriented approach in the Russian Federation is currently complicated due to the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework and methodological support. The emphasis was made on the need to resolve this problem, which will invariably lead to an increase in the efficiency of industrial production, including by the reduction of the equipment downtime during the preparation and conduct of the inspection.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45087768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-51-58
V. Golik, Y. Razorenov, A. Titova, S. Maslennikov
The article is devoted to ensuring the safety of employees in mining industries through the rational use of ore processing waste. It is substantiated that the level of danger of the consequences of mining and processing of ores can be reduced by waste disposal. The purpose of the study is to detail the processes of waste management for minimizing their impact on humans and the environment. An ecosystem management system based on environmental monitoring and waste disposal is proposed. As a resultant element of the research, a mathematical description of the mechanism and parameters of the movement of pollutants is given. The assessment of the concentration of pollutants was carried out on the example of the atmosphere of Vladikavkaz. The possibility of recycling of transfer products is justified, which increases the safety of the environment and employees. A mathematical model is proposed for calculating the parameters of ecosystem interaction with mobile pollutants and a criterion for assessing environmental friendliness, depending on the degree of waste use. An arsenal is recommended concerning the technologies for minimizing the negative consequences of mining. It is shown that the economic efficiency of environmental conservation through waste disposal should be determined by comparing the resulting costs. Directions are proposed for improving the efficiency of field development technologies. The performance of filling complexes with activation of the components depends on the capabilities of the activator. On the example of a specific deposit, the efficiency of waste activation was demonstrated for several years. It is concluded that the mining safety management system is formed based on combining monitoring capabilities and technological processes. At the same time, the environmental and economic performance of a mining enterprise largely depends on the use of mining and processing waste.
{"title":"Improvement of the Occupational Safety in Industry by Recycling Ore Processing Waste","authors":"V. Golik, Y. Razorenov, A. Titova, S. Maslennikov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-51-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-51-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to ensuring the safety of employees in mining industries through the rational use of ore processing waste. It is substantiated that the level of danger of the consequences of mining and processing of ores can be reduced by waste disposal. The purpose of the study is to detail the processes of waste management for minimizing their impact on humans and the environment. An ecosystem management system based on environmental monitoring and waste disposal is proposed. As a resultant element of the research, a mathematical description of the mechanism and parameters of the movement of pollutants is given. The assessment of the concentration of pollutants was carried out on the example of the atmosphere of Vladikavkaz. The possibility of recycling of transfer products is justified, which increases the safety of the environment and employees. A mathematical model is proposed for calculating the parameters of ecosystem interaction with mobile pollutants and a criterion for assessing environmental friendliness, depending on the degree of waste use. An arsenal is recommended concerning the technologies for minimizing the negative consequences of mining. It is shown that the economic efficiency of environmental conservation through waste disposal should be determined by comparing the resulting costs. Directions are proposed for improving the efficiency of field development technologies. The performance of filling complexes with activation of the components depends on the capabilities of the activator. On the example of a specific deposit, the efficiency of waste activation was demonstrated for several years. It is concluded that the mining safety management system is formed based on combining monitoring capabilities and technological processes. At the same time, the environmental and economic performance of a mining enterprise largely depends on the use of mining and processing waste.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-34-41
V. V. Kupriyanov, I. Bondarenko
The article is related to the safety issues of the coal mines considering not only the standard conditions of their operation, but also the influence of external effects, personnel errors during mining operations and operation of controls and automation. The relationship between the causes of accidents and sources of hazards is shown. The analysis of mine safety research methods was carried out, which allow to identify the most dangerous causes and conditions of the underground accidents to one degree or another. It is shown that at the mining sites, despite the extremely small, but non-zero probability, accidents still occur due to the probability densities of rare dangerous situations leading to severe consequences. The expediency of logical-probabilistic methods for modeling scenarios of possible accidents, which are interpreted by the cause-and-effect diagrams of the occurrence of a chain of incidents, is asserted. Based on the normalization of the frequencies of occurrence of emergency situations in coal mining, a rationale is given for the transition from the weights of various initiating conditions to their contributions to emergency situations. Simulation models of decision-making for operational substantive analysis of emergency situations were developed, including an assessment of the weights and contributions of mining and geological, mining and technical factors, and personnel errors to the risk of methane explosion occurrence, fires and gasification of workings in case of violations in the degassing systems. It is shown that the existing hazards must be able to measure, i.e. have numerical scales. These hazardrs can be assessed based on the construction of hazard trees. Using them, as well as assessments of emergency changes in the state of the technosphere of coal mines, which are based on the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships of hazard sources, simulation models of the hazard of underground accidents were formed and implemented. These models can be considered as functional models of any emergency situation, allowing to obtain analytical estimates of variations in emergency situations by their weights and contributions to the hazard of emergency situations.
{"title":"Simulation Models for Assessing the Risk of Underground Accidents Occurrence in the Coal Mines","authors":"V. V. Kupriyanov, I. Bondarenko","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"The article is related to the safety issues of the coal mines considering not only the standard conditions of their operation, but also the influence of external effects, personnel errors during mining operations and operation of controls and automation. The relationship between the causes of accidents and sources of hazards is shown. The analysis of mine safety research methods was carried out, which allow to identify the most dangerous causes and conditions of the underground accidents to one degree or another. It is shown that at the mining sites, despite the extremely small, but non-zero probability, accidents still occur due to the probability densities of rare dangerous situations leading to severe consequences. The expediency of logical-probabilistic methods for modeling scenarios of possible accidents, which are interpreted by the cause-and-effect diagrams of the occurrence of a chain of incidents, is asserted. Based on the normalization of the frequencies of occurrence of emergency situations in coal mining, a rationale is given for the transition from the weights of various initiating conditions to their contributions to emergency situations. Simulation models of decision-making for operational substantive analysis of emergency situations were developed, including an assessment of the weights and contributions of mining and geological, mining and technical factors, and personnel errors to the risk of methane explosion occurrence, fires and gasification of workings in case of violations in the degassing systems. It is shown that the existing hazards must be able to measure, i.e. have numerical scales. These hazardrs can be assessed based on the construction of hazard trees. Using them, as well as assessments of emergency changes in the state of the technosphere of coal mines, which are based on the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships of hazard sources, simulation models of the hazard of underground accidents were formed and implemented. These models can be considered as functional models of any emergency situation, allowing to obtain analytical estimates of variations in emergency situations by their weights and contributions to the hazard of emergency situations.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-84-90
A. V. Shchipanov
Information is provided on the legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of organizations in the field of occupational safety. The relevance and expediency of the application of risk-oriented and process approaches at the stage of the development and implementation of the occupational safety management system on the basis of the legislative documents containing mandatory requirements, compliance with which is mandatory in the development of the occupational safety management system. The methodological substantiation of the process approach to the development of an occupational health and safety management system in an organization, based on a systematic approach using the well-known PDCA principle, is given, the basic issues of its applicability are considered. A matrix of processes and sub-processes was compiled in accordance with the typology of processes according to ISO (ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3), the organization management processes, the processes of measurement, analysis and improvement, the main processes and processes of resource management are given, the processes are ranked by levels. The model was developed for creating an occupational health and safety management system based on risk-oriented and process approaches, the technique of structural analysis and design SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique), and functional modeling methodology IDEF0. The development was carried out concerning the main context diagram of the process of creating an occupational health and safety management system in the IDEF0 notation. The decomposition of processes of the second and third levels is presented, and all their functional relationships are described. It is demonstrated that the risk-oriented and process approaches used in the design of the occupational health and safety management system make it possible to structure the composition of processes, clearly define the input and output parameters of processes, process participants, resources, and ensure control and adjustment of processes.
{"title":"Risk-oriented and Process Approaches are the Basis of the Current Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the Organization","authors":"A. V. Shchipanov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-84-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-4-84-90","url":null,"abstract":"Information is provided on the legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of organizations in the field of occupational safety. The relevance and expediency of the application of risk-oriented and process approaches at the stage of the development and implementation of the occupational safety management system on the basis of the legislative documents containing mandatory requirements, compliance with which is mandatory in the development of the occupational safety management system. The methodological substantiation of the process approach to the development of an occupational health and safety management system in an organization, based on a systematic approach using the well-known PDCA principle, is given, the basic issues of its applicability are considered. A matrix of processes and sub-processes was compiled in accordance with the typology of processes according to ISO (ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3), the organization management processes, the processes of measurement, analysis and improvement, the main processes and processes of resource management are given, the processes are ranked by levels. The model was developed for creating an occupational health and safety management system based on risk-oriented and process approaches, the technique of structural analysis and design SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique), and functional modeling methodology IDEF0. The development was carried out concerning the main context diagram of the process of creating an occupational health and safety management system in the IDEF0 notation. The decomposition of processes of the second and third levels is presented, and all their functional relationships are described. It is demonstrated that the risk-oriented and process approaches used in the design of the occupational health and safety management system make it possible to structure the composition of processes, clearly define the input and output parameters of processes, process participants, resources, and ensure control and adjustment of processes.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44988662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：