{"title":"\"Classics\" for an Age of Anxiety","authors":"Hunter H. Gardner","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"72 1","pages":"222 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81756222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Crito cites his motivations to smuggle Socrates out of prison as concern for his friend and concern for his own reputation among the Many. Socrates, in his reply, refers only to the latter reason. The selectivity of this response does not draw comment from Crito, opening the door to an understanding that it is his reputation among the Many that is his primary—or even sole—concern. Taking a different approach, I suggest that Socrates' response reflects a complex relationship between Crito's two motives. This relationship, I argue, may remain relevant to law-breakers today. It can also shed light on wider questions concerning the dialogue as a work of philosophical literature from the early fourth century, on ancient Athenian democracy and the law-abiding, and eventually concerning the way to read such a treatise.
{"title":"Friendship and Reputation in Plato's Crito","authors":"Y. Liebersohn","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Crito cites his motivations to smuggle Socrates out of prison as concern for his friend and concern for his own reputation among the Many. Socrates, in his reply, refers only to the latter reason. The selectivity of this response does not draw comment from Crito, opening the door to an understanding that it is his reputation among the Many that is his primary—or even sole—concern. Taking a different approach, I suggest that Socrates' response reflects a complex relationship between Crito's two motives. This relationship, I argue, may remain relevant to law-breakers today. It can also shed light on wider questions concerning the dialogue as a work of philosophical literature from the early fourth century, on ancient Athenian democracy and the law-abiding, and eventually concerning the way to read such a treatise.","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"30 1","pages":"156 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82809459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Apollonius updates the usage of terms around the concept of fate from their earlier poetic usages, particularly his primary Homeric models, so that they reflect 3rd-century philosophical discussions. He uses the general terms for fate (αἶσα, μοῖρα, πότμος, οἶτος) more narrowly than Homer, avoiding personifications and their use as synonyms for "death" or "day of one's death;" he introduces a pattern where "fulfilling one's fate" refers to the fulfillment of a prophecy introduced in the Argonautica. These usages are congruent with Stoic doctrines of an impersonal and universal fate, which is supported by the truth of prophecies. With ἀνάγκη, likewise, Apollonius narrows the Homeric usage, but more significantly he rejects later developments of "necessity" to become coextensive with "fate" in Greek thought, so that his usage seems to refer to the 3rd-century controversy about the relation of the two. He expands occasional Homeric uses of κήρ as a personification and as escapable, so that this term expresses the themes excluded from his stricter use of the central terms for fate. Experiments with new senses of χρεώ further support the picture of Apollonius consciously remodeling his vocabulary of fate.
摘要:阿波罗尼乌斯更新了围绕命运概念的术语的用法，从他们早期的诗歌用法，特别是他的主要荷马模式，使他们反映了3世纪的哲学讨论。他对命运的一般术语(α ι σα， μο ο ρα， π ο τος， ο ο ος)的使用比荷马更狭隘，避免了拟人化和将它们用作“死亡”或“死亡之日”的同义词;他引入了一种模式，其中“实现一个人的命运”指的是《阿尔戈瑙提卡》中引入的预言的实现。这些用法是一致的斯多葛学说的一个客观的和普遍的命运，这是由预言的真理支持。同样地，阿波罗尼乌斯用ν γκη缩小了荷马的用法，但更重要的是，他拒绝了后来发展的“必然性”与“命运”在希腊思想中的共同扩展，所以他的用法似乎指的是三世纪关于两者关系的争论。他扩展了偶尔的荷马式对κ‐‐ρ的使用，作为拟人化和可逃避的，所以这个术语表达的主题被排除在他对命运的中心术语的严格使用之外。χρεώ新感觉的实验进一步支持了阿波罗尼乌斯有意识地重塑他的命运词汇的画面。
{"title":"The Vocabulary of Fate in Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica","authors":"Paul Ojennus","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Apollonius updates the usage of terms around the concept of fate from their earlier poetic usages, particularly his primary Homeric models, so that they reflect 3rd-century philosophical discussions. He uses the general terms for fate (αἶσα, μοῖρα, πότμος, οἶτος) more narrowly than Homer, avoiding personifications and their use as synonyms for \"death\" or \"day of one's death;\" he introduces a pattern where \"fulfilling one's fate\" refers to the fulfillment of a prophecy introduced in the Argonautica. These usages are congruent with Stoic doctrines of an impersonal and universal fate, which is supported by the truth of prophecies. With ἀνάγκη, likewise, Apollonius narrows the Homeric usage, but more significantly he rejects later developments of \"necessity\" to become coextensive with \"fate\" in Greek thought, so that his usage seems to refer to the 3rd-century controversy about the relation of the two. He expands occasional Homeric uses of κήρ as a personification and as escapable, so that this term expresses the themes excluded from his stricter use of the central terms for fate. Experiments with new senses of χρεώ further support the picture of Apollonius consciously remodeling his vocabulary of fate.","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"97 1","pages":"194 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89303398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edwin M. Carawan, Y. Liebersohn, Cecilia Cozzi, Paul Ojennus, Hunter H. Gardner, D. J. White, R. V. Wijk, Anthony J. Thomas, H. Lehmann, A. Potter, Kira Jones, M. Ronnick
Abstract:The tale of how Achilles' armor was awarded to a worthy successor evolved to reflect customary procedures and emerging ideology. In this article I offer a new reconstruction of that changing story, as variations in the method of decision reshaped the plot to match audience expectations. The epic version began with ad hoc arbitration and an element of chance that left the loser no one to blame. The generations after Cleisthenes developed a Judgment by majority rule in which each voter must choose for himself but all are responsible, and Αjax becomes a reactionary against that new regime.
{"title":"Deciding the \"Judgment of Arms\"","authors":"Edwin M. Carawan, Y. Liebersohn, Cecilia Cozzi, Paul Ojennus, Hunter H. Gardner, D. J. White, R. V. Wijk, Anthony J. Thomas, H. Lehmann, A. Potter, Kira Jones, M. Ronnick","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The tale of how Achilles' armor was awarded to a worthy successor evolved to reflect customary procedures and emerging ideology. In this article I offer a new reconstruction of that changing story, as variations in the method of decision reshaped the plot to match audience expectations. The epic version began with ad hoc arbitration and an element of chance that left the loser no one to blame. The generations after Cleisthenes developed a Judgment by majority rule in which each voter must choose for himself but all are responsible, and Αjax becomes a reactionary against that new regime.","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"34 1","pages":"127 - 155 - 156 - 172 - 173 - 193 - 194 - 221 - 222 - 231 - 232 - 236 - 237 - 239 - 239 - 241 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84309399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Athens at the Margins: Pottery and People in the Early Mediterranean World by Nathan Arrington (review)","authors":"R. V. Wijk","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"24 1","pages":"237 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72522481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visual Power in Ancient Greece and Rome: Between Art and Social Reality by Tonio Hölscher (review)","authors":"K. Jones","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"131 1","pages":"247 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86277743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Body and Desire: Gregory of Nyssa's Ascetical Theology by Raphael A. Cadenhead (review)","authors":"A. Thomas","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"104 1","pages":"239 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81921899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Travel and Home in Homer's Odyssey and Contemporary Literature: Critical Encounters and Nostalgic Returns by Carol Dougherty (review)","authors":"H. Lehmann","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"104 1","pages":"242 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89292080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orientalism and the Reception of Powerful Women from the Ancient World ed. by Filippo Carlà-Uhink and Anja Wieber (review)","authors":"A. Potter","doi":"10.1353/tcj.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35668,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL JOURNAL","volume":"41 1","pages":"244 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74803171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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