The aim of the article is to assess the challenges facing Western Balkan welfare states and the available strategic options for enhancing social protection and human development in the region. The analyses of challenges encompassed the relevant EU and national statistics. For each challenge, channels were analysed, through which the impact on the welfare state was reflected. Both challenges and options were assessed against the experience of more advanced societies, especially EU
{"title":"The welfare state in Western Balkan countries: Challenges and options","authors":"G. Matković","doi":"10.2298/stnv190624004m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv190624004m","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to assess the challenges facing Western Balkan welfare states and the available strategic options for enhancing social protection and human development in the region. The analyses of challenges encompassed the relevant EU and national statistics. For each challenge, channels were analysed, through which the impact on the welfare state was reflected. Both challenges and options were assessed against the experience of more advanced societies, especially EU","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74311447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article identifies links between the active aging process and the “silver economy” at the European Union level. It also defines economic and societal prerequisites for “silver entrepreneurship”, which Serbia, as a small, transition, factor-driven economy can exploit. Previous research has shown there are two ways in which older people can be involved in the silver economy: as producers (“silver entrepreneurs”), or as consumers. Demand for data about silver entrepreneurship has been driven by macroeconomists, notably those devoted to issues around fiscal instability, rather than by the urgent need to consider this phenomenon as one driven by growth and competitiveness. Existing research has identified two forms of silver entrepreneurship: opportunity-based and necessity-based. Opportunity-based silver entrepreneurship is inherent in economies with high GDP per capita. Across the EU-28 nations, the average GDP per capita in purchasing power standard (PPS) in 2017 was recorded as 29,299 EUR. This figure was used as a proxy measurement of living standards. However, in the smaller transition economies of Southeast Europe, this figure is a lot lower. In 2017, the average GDP per capita in PPS in Serbia was 4,800 EUR. In order to identify the economic factors necessary for silver entrepreneurship at both the company and individual levels in Serbia, we derived data from a range of sources. These included the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the Labour Force Survey 2017, the Pension and Disability Insurance Fund, and the Minis-try of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications. Data relating to the Uncertainty Avoidance Index for Serbia (UAI) were derived from research organized by the Regional Cooperation Council and GfK. The author then calculated the UAI for Serbia. The collected data showed how the UAI for Serbia has changed over time, declining from a value of 92 in 1993 to 60 in 2016. Statistics about pensions in Serbia show that only military retirees, who have an average monthly pension of 46,494 RSD, can cover the minimum consumer basket costs of 36,090 RSD.
{"title":"Active aging and prerequisites for silver entrepreneurship in Serbia","authors":"Valentina Ivanić","doi":"10.2298/stnv181215003i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv181215003i","url":null,"abstract":"This article identifies links between the active aging process and the “silver economy” at the European Union level. It also defines economic and societal prerequisites for “silver entrepreneurship”, which Serbia, as a small, transition, factor-driven economy can exploit. Previous research has shown there are two ways in which older people can be involved in the silver economy: as producers (“silver entrepreneurs”), or as consumers. Demand for data about silver entrepreneurship has been driven by macroeconomists, notably those devoted to issues around fiscal instability, rather than by the urgent need to consider this phenomenon as one driven by growth and competitiveness. Existing research has identified two forms of silver entrepreneurship: opportunity-based and necessity-based. Opportunity-based silver entrepreneurship is inherent in economies with high GDP per capita. Across the EU-28 nations, the average GDP per capita in purchasing power standard (PPS) in 2017 was recorded as 29,299 EUR. This figure was used as a proxy measurement of living standards. However, in the smaller transition economies of Southeast Europe, this figure is a lot lower. In 2017, the average GDP per capita in PPS in Serbia was 4,800 EUR. In order to identify the economic factors necessary for silver entrepreneurship at both the company and individual levels in Serbia, we derived data from a range of sources. These included the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the Labour Force Survey 2017, the Pension and Disability Insurance Fund, and the Minis-try of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications. Data relating to the Uncertainty Avoidance Index for Serbia (UAI) were derived from research organized by the Regional Cooperation Council and GfK. The author then calculated the UAI for Serbia. The collected data showed how the UAI for Serbia has changed over time, declining from a value of 92 in 1993 to 60 in 2016. Statistics about pensions in Serbia show that only military retirees, who have an average monthly pension of 46,494 RSD, can cover the minimum consumer basket costs of 36,090 RSD.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73007598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Educated and talented people drive progress in every country. That?s why no country can neglect these people; that would mean losing one?s own potential. This paper emphasises the importance of educating scholarship students abroad as a means of developing and accumulating human resources and a key determinant of sustainable development in the modern world. Investing in the education of the best students (scholarship holders) is an investment in the future, which brings multiple benefits on a social, economic, and political level. Migration is an important phenomenon that attracts public attention, especially when it comes to highly educated experts leaving their home country in search of better education. Highly educated experts have been leaving Serbia for several decades, which poses an obvious problem for local society. The topic of permanent migration is dominant both in foreign and domestic literature, but studies on the temporary migration of highly educated students (scholarship holders) is almost nonexistent. The aim of this paper is to point out the value of returnee scholarship holders and the importance of creating the appropriate conditions for them to stay in the country. A survey conducted on a group of 96 returnee scholarship holders identified factors that affect their satisfaction with living in Serbia. The survey involved experts from Serbia who were educated abroad as scholarship holders, where they acquired academic titles and are now employed: as faculty teachers (32); as researchers at scientific institutes (24); in the private sector (21); at universities (12); in state administrative departments (5); and in medical institutions (2). The criterion for selecting this group of respondents was that they had stayed abroad as scholarship holders, whether they used scholarships from domestic (24) or foreign (72) funds. Scholarship students go abroad mostly because of their personal aspirations for training, gaining new experiences, and because of the inability to study the desired discipline in their country, as was the case for 74 respondents. The main reasons for deciding to return are family (25) and the belief that they have a good chance to work in Serbia (18), while 16 respondents could not stay abroad. In this paper, we used the factor analysis method. The main factors that create satisfaction with life in Serbia are isolated. These factors are: satisfaction with work and a set of factors that strongly correlate with it (the ability to make decisions, the implementation of acquired knowledge, peer acceptance), as well as the recognition of their diploma in Serbia without any difficulties. By improving these factors, there might be a significant increase in the chance that returnee scholarship holders remain in Serbia for a long time. Based on this, it would be wise to build a strategy on how to encourage returnee scholarship holders to stay in the country. The results obtained in thi
{"title":"Life satisfaction of returnee scholarship holders in Serbia","authors":"Nena A. Vasojević, S. Kirin","doi":"10.2298/stnv1902071v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv1902071v","url":null,"abstract":"Educated and talented people drive progress in every country. That?s why no country can neglect these people; that would mean losing one?s own potential. This paper emphasises the importance of educating scholarship students abroad as a means of developing and accumulating human resources and a key determinant of sustainable development in the modern world. Investing in the education of the best students (scholarship holders) is an investment in the future, which brings multiple benefits on a social, economic, and political level. Migration is an important phenomenon that attracts public attention, especially when it comes to highly educated experts leaving their home country in search of better education. Highly educated experts have been leaving Serbia for several decades, which poses an obvious problem for local society. The topic of permanent migration is dominant both in foreign and domestic literature, but studies on the temporary migration of highly educated students (scholarship holders) is almost nonexistent. The aim of this paper is to point out the value of returnee scholarship holders and the importance of creating the appropriate conditions for them to stay in the country. A survey conducted on a group of 96 returnee scholarship holders identified factors that affect their satisfaction with living in Serbia. The survey involved experts from Serbia who were educated abroad as scholarship holders, where they acquired academic titles and are now employed: as faculty teachers (32); as researchers at scientific institutes (24); in the private sector (21); at universities (12); in state administrative departments (5); and in medical institutions (2). The criterion for selecting this group of respondents was that they had stayed abroad as scholarship holders, whether they used scholarships from domestic (24) or foreign (72) funds. Scholarship students go abroad mostly because of their personal aspirations for training, gaining new experiences, and because of the inability to study the desired discipline in their country, as was the case for 74 respondents. The main reasons for deciding to return are family (25) and the belief that they have a good chance to work in Serbia (18), while 16 respondents could not stay abroad. In this paper, we used the factor analysis method. The main factors that create satisfaction with life in Serbia are isolated. These factors are: satisfaction with work and a set of factors that strongly correlate with it (the ability to make decisions, the implementation of acquired knowledge, peer acceptance), as well as the recognition of their diploma in Serbia without any difficulties. By improving these factors, there might be a significant increase in the chance that returnee scholarship holders remain in Serbia for a long time. Based on this, it would be wise to build a strategy on how to encourage returnee scholarship holders to stay in the country. The results obtained in thi","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82698059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our understanding of whether, to what extent, and under which conditions religions nowadays influence birth levels depends on research. It is important to seek answers to two fundamental questions. The first question is about the role of religiosity and religious affiliation in the deterministic cause of low fertility and family planning in recent times. The second question deals with the influence of religious institutions on birth levels and the exercise of reproductive rights at the global level and within certain population groups over recent decades. To that end, the paper provides an overview of theoretical examinations of the connection between religions and fertility, empirical studies addressing low completed fertility, birth control, or sexual behaviour in relation to religiosity or religious affiliation of individuals, as well as the influence of religious institutions on fertility transition and the respect of human rights in this field. A review of the recent studies of various populations characterised by low birth levels shows that religiosity, especially practising religion, encourages people to uphold traditional values, attitudes, and behaviours that are directly or indirectly related to the concepts of marriage and childbearing. Moreover, it sheds light on some examples of religious institutions? concrete opposition to progress in this area, while also highlighting contradictory cases of religions supporting pro-found contemporary changes in reproductive behaviour.
{"title":"Religions and low fertility today","authors":"M. Rasevic","doi":"10.2298/stnv190814005r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv190814005r","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of whether, to what extent, and under which conditions religions nowadays influence birth levels depends on research. It is important to seek answers to two fundamental questions. The first question is about the role of religiosity and religious affiliation in the deterministic cause of low fertility and family planning in recent times. The second question deals with the influence of religious institutions on birth levels and the exercise of reproductive rights at the global level and within certain population groups over recent decades. To that end, the paper provides an overview of theoretical examinations of the connection between religions and fertility, empirical studies addressing low completed fertility, birth control, or sexual behaviour in relation to religiosity or religious affiliation of individuals, as well as the influence of religious institutions on fertility transition and the respect of human rights in this field. A review of the recent studies of various populations characterised by low birth levels shows that religiosity, especially practising religion, encourages people to uphold traditional values, attitudes, and behaviours that are directly or indirectly related to the concepts of marriage and childbearing. Moreover, it sheds light on some examples of religious institutions? concrete opposition to progress in this area, while also highlighting contradictory cases of religions supporting pro-found contemporary changes in reproductive behaviour.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80913590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In stark contrast to certain EU member countries, Serbia faces a high youth unemployment rate of over 30% (34.9% in 2016, 32.8% in 2017 and 31% in 2018). This paper provides a logistic regression analysis of what characteristics among youth (15-30 years of age) contribute to the likelihood of their employment in Serbia. While youth is internationally defined as being between the ages of 15-24, this paper broadens it to 15-30, as it is defined in Serbia (RS) for the purposes of youth employment/unemployment and for the country?s ?National Youth Strategy from 2015 to 2025.? The study was conducted using micro data from the Labour Force Survey provided on request from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The indicators that affect whether a young person will be employed or not are: the financial background of the participant?s household, earnings, age, gender, and total years of work experience. Theoretically, although it may be anticipated that unemployed individuals who have greater work experience find it easier to find a job, employment does seem to automatically generate longer working hours. The results of the research are both practical and scientific, as they may not only assist policy-makers in the process of writing strategies on youth employment, but also bear groundwork for further study.
{"title":"What characteristics in the youth labour market of Serbia are likely to result in employment?","authors":"Dejana Pavlović, D. Bjelica, Ivana S. Domazet","doi":"10.2298/stnv190823006p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv190823006p","url":null,"abstract":"In stark contrast to certain EU member countries, Serbia faces a high youth unemployment rate of over 30% (34.9% in 2016, 32.8% in 2017 and 31% in 2018). This paper provides a logistic regression analysis of what characteristics among youth (15-30 years of age) contribute to the likelihood of their employment in Serbia. While youth is internationally defined as being between the ages of 15-24, this paper broadens it to 15-30, as it is defined in Serbia (RS) for the purposes of youth employment/unemployment and for the country?s ?National Youth Strategy from 2015 to 2025.? The study was conducted using micro data from the Labour Force Survey provided on request from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The indicators that affect whether a young person will be employed or not are: the financial background of the participant?s household, earnings, age, gender, and total years of work experience. Theoretically, although it may be anticipated that unemployed individuals who have greater work experience find it easier to find a job, employment does seem to automatically generate longer working hours. The results of the research are both practical and scientific, as they may not only assist policy-makers in the process of writing strategies on youth employment, but also bear groundwork for further study.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89863565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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