The association between age and subjective wellbeing has been examined across different samples and obser?vational time frames, most often indicating a decline in subjective wellbeing with age or a U-shaped relation. Although various contextual variables have been examined as moderators of this relation, the moderating effect of social spending has not been investigated so far. Given that social spending is potentially beneficial for wellbeing and that social spending in Europe is primarily elderly-oriented, we assumed that in countries with higher social spending expenditures, there is a more positive effect of age on subjective wellbeing. We used cross-sectional hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analysis and the data from the ninth round of the European Social Survey, including 29 countries. Our results show that age is generally negatively related, while age squared is positively related to subjec?tive wellbeing, indicating a U-shaped relation between age and wellbeing. Additionally, social spending at the aggregate level is a significant determinant of wellbeing at the individual level. Most importantly, social spending is a significant positive moderator of this association: with increasing social spending levels, aging is more positively related to wellbeing.
{"title":"Aging well? Social spending, age, and subjective wellbeing across Europe","authors":"V. Mentus","doi":"10.2298/stnv2202075m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv2202075m","url":null,"abstract":"The association between age and subjective wellbeing has been examined across different samples and obser?vational time frames, most often indicating a decline in subjective wellbeing with age or a U-shaped relation. Although various contextual variables have been examined as moderators of this relation, the moderating effect of social spending has not been investigated so far. Given that social spending is potentially beneficial for wellbeing and that social spending in Europe is primarily elderly-oriented, we assumed that in countries with higher social spending expenditures, there is a more positive effect of age on subjective wellbeing. We used cross-sectional hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analysis and the data from the ninth round of the European Social Survey, including 29 countries. Our results show that age is generally negatively related, while age squared is positively related to subjec?tive wellbeing, indicating a U-shaped relation between age and wellbeing. Additionally, social spending at the aggregate level is a significant determinant of wellbeing at the individual level. Most importantly, social spending is a significant positive moderator of this association: with increasing social spending levels, aging is more positively related to wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83305216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demographic studies of the population by ethnicity are gaining new significance. Emigration, intensive aging, and declining fertility have caused changes in demographic trends, particularly in communities of different ethnic backgrounds. Ethnodemographic trends are mostly observed through the lens of official ethnic statistics. The most important factor regarding data quality is the approach towards subjective criteria in the self-declaration of ethnic affiliation in censuses and vital statistical surveys. This paper presents examples of statistical deviations of demographic indicators based on official data on ethnicity and introduces a proposal for research into their quality and use value. Our research proposal is based on previous demographic analyses of ethnicity data and focuses on the demographic framework of statistics of ethnicity in Serbia through data quality analysis. We contend that the results presented in the paper constitute a sufficient argument for a broader methodological discussion regarding the necessity of demographic research into ethnicity data to create a ?more objective? demographic picture of minorities. Examining the quality of ethnicity data is ver y important for analysing indicators of statistically variable minority ethnic groups. The results of the research can form the basis for reviewing the data sources on which policies towards ethnic minorities are formulated.
{"title":"The demographic approach to the quality of official ethnicity data in Serbia - a research proposal","authors":"Nevena Trnavcevic, Aleksandar Knezevic","doi":"10.2298/stnv220416004t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv220416004t","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic studies of the population by ethnicity are gaining new significance. Emigration, intensive aging, and declining fertility have caused changes in demographic trends, particularly in communities of different ethnic backgrounds. Ethnodemographic trends are mostly observed through the lens of official ethnic statistics. The most important factor regarding data quality is the approach towards subjective criteria in the self-declaration of ethnic affiliation in censuses and vital statistical surveys. This paper presents examples of statistical deviations of demographic indicators based on official data on ethnicity and introduces a proposal for research into their quality and use value. Our research proposal is based on previous demographic analyses of ethnicity data and focuses on the demographic framework of statistics of ethnicity in Serbia through data quality analysis. We contend that the results presented in the paper constitute a sufficient argument for a broader methodological discussion regarding the necessity of demographic research into ethnicity data to create a ?more objective? demographic picture of minorities. Examining the quality of ethnicity data is ver y important for analysing indicators of statistically variable minority ethnic groups. The results of the research can form the basis for reviewing the data sources on which policies towards ethnic minorities are formulated.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75504331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faced with high levels of poverty, China introduced its "one-child policy" in 1980 and began economic and systemic reforms that led to the country's strong economic development. Thanks to the improvement in the average standard of living, certain socioeconomic aspects related to women's employment, the pursuit of higher education, delays in childbirth, and the number of children have changed. These changes have not only reduced the number of children being born and led to population aging, but have also affected the labour market. The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of Chinese population policy on selected labour market indicators: labour force by age and sex in rural/urban areas, the labour force participation rate, and the unemployment rate. Research results from 2010 to 2020 show the growth of the labour force, while the unemployment rate has been growing since 2018. It is noticeable that the number of workers in the labour force is growing in cities, while it is declining in rural areas. On the other hand, the unemployment rate is lower in rural areas, while the growth of unemployment is evident in urban areas. The research shows that the long-term implementation of this population policy has resulted in a larger number of men, leading to greater participation of men in the labour force. Despite measures to improve the position of women at work, women's social security is still not guaranteed, and it is more difficult for women to decide to expand their families. As China has ambitious plans for economic development, defining adequate population and social policies is crucial for their implementation.
{"title":"The effects оf Chinese population policy оn the labour market","authors":"S. Filipovic, Jelena Ignjatovic","doi":"10.2298/stnv220609003f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv220609003f","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with high levels of poverty, China introduced its \"one-child policy\" in 1980 and began economic and systemic reforms that led to the country's strong economic development. Thanks to the improvement in the average standard of living, certain socioeconomic aspects related to women's employment, the pursuit of higher education, delays in childbirth, and the number of children have changed. These changes have not only reduced the number of children being born and led to population aging, but have also affected the labour market. The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of Chinese population policy on selected labour market indicators: labour force by age and sex in rural/urban areas, the labour force participation rate, and the unemployment rate. Research results from 2010 to 2020 show the growth of the labour force, while the unemployment rate has been growing since 2018. It is noticeable that the number of workers in the labour force is growing in cities, while it is declining in rural areas. On the other hand, the unemployment rate is lower in rural areas, while the growth of unemployment is evident in urban areas. The research shows that the long-term implementation of this population policy has resulted in a larger number of men, leading to greater participation of men in the labour force. Despite measures to improve the position of women at work, women's social security is still not guaranteed, and it is more difficult for women to decide to expand their families. As China has ambitious plans for economic development, defining adequate population and social policies is crucial for their implementation.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77470145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While focusing on the phenomenon of ?extended youth?, this paper presents the results of anthropological research on coming of age: classical and contemporary. The paper questions the parameters of ?normality? when it comes to ?extending? phases, youth in particular. While examining what it means to be young, the paper emphasises anthro?pological contributions to life course research. First of all, the paper focuses on research that highlights concepts seen as universal and biological. Moreover, it approaches classical anthropological research that analyses lifecycle customs and rites of passage. By emphasising classic an?thropological works, such as the contributions of Margaret Mead, the paper shows how ethnographic examples have helped present the diversity of the perception of ?ade?quate?, ?normal?, and ?good? when it comes to life stages or transitions from one life stage to another. In addition to the work of Mead, special attention is paid to the work of Arnold van Gennep, whose research on rites of passage had a great influence on generations of Serbian ethnologists and anthropologists. Van Gennep?s scheme of successive stages made up of the pattern of rites of passage (separation, transition/liminality, and ag?gregation) has been particularly important in the context of the transition into adulthood. Finally, this paper analy?ses how young people in Serbia perceive their youth and life stages in the contemporary context. The presented results are part of a qualitative research study based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2019 and 2020. The re?sults highlight the cultural representations of the ?normal? life course and life stage transitions, then present how some young people manage their transition to adulthood in order to perceive their youth as ?well-spent?. The con?clusion examines how time, life phases, and expectations have been constructed in the local context. Moreover, the paper highlights the layers of the transition to adulthood and autonomy (residential, financial, emotional etc.) that, furthermore, show the complexity of the phenomenon of ?extended youth?. By questioning the mainstream explanations of extended youth as an exclusive consequence of structural factors and political crisis, the paper offers an alternative explanation of extended youth through the analysis of cultural logic.
{"title":"Anthropological research on coming of age and “extended youth”: Youth “well-spent” in Serbia","authors":"Katarina Mitrovic","doi":"10.2298/stnv2202089m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv2202089m","url":null,"abstract":"While focusing on the phenomenon of ?extended youth?, this paper presents the results of anthropological research on coming of age: classical and contemporary. The paper questions the parameters of ?normality? when it comes to ?extending? phases, youth in particular. While examining what it means to be young, the paper emphasises anthro?pological contributions to life course research. First of all, the paper focuses on research that highlights concepts seen as universal and biological. Moreover, it approaches classical anthropological research that analyses lifecycle customs and rites of passage. By emphasising classic an?thropological works, such as the contributions of Margaret Mead, the paper shows how ethnographic examples have helped present the diversity of the perception of ?ade?quate?, ?normal?, and ?good? when it comes to life stages or transitions from one life stage to another. In addition to the work of Mead, special attention is paid to the work of Arnold van Gennep, whose research on rites of passage had a great influence on generations of Serbian ethnologists and anthropologists. Van Gennep?s scheme of successive stages made up of the pattern of rites of passage (separation, transition/liminality, and ag?gregation) has been particularly important in the context of the transition into adulthood. Finally, this paper analy?ses how young people in Serbia perceive their youth and life stages in the contemporary context. The presented results are part of a qualitative research study based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2019 and 2020. The re?sults highlight the cultural representations of the ?normal? life course and life stage transitions, then present how some young people manage their transition to adulthood in order to perceive their youth as ?well-spent?. The con?clusion examines how time, life phases, and expectations have been constructed in the local context. Moreover, the paper highlights the layers of the transition to adulthood and autonomy (residential, financial, emotional etc.) that, furthermore, show the complexity of the phenomenon of ?extended youth?. By questioning the mainstream explanations of extended youth as an exclusive consequence of structural factors and political crisis, the paper offers an alternative explanation of extended youth through the analysis of cultural logic.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88556038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dealing with the migrant crisis in Europe has shown that the regulations, principles, and values of the European Union are overshadowed by the individual interests of its member states. On the one hand, EU member states have faced internal political challenges caused by populism, while on the other hand, there has been a lack of rapid, coordinated, and synchronised measures to solve the problems at hand. The mass influx of migrants from Asia and Africa to Europe indicates demographic shifts on a historic scale and possible global consequences, but EU member states have been observing the issue and are still observing it primarily from their own national point of view. A comparative analysis of electoral support for populist parties and movements in Europe since the beginning of the migrant crisis has led to an indicative conclusion that there is a direct correlation between increasing support for populists and the large-scale migrant crisis. The significant influx of migrants has contributed not decisively, but to a significant extent to the creation of a great populist wave that has engulfed almost all of Europe.
{"title":"Populism and the migrant crisis in Europe - political implications","authors":"Zoran Lutovac","doi":"10.2298/stnv221103005l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv221103005l","url":null,"abstract":"Dealing with the migrant crisis in Europe has shown that the regulations, principles, and values of the European Union are overshadowed by the individual interests of its member states. On the one hand, EU member states have faced internal political challenges caused by populism, while on the other hand, there has been a lack of rapid, coordinated, and synchronised measures to solve the problems at hand. The mass influx of migrants from Asia and Africa to Europe indicates demographic shifts on a historic scale and possible global consequences, but EU member states have been observing the issue and are still observing it primarily from their own national point of view. A comparative analysis of electoral support for populist parties and movements in Europe since the beginning of the migrant crisis has led to an indicative conclusion that there is a direct correlation between increasing support for populists and the large-scale migrant crisis. The significant influx of migrants has contributed not decisively, but to a significant extent to the creation of a great populist wave that has engulfed almost all of Europe.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82148824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the transnational competencies and cultural capital of migrants, as well as the mechanism of their transfer after returning to their countries of origin, based on Bourdieu?s conception of cultural capital. Using the example of two groups of highly educated returnees to Serbia - scientists and artists - the paper analyses the possibilities of the reproduction of cultural capital in a new, transnational context, between countries of origin and destination, as well as processes of transformation and the creation of new forms of cultural capital. Returning to Serbia was a transnational experience for a large number of respondents. This process was gradual, despite their expressed desire to return to live and work in Serbia. In some cases, it lasted for years, or the respondents were professionally present in both communities at the same time. Establishing themselves in several different societies enabled the respondents to open new transnational fields in which cultural capital was transformed and upgraded. This significantly helped them to better understand the differences in the functioning of the society of origin and destination, as well as to develop innovative opportunities to apply better communication and/or transfer knowledge and skills between the two settings. New forms of cultural capital have helped a large number of respondents come to the realisation that getting to know new cultures and improving communication with them brings new qualities and opportunities for global positioning in a professional sense. They also influence the formation of new life aspirations and missions that can spread new cultural practices that are relevant to the wider community. The results of the research show that the two observed groups of highly skilled returnees differ some-what in the way they have access to institutional support in the process of transferring cultural capital. Artists, especially if they work as freelancers upon their return to Serbia, have a significantly lower opportunity to use institutional support than researchers in science and teaching staff in tertiary education institutions. In that sense, they rely more on social capital, i.e. informal migrant networks, and in that way they look for ways to transform their cultural capital into economic capital. On the other hand, scientific institutes and universities have a relatively high degree of academic engagement and cooperation at both the national and international levels. Therefore, they possess elements of the transnational social field, that is, they represent multiple intertwined networks of professional and social relations through which scientists have the opportunity to exchange, organise, and transform ideas, practices, and resources. Although these processes take place in an uneven way, especially in the transnational context, they provide an opportunity to develop co
{"title":"Transnational competences and cultural capital: The experiences of two groups of highly educated returnees to Serbia","authors":"Jelena Predojevic-Despic","doi":"10.2298/stnv2201117p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv2201117p","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the transnational competencies and cultural capital of migrants, as well as the mechanism of their transfer after returning to their countries of origin, based on Bourdieu?s conception of cultural capital. Using the example of two groups of highly educated returnees to Serbia - scientists and artists - the paper analyses the possibilities of the reproduction of cultural capital in a new, transnational context, between countries of origin and destination, as well as processes of transformation and the creation of new forms of cultural capital. Returning to Serbia was a transnational experience for a large number of respondents. This process was gradual, despite their expressed desire to return to live and work in Serbia. In some cases, it lasted for years, or the respondents were professionally present in both communities at the same time. Establishing themselves in several different societies enabled the respondents to open new transnational fields in which cultural capital was transformed and upgraded. This significantly helped them to better understand the differences in the functioning of the society of origin and destination, as well as to develop innovative opportunities to apply better communication and/or transfer knowledge and skills between the two settings. New forms of cultural capital have helped a large number of respondents come to the realisation that getting to know new cultures and improving communication with them brings new qualities and opportunities for global positioning in a professional sense. They also influence the formation of new life aspirations and missions that can spread new cultural practices that are relevant to the wider community. The results of the research show that the two observed groups of highly skilled returnees differ some-what in the way they have access to institutional support in the process of transferring cultural capital. Artists, especially if they work as freelancers upon their return to Serbia, have a significantly lower opportunity to use institutional support than researchers in science and teaching staff in tertiary education institutions. In that sense, they rely more on social capital, i.e. informal migrant networks, and in that way they look for ways to transform their cultural capital into economic capital. On the other hand, scientific institutes and universities have a relatively high degree of academic engagement and cooperation at both the national and international levels. Therefore, they possess elements of the transnational social field, that is, they represent multiple intertwined networks of professional and social relations through which scientists have the opportunity to exchange, organise, and transform ideas, practices, and resources. Although these processes take place in an uneven way, especially in the transnational context, they provide an opportunity to develop co","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77565369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is based on my longitudinal qualitative study, which takes a ?social biography approach? to exploring and interpreting biographical sequences in a person?s life course from early childhood to young adulthood. Against the background of a recent debate that argues for bringing ?life? back to life course research through the implementa?tion of qualitative data, the paper explores how life course studies could gain from taking a social biography approach to youth transitions. I focus on analysing education-to-work transitions within the biographies of a young woman and a young man from working-class families. The analysis shows that their education-to-work transitions were not based on linear trajectories, but their decision-making agency was path-dependent on their previous agency in differ?ent biographical contexts, and also linked to the lives of significant others. I argue that there is a heuristic benefit to including reflexivity within a study of the life course through the actors? interpretation of the impact of coun?try-specific ?opportunity structures? on their education and employment. Analysis of the two biographies has also revealed that the emotions and satisfaction displayed in the actors? reflections also had an impact on their agency in relation to education and work. After discussing the compatibility of the social biography approach with life course studies, I conclude that life course studies benefit from including a biographisation to the contextualisation of transition process.
{"title":"Bringing social biography to life course studies: Agency and reflexivity in education-to-work transitions in young adults’ biographies","authors":"S. Tomanović","doi":"10.2298/stnv2202009t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv2202009t","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is based on my longitudinal qualitative study, which takes a ?social biography approach? to exploring and interpreting biographical sequences in a person?s life course from early childhood to young adulthood. Against the background of a recent debate that argues for bringing ?life? back to life course research through the implementa?tion of qualitative data, the paper explores how life course studies could gain from taking a social biography approach to youth transitions. I focus on analysing education-to-work transitions within the biographies of a young woman and a young man from working-class families. The analysis shows that their education-to-work transitions were not based on linear trajectories, but their decision-making agency was path-dependent on their previous agency in differ?ent biographical contexts, and also linked to the lives of significant others. I argue that there is a heuristic benefit to including reflexivity within a study of the life course through the actors? interpretation of the impact of coun?try-specific ?opportunity structures? on their education and employment. Analysis of the two biographies has also revealed that the emotions and satisfaction displayed in the actors? reflections also had an impact on their agency in relation to education and work. After discussing the compatibility of the social biography approach with life course studies, I conclude that life course studies benefit from including a biographisation to the contextualisation of transition process.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88362500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infertility is a significant challenge, both on individual and macro levels. The overall aim of this paper is to contribute to better understanding infertility in Serbia by analysing relevant policies and programmes, data on the epidemiology of infertility, health services, and research findings. The investigation is grounded in the action research methodology, which is built on a shared process of reflection between researchers and participants on selected data and documents. The legal framework reflects modern approaches to a number of challenges in this area. Since the end of 2006, the Republic Health Insurance Fund (RHIF) has been financing the National Infertility Treatment Program with biomedically assisted reproduction (BMAR) procedures. The data on the epidemiology of infertility is not sufficiently addressed in health statistics and representative research. The quality of infertility treatment in Serbia is on par with developed countries, but it doesn?t include the donation of reproductive cells and surrogacy. There is also a lack of research on various aspects of infertility in Serbia from the perspective of different scientific disciplines. It is also hard to understand why, despite considerable possibilities for individual solutions to the problem of infertility in Serbia, the share of children born from BMAR procedures is relatively low.
{"title":"Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies in Serbia","authors":"M. Rasevic, Katarina Sedlecky","doi":"10.2298/stnv220418002r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv220418002r","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is a significant challenge, both on individual and macro levels. The overall aim of this paper is to contribute to better understanding infertility in Serbia by analysing relevant policies and programmes, data on the epidemiology of infertility, health services, and research findings. The investigation is grounded in the action research methodology, which is built on a shared process of reflection between researchers and participants on selected data and documents. The legal framework reflects modern approaches to a number of challenges in this area. Since the end of 2006, the Republic Health Insurance Fund (RHIF) has been financing the National Infertility Treatment Program with biomedically assisted reproduction (BMAR) procedures. The data on the epidemiology of infertility is not sufficiently addressed in health statistics and representative research. The quality of infertility treatment in Serbia is on par with developed countries, but it doesn?t include the donation of reproductive cells and surrogacy. There is also a lack of research on various aspects of infertility in Serbia from the perspective of different scientific disciplines. It is also hard to understand why, despite considerable possibilities for individual solutions to the problem of infertility in Serbia, the share of children born from BMAR procedures is relatively low.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78823277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores life span extension and longevity as one aspect of life course, focusing on the bioethical and social implications of the rise of longevity in modern societies. We juxtaposed Potter?s categorisation of types of survival with the opposing views about life extension. This ethical and ideological contrast is especially pro?nounced when it comes to human enhancement, which improves human capacities and functioning above and beyond the statistical norm of human health. In the medi?um and long term, these interventions would change not only the human species, but also social roles and relation?ships. The crux of social and bioethical concern could be expressed through the questions: from what age do we start extending human life, and for whom? Does the exten?sion of life lead to the re-establishment of our social roles from youth, or is it just a romantic image of our previous life stage? This study concludes that both paternalistic approaches to life extension and those avoiding modern medical treatments of diseases related to aging are faced with similar epistemological and social reductionism.
{"title":"Bioethical and social constructions of life extension and longevity","authors":"Veselin Mitrovic","doi":"10.2298/stnv2202107m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv2202107m","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores life span extension and longevity as one aspect of life course, focusing on the bioethical and social implications of the rise of longevity in modern societies. We juxtaposed Potter?s categorisation of types of survival with the opposing views about life extension. This ethical and ideological contrast is especially pro?nounced when it comes to human enhancement, which improves human capacities and functioning above and beyond the statistical norm of human health. In the medi?um and long term, these interventions would change not only the human species, but also social roles and relation?ships. The crux of social and bioethical concern could be expressed through the questions: from what age do we start extending human life, and for whom? Does the exten?sion of life lead to the re-establishment of our social roles from youth, or is it just a romantic image of our previous life stage? This study concludes that both paternalistic approaches to life extension and those avoiding modern medical treatments of diseases related to aging are faced with similar epistemological and social reductionism.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76334216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avoidable mortality is defined as death that could have been avoided by adequate and timely healthcare and public health and prevention measures. The method measures the efficiency of the health system by quantifying premature deaths (0-74) from certain causes. The analysis of avoidable mortality in Serbia, including both amenable and preventable mortality, covers the period from 2010 to 2019. The results for Serbia have shown that the contribution of specific mortality rates by age is mostly positive and that in the second decade of the 21st century, we can see a trend of increasing life expectancy (LE). The decomposition of life expectancy by age groups, sex, and cause of death showed that most positive contributions relate to the reduction of avoidable mortality (about 70%). Observed by gender, the reduction in avoidable mortality rates is higher in men, especially in middle-aged people, where gains in LE are over 80%. In women, the share of avoidable mortality by age in changes in LE is usually around 70%. Avoidable mortality rates in Serbia remain relatively high compared to the rest of Europe, but there is a positive shift. The fact that the probability of avoidable mortality in the male population at birth in Serbia is about 30% (18% for women) shows that there is much room for improvement. With the hypothetical elimination of avoidable mortality, the increase in LE in men could be 6.3 years, and in women 3.9. Amenable and preventable mortality rates are always higher in the male population, but the reduction in standardised values is more intense in men in Serbia. Standardised preventable mortality rates have been declining faster than standardised amenable mortality rates in Serbia. Since the male population is significantly more burdened with preventable causes of death, the possibility of reduction is higher. Diseases and conditions that can be amenable by adequate healthcare showed a steady decrease in mortality rates by sex in the observed period, while the main difference observed in avoidable mortality is the result of a greater shift in preventable mortality in men. The most significant positive trend in the reduction of avoidable mortality is in cardiovascular diseases and violent deaths. At the beginning of the observed period, cardiovascular diseases had a higher share than cancer, but 10 years later the situation changed, and cancer became the most significant cause of avoidable mortality in Serbia, with an increasing trend. Malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs is the most common disease that can be avoided, while ischemic heart disease is in second place. Data from the 10-year period (2010 to 2019) show that respiratory diseases, infectious and contagious diseases, and addiction have a clear growth trend, as does cancer. The most significant positive trend in the reduction of avoidable mortality is in cardiovascular diseases and violent death. Diseases that can be treat
{"title":"The effect of avoidable mortality on life expectancy in Serbia, 2010-2019","authors":"I. Marinković","doi":"10.2298/stnv220403001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv220403001m","url":null,"abstract":"Avoidable mortality is defined as death that could have been avoided by adequate and timely healthcare and public health and prevention measures. The method measures the efficiency of the health system by quantifying premature deaths (0-74) from certain causes. The analysis of avoidable mortality in Serbia, including both amenable and preventable mortality, covers the period from 2010 to 2019. The results for Serbia have shown that the contribution of specific mortality rates by age is mostly positive and that in the second decade of the 21st century, we can see a trend of increasing life expectancy (LE). The decomposition of life expectancy by age groups, sex, and cause of death showed that most positive contributions relate to the reduction of avoidable mortality (about 70%). Observed by gender, the reduction in avoidable mortality rates is higher in men, especially in middle-aged people, where gains in LE are over 80%. In women, the share of avoidable mortality by age in changes in LE is usually around 70%. Avoidable mortality rates in Serbia remain relatively high compared to the rest of Europe, but there is a positive shift. The fact that the probability of avoidable mortality in the male population at birth in Serbia is about 30% (18% for women) shows that there is much room for improvement. With the hypothetical elimination of avoidable mortality, the increase in LE in men could be 6.3 years, and in women 3.9. Amenable and preventable mortality rates are always higher in the male population, but the reduction in standardised values is more intense in men in Serbia. Standardised preventable mortality rates have been declining faster than standardised amenable mortality rates in Serbia. Since the male population is significantly more burdened with preventable causes of death, the possibility of reduction is higher. Diseases and conditions that can be amenable by adequate healthcare showed a steady decrease in mortality rates by sex in the observed period, while the main difference observed in avoidable mortality is the result of a greater shift in preventable mortality in men. The most significant positive trend in the reduction of avoidable mortality is in cardiovascular diseases and violent deaths. At the beginning of the observed period, cardiovascular diseases had a higher share than cancer, but 10 years later the situation changed, and cancer became the most significant cause of avoidable mortality in Serbia, with an increasing trend. Malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs is the most common disease that can be avoided, while ischemic heart disease is in second place. Data from the 10-year period (2010 to 2019) show that respiratory diseases, infectious and contagious diseases, and addiction have a clear growth trend, as does cancer. The most significant positive trend in the reduction of avoidable mortality is in cardiovascular diseases and violent death. Diseases that can be treat","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73214048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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