The purpose of our study was an analysis of reception centre residents? attitudes in the Republic of Serbia toward the state and the local population. Using a questionnaire, we tried to identify the differences in respondents? attitudes toward their new environment depending on their various socio-demographic characteristics. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2019 on a sample of 173 residents of centres using the PAPI method, face-to-face, and voluntary response sampling. The data obtained are the result of descriptive and inferential analysis and were processed by the SPSS statistical data processing program. Our statistical analysis showed that attitudes of reception centre residents toward their new environment may not correlate strongly with their mother tongue, knowledge of foreign languages, marital status, number of family members, number of minor children in the family, work status, or religion. Instead, it is more likely to depend on their level of education, age, nationality, and gender. Such results show us where we need to improve inter-action, especially among women, young people, and people with a low level of education. We can also suggest that, under favourable conditions, these three categories of reception centre residents will be the first to leave the Republic of Serbia, which they probably see exclusively as a transit country. At the same time, older people and people with a high level of education (most likely men) are more likely to integrate into their new environment in the Republic of Serbia. The more interaction they have with local people and institutions and the higher the quality of that interaction, the more likely they are to integrate.
{"title":"Eventual integration or delayed transit: Interaction of residents in reception centres with their new environment in Serbia","authors":"N. Vukcevic","doi":"10.2298/stnv191017003v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv191017003v","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our study was an analysis of reception centre residents? attitudes in the Republic of Serbia toward the state and the local population. Using a questionnaire, we tried to identify the differences in respondents? attitudes toward their new environment depending on their various socio-demographic characteristics. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2019 on a sample of 173 residents of centres using the PAPI method, face-to-face, and voluntary response sampling. The data obtained are the result of descriptive and inferential analysis and were processed by the SPSS statistical data processing program. Our statistical analysis showed that attitudes of reception centre residents toward their new environment may not correlate strongly with their mother tongue, knowledge of foreign languages, marital status, number of family members, number of minor children in the family, work status, or religion. Instead, it is more likely to depend on their level of education, age, nationality, and gender. Such results show us where we need to improve inter-action, especially among women, young people, and people with a low level of education. We can also suggest that, under favourable conditions, these three categories of reception centre residents will be the first to leave the Republic of Serbia, which they probably see exclusively as a transit country. At the same time, older people and people with a high level of education (most likely men) are more likely to integrate into their new environment in the Republic of Serbia. The more interaction they have with local people and institutions and the higher the quality of that interaction, the more likely they are to integrate.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89503910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiences of discrimination in the academic world discourage women from taking part in contests to occupy higher academic positions. People tend to evaluate academic management based on what they consider to be normal behaviour for both women and men. Because of this, women are often perceived as less appropriately equipped to occupy an academic managerial position than men, especially in fields (such as the academic field) where male stereotypes are regarded as more efficient. This research was intended to evaluate the organisational culture and environment within the largest university centres in Ia?i (Romania) in relation to the accomplishment and execution of academic and scientific tasks by academic staff, as well as measuring their personal and professional satisfaction. We used a qualitative method (the ?life story? interview), as we wanted to identify certain events and de-fining traits of women in academia by focusing on their subjective experiences. For this purpose, we took into account the following three indicators: professional motivation and satisfaction, balancing personal and professional life, and success and failure in the academic world. Focusing on the obstacles women meet in their attempt to reach scientific/academic management positions, we have noticed that one of the major difficulties women in the academic world are confronted with when becoming academic managers is creating a balance between family life and their career. The inter-viewed women are not willing to give up domestic tasks for the benefit of professional tasks, as they are part of the traditional family model. On the other hand, this study shows that these women do not lack motivation to take up a managerial position, but that the norms promoted in the academic environment disadvantage women, despite the fact that the interviewees consider these formal norms to be gender-neutral.
{"title":"Organisational culture in Romania: The fine line between success and failure for women in academia","authors":"George Ichim Marian","doi":"10.2298/stnv200218006i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv200218006i","url":null,"abstract":"Experiences of discrimination in the academic world discourage women from taking part in contests to occupy higher academic positions. People tend to evaluate academic management based on what they consider to be normal behaviour for both women and men. Because of this, women are often perceived as less appropriately equipped to occupy an academic managerial position than men, especially in fields (such as the academic field) where male stereotypes are regarded as more efficient. This research was intended to evaluate the organisational culture and environment within the largest university centres in Ia?i (Romania) in relation to the accomplishment and execution of academic and scientific tasks by academic staff, as well as measuring their personal and professional satisfaction. We used a qualitative method (the ?life story? interview), as we wanted to identify certain events and de-fining traits of women in academia by focusing on their subjective experiences. For this purpose, we took into account the following three indicators: professional motivation and satisfaction, balancing personal and professional life, and success and failure in the academic world. Focusing on the obstacles women meet in their attempt to reach scientific/academic management positions, we have noticed that one of the major difficulties women in the academic world are confronted with when becoming academic managers is creating a balance between family life and their career. The inter-viewed women are not willing to give up domestic tasks for the benefit of professional tasks, as they are part of the traditional family model. On the other hand, this study shows that these women do not lack motivation to take up a managerial position, but that the norms promoted in the academic environment disadvantage women, despite the fact that the interviewees consider these formal norms to be gender-neutral.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"55 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83333985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International organisations whose bodies monitor the realisation and protection of the rights of national and ethnic minorities (Council of Europe, United Nations) have expressed their concern about the lack of data in the Republic of Serbia?s reports on the protection of the rights of national minorities, and they have provided some recommendations in order to amend the situation. Prompted by these remarks, this paper considers the flaws in Serbia?s policy of multiculturalism. The main finding ? that Serbia?s policy of multiculturalism is not founded on verified and measurable data ? has been examined further by indicating the principles and methodologies of collecting data based on ethnic and national identity. By using a range of examples, the paper points to the social issues that occur due to neglect in collecting data on citizens? ethnicity, while the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to collecting such data is also considered. A holistic approach to researching ethnicity assumes using not only demographic methods, but also methods from and knowledge of other social sciences and humanities. The United Nations supports the idea that the approach to ethnically sensitive data should be holistically founded with its position that all data regarding people?s identity must be based on human rights ? a Human Rights-Based Approach to Data (HRBAD), in which case the relevance of statistical data is promoted.
{"title":"The lack of ethnically sensitive data in Serbia's multiculturalism policy","authors":"Goran Bašić, Zoran Lutovac","doi":"10.2298/stnv200420004b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv200420004b","url":null,"abstract":"International organisations whose bodies monitor the realisation and protection of the rights of national and ethnic minorities (Council of Europe, United Nations) have expressed their concern about the lack of data in the Republic of Serbia?s reports on the protection of the rights of national minorities, and they have provided some recommendations in order to amend the situation. Prompted by these remarks, this paper considers the flaws in Serbia?s policy of multiculturalism. The main finding ? that Serbia?s policy of multiculturalism is not founded on verified and measurable data ? has been examined further by indicating the principles and methodologies of collecting data based on ethnic and national identity. By using a range of examples, the paper points to the social issues that occur due to neglect in collecting data on citizens? ethnicity, while the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to collecting such data is also considered. A holistic approach to researching ethnicity assumes using not only demographic methods, but also methods from and knowledge of other social sciences and humanities. The United Nations supports the idea that the approach to ethnically sensitive data should be holistically founded with its position that all data regarding people?s identity must be based on human rights ? a Human Rights-Based Approach to Data (HRBAD), in which case the relevance of statistical data is promoted.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89671325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses intergenerational solidarity in care from the perspective of women, focusing on mothers as the main providers. It has been carried out in the context of very low fertility, negative population change, and advanced ageing in Serbia, amid conditions of strong familism. Two types of care were analysed: care of children and of elderly parents. Qualitative research was carried out in two towns and their outskirts: Belgrade and Kraljevo. The main method was a case study based on interviews and observation. The first aim was to shed light on the informal support mothers/parents receive around children: who helps them, what help they receive, and why they receive help. The results supported the authors? initial expectations that mothers/parents rely heavily on grandparents, primarily grandmothers. The help grand-parents provide is reported to be daily, extensive, and exhaustive. Mothers, how-ever, deem that it contributes to happy and healthy ageing. Although caring for elderly people is still not widespread among respondents, they nevertheless presented their views on the issue. Again, in line with initial assumptions, care of elderly people was shown to be an indispensable part of family life. The empirical results reflect that the main explanation stems from strong solidarity based on kinship, which thus moulds both attitudes and behaviour. Elderly parents will be taken care of by their children, and this is considered natural, self-understandable, and an expression of vast gratitude. Putting elderly people into institutional care (nursing homes) is a rare choice that is only made when they cannot live on their own and take care of themselves, or if there are many elderly kin who need support.
{"title":"Intergenerational solidarity in care: A case study in Serbia","authors":"M. Bobić, Milica Veskovic-Andjelkovic","doi":"10.2298/stnv2002001b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv2002001b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses intergenerational solidarity in care from the perspective of women, focusing on mothers as the main providers. It has been carried out in the context of very low fertility, negative population change, and advanced ageing in Serbia, amid conditions of strong familism. Two types of care were analysed: care of children and of elderly parents. Qualitative research was carried out in two towns and their outskirts: Belgrade and Kraljevo. The main method was a case study based on interviews and observation. The first aim was to shed light on the informal support mothers/parents receive around children: who helps them, what help they receive, and why they receive help. The results supported the authors? initial expectations that mothers/parents rely heavily on grandparents, primarily grandmothers. The help grand-parents provide is reported to be daily, extensive, and exhaustive. Mothers, how-ever, deem that it contributes to happy and healthy ageing. Although caring for elderly people is still not widespread among respondents, they nevertheless presented their views on the issue. Again, in line with initial assumptions, care of elderly people was shown to be an indispensable part of family life. The empirical results reflect that the main explanation stems from strong solidarity based on kinship, which thus moulds both attitudes and behaviour. Elderly parents will be taken care of by their children, and this is considered natural, self-understandable, and an expression of vast gratitude. Putting elderly people into institutional care (nursing homes) is a rare choice that is only made when they cannot live on their own and take care of themselves, or if there are many elderly kin who need support.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91250287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Jovičić-Vuković, Ivana Jošanov-Vrgović, S. Jovin, N. Papić-Blagojević
This paper aims to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions of tourism students, who represent a significant base of future entrepreneurs and are the drivers of innovations and competitiveness in the travel and tourism industry, which is an important part of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The study examined whether there are differences in students? entrepreneurial intentions depending on socio-demographic characteristics: gender, place of residence, years of study, and previous work experience, as well as their parents? education and type of employment. The survey was conducted in four higher vocational schools in Serbia on a sample of 330 students of tourism and hospitality management using the Entrepreneurial Intention Scale. The results showed that students had medium intention to start and run their own business and indicate that - among the selected socio-demographic factors - gender, years of study, and prior work experience play an important role in fostering entrepreneurial intentions. Understanding the factors that impact entrepreneurship may contribute to the development of theory in this field, as well as helping paint a clearer picture of how entrepreneurial intentions are formed as a starting point in business.
{"title":"Socio-demographic characteristics and students’ entrepreneurial intentions","authors":"Ana Jovičić-Vuković, Ivana Jošanov-Vrgović, S. Jovin, N. Papić-Blagojević","doi":"10.2298/stnv200423007j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv200423007j","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions of tourism students, who represent a significant base of future entrepreneurs and are the drivers of innovations and competitiveness in the travel and tourism industry, which is an important part of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The study examined whether there are differences in students? entrepreneurial intentions depending on socio-demographic characteristics: gender, place of residence, years of study, and previous work experience, as well as their parents? education and type of employment. The survey was conducted in four higher vocational schools in Serbia on a sample of 330 students of tourism and hospitality management using the Entrepreneurial Intention Scale. The results showed that students had medium intention to start and run their own business and indicate that - among the selected socio-demographic factors - gender, years of study, and prior work experience play an important role in fostering entrepreneurial intentions. Understanding the factors that impact entrepreneurship may contribute to the development of theory in this field, as well as helping paint a clearer picture of how entrepreneurial intentions are formed as a starting point in business.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76415013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beginning of the 21st century in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth referred to as ?the Federation?) has been characterised by a decrease in the primary-school-age population. As such, the main objective of this work is to define and explain the factors that have influenced the decrease in the primary-school-age population in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research methodology applied in this work is oriented towards defining the degree of influence of demographic factors on the development of the primary-school-age population in the Federation. By using statistical methods and GIS analysis of statistical data, negative demographic trends were confirmed in the Federation at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. These trends included intensive migration, a decrease in the total number of inhabitants, a decrease in the birth rate, an increased mortality rate, a decreased rate of natural population change, and the ageing of the population. Due to adverse economic, social, political, and other circumstances after 1995, population emigration has been intensified, most noticeably within the population aged between 20 and 40. The most important result of the research is the fact that the decrease in the natural population dynamics and intensive emigration are the most significant factors influencing the decrease in the primary-school-age population in the Federation. Such negative demographic trends influence the primary education system adversely. In the future, it will be necessary to plan and implement a population-revitalisation process as part of the federation?s overall population policy.
{"title":"Primary-school-age population change in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The effects of demographic factors","authors":"Alma Kadušić, N. Smajic","doi":"10.2298/stnv1902049k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv1902049k","url":null,"abstract":"The beginning of the 21st century in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth referred to as ?the Federation?) has been characterised by a decrease in the primary-school-age population. As such, the main objective of this work is to define and explain the factors that have influenced the decrease in the primary-school-age population in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research methodology applied in this work is oriented towards defining the degree of influence of demographic factors on the development of the primary-school-age population in the Federation. By using statistical methods and GIS analysis of statistical data, negative demographic trends were confirmed in the Federation at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. These trends included intensive migration, a decrease in the total number of inhabitants, a decrease in the birth rate, an increased mortality rate, a decreased rate of natural population change, and the ageing of the population. Due to adverse economic, social, political, and other circumstances after 1995, population emigration has been intensified, most noticeably within the population aged between 20 and 40. The most important result of the research is the fact that the decrease in the natural population dynamics and intensive emigration are the most significant factors influencing the decrease in the primary-school-age population in the Federation. Such negative demographic trends influence the primary education system adversely. In the future, it will be necessary to plan and implement a population-revitalisation process as part of the federation?s overall population policy.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74445961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Lukic-Tanovic, D. Marinković, Aleksandar Majić
{"title":"Population changes in the City of East Sarajevo in the intercensal period from 1991 to 2013","authors":"Mariana Lukic-Tanovic, D. Marinković, Aleksandar Majić","doi":"10.2298/STNV190206001L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/STNV190206001L","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to demonstrate the role played by newly arriving Muslims in the life of the local Islamic community in the Perm Krai of Russia. This region is characterised by the following important features: the Perm Krai is a permanent Islamic community consisting of local ethnic groups, as well as an Islamic diaspora consisting of various newcomers. There are three kinds of migrants here: labour migrants, students, and those who intend to apply for citizenship. Permanent conflict takes place between the two Muslim communities that occupy this territory. In this case, migrants are accused of attempting to seize power within the local Islamic community. In this paper, the author intends to explore whether there are genuine causes and foundations for local religious conflicts, whether migrants could take over local Islamic communities, and whether they could change the religious habits of the locals and the status of the Islamic community in the region. The research is based on two series of semistructured interviews with Islamic leaders, observing participants during official events, and expert interviews. The author examines three indicators of the migrants’ growing influence. First, migrant believers prevail during religious services in all mosques within the Kama River region. The second indicator is participation in Islamic social events and projects. The third is the migrants’ attempts to establish a special organisation to communicate with the authorities. Today, the migrants play no critical role in the Perm Ummah.
{"title":"Migrants and conflicts within the local Ummah of the Perm Krai: A playing card or a social actor?","authors":"S. Riazanova","doi":"10.2298/stnv1901097r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv1901097r","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to demonstrate the role played by newly arriving Muslims in the life of the local Islamic community in the Perm Krai of Russia. This region is characterised by the following important features: the Perm Krai is a permanent Islamic community consisting of local ethnic groups, as well as an Islamic diaspora consisting of various newcomers. There are three kinds of migrants here: labour migrants, students, and those who intend to apply for citizenship. Permanent conflict takes place between the two Muslim communities that occupy this territory. In this case, migrants are accused of attempting to seize power within the local Islamic community. In this paper, the author intends to explore whether there are genuine causes and foundations for local religious conflicts, whether migrants could take over local Islamic communities, and whether they could change the religious habits of the locals and the status of the Islamic community in the region. The research is based on two series of semistructured interviews with Islamic leaders, observing participants during official events, and expert interviews. The author examines three indicators of the migrants’ growing influence. First, migrant believers prevail during religious services in all mosques within the Kama River region. The second indicator is participation in Islamic social events and projects. The third is the migrants’ attempts to establish a special organisation to communicate with the authorities. Today, the migrants play no critical role in the Perm Ummah.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79781577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ageing of the population is a contemporary phenomenon, but its foundations were laid decades ago. Changing age structures and the consequent demographic ageing has only recently become the subject of theoretical (re)consideration, since the theory of demographic transition only values fertility and mortality trajectories. The emergence of ?new? demography takes into account the momentum created by the previous trends in population dynamics and explains the future rejuvenation or ageing of the population. The importance of inherited age structure can be illustrated using an approach that represents distorted cohort flows, showing that baby booms and baby busts can play a crucial role in the future ageing of the population. While in the past it was fertility that predominantly affected age structure, recent research has revealed that changes in life expectancy are becoming a more prominent factor in shaping expected population ageing trends. The general theory of population ageing would have to consider the possible compression of morbidity, dynamic equilibrium, or the expansion of morbidity, since the future course of (healthy) life expectancy is determining the scope of the old and fragile population. The status of theory in demography has long been problematic, since the ?grandiose? theory of demographic transition had to be reevaluated. Modern approaches apply more flexible theoretical frameworks to explain contemporary demographic changes and provide a conceptual background. As such, the important paradigm for the demography of ageing should be the prospective paradigm, which uses information about the longevity of the population and transposes it to population ageing research. The theory of population metabolism seems to adequately define why population ageing is important for cohorts and generation change, especially in cases where distorted cohort flows create prominent cohort oscillation. The need to create adequate policies for changing age composition morphology is highlighted in the domain of institutional adaptation, where the concept of population balance can provide the appropriate framework. Also, as life events tend to take place more often at certain points in the life cycle - for example during adulthood and entering old age - the idea of population densities should be further explored.
{"title":"Theoretical and conceptual framework for population ageing research","authors":"Jelena Stojilković-Gnjatović","doi":"10.2298/stnv1902013s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/stnv1902013s","url":null,"abstract":"The ageing of the population is a contemporary phenomenon, but its foundations were laid decades ago. Changing age structures and the consequent demographic ageing has only recently become the subject of theoretical (re)consideration, since the theory of demographic transition only values fertility and mortality trajectories. The emergence of ?new? demography takes into account the momentum created by the previous trends in population dynamics and explains the future rejuvenation or ageing of the population. The importance of inherited age structure can be illustrated using an approach that represents distorted cohort flows, showing that baby booms and baby busts can play a crucial role in the future ageing of the population. While in the past it was fertility that predominantly affected age structure, recent research has revealed that changes in life expectancy are becoming a more prominent factor in shaping expected population ageing trends. The general theory of population ageing would have to consider the possible compression of morbidity, dynamic equilibrium, or the expansion of morbidity, since the future course of (healthy) life expectancy is determining the scope of the old and fragile population. The status of theory in demography has long been problematic, since the ?grandiose? theory of demographic transition had to be reevaluated. Modern approaches apply more flexible theoretical frameworks to explain contemporary demographic changes and provide a conceptual background. As such, the important paradigm for the demography of ageing should be the prospective paradigm, which uses information about the longevity of the population and transposes it to population ageing research. The theory of population metabolism seems to adequately define why population ageing is important for cohorts and generation change, especially in cases where distorted cohort flows create prominent cohort oscillation. The need to create adequate policies for changing age composition morphology is highlighted in the domain of institutional adaptation, where the concept of population balance can provide the appropriate framework. Also, as life events tend to take place more often at certain points in the life cycle - for example during adulthood and entering old age - the idea of population densities should be further explored.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84120568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present a longitudinal research study examining ethnic distance in Montenegro. The research is based on measuring ethnic distance at two points in time: in 2013 and 2018. This research was carried out using the nine-level Bogardus social distance scale. There are some important notions considering the significance of measuring ethnic distance in Montenegro. First, this is a multi-ethnic country where Montenegrins, as the main ethnic group, have a relatively small majority. Second, this was the last country to leave former Yugoslavia, gaining independence in 2006. Third, the main political and social cleavage in this society is based on ethnicity. Fourth, there has been no change in the ruling elite of Montenegro since the beginning of the transition from socialism to liberal democracy. The main hypothetical argument regarding the expected changes in inter-ethnic distancing is, therefore, political. During the process of gaining independence, there was an informal alliance among Montenegrins and non-Serbian minorities, since Serbs as an ethnic group wanted Montenegro to remain in a com-mon state with Serbia. This caused clear and pronounced political division in Montenegrin society. Of course, this kind of social cleavage has historical precedents in the Balkans. Prior to the independence issue, which was raised in the late 1990s, Montenegrins and Serbs, as the combined ethnic majority, were in favour of Serbia and Montenegro remaining united. However, after gaining independence, Serbs, who had been a majority in their own country, suddenly become a minority in Montenegro. Since almost any politics in the Balkans is ethno-politics, we examined inter-ethnic distance across two reference periods in order to identify the trends in inter-ethnic distancing. The results showed that the overall inter-ethnic distance in Montenegro increased during that five-year period. We argue that the temporary alliance between Montenegrins and non-Serbian minorities resulted in good inter-ethnic relations among these groups, while they were striving to achieve a common political goal. However, after independence was achieved, it was to be expected that inter-ethnic relations would deteriorate. We provide evidence to support this thesis. The results of our research show that overall inter-ethnic distance increased in the five-year period surveyed. In particular, we saw a dramatic increase in the ethnic distancing of Albanians away from all other groups. In addition, ethnic Bosnians are distancing themselves from Montenegrins and Serbs more so than they were in 2013. On the other hand, we found that there was no change in ethnic distancing be-tween Montenegrins and Serbs. Additionally, item analysis showed that the distance between Montenegrins and Serbs is very small, and is not in fact an issue of ethnicity, but rather one of politics. This was evidenced by the fact that the only sensitive issue between Serbs and Montenegrins was for a member of the
{"title":"Ethnic distance in Montenegro 10 years after gaining independence","authors":"Miloš Bešić","doi":"10.2298/STNV190226002B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/STNV190226002B","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a longitudinal research study examining ethnic distance in Montenegro. The research is based on measuring ethnic distance at two points in time: in 2013 and 2018. This research was carried out using the nine-level Bogardus social distance scale. There are some important notions considering the significance of measuring ethnic distance in Montenegro. First, this is a multi-ethnic country where Montenegrins, as the main ethnic group, have a relatively small majority. Second, this was the last country to leave former Yugoslavia, gaining independence in 2006. Third, the main political and social cleavage in this society is based on ethnicity. Fourth, there has been no change in the ruling elite of Montenegro since the beginning of the transition from socialism to liberal democracy. The main hypothetical argument regarding the expected changes in inter-ethnic distancing is, therefore, political. During the process of gaining independence, there was an informal alliance among Montenegrins and non-Serbian minorities, since Serbs as an ethnic group wanted Montenegro to remain in a com-mon state with Serbia. This caused clear and pronounced political division in Montenegrin society. Of course, this kind of social cleavage has historical precedents in the Balkans. Prior to the independence issue, which was raised in the late 1990s, Montenegrins and Serbs, as the combined ethnic majority, were in favour of Serbia and Montenegro remaining united. However, after gaining independence, Serbs, who had been a majority in their own country, suddenly become a minority in Montenegro. Since almost any politics in the Balkans is ethno-politics, we examined inter-ethnic distance across two reference periods in order to identify the trends in inter-ethnic distancing. The results showed that the overall inter-ethnic distance in Montenegro increased during that five-year period. We argue that the temporary alliance between Montenegrins and non-Serbian minorities resulted in good inter-ethnic relations among these groups, while they were striving to achieve a common political goal. However, after independence was achieved, it was to be expected that inter-ethnic relations would deteriorate. We provide evidence to support this thesis. The results of our research show that overall inter-ethnic distance increased in the five-year period surveyed. In particular, we saw a dramatic increase in the ethnic distancing of Albanians away from all other groups. In addition, ethnic Bosnians are distancing themselves from Montenegrins and Serbs more so than they were in 2013. On the other hand, we found that there was no change in ethnic distancing be-tween Montenegrins and Serbs. Additionally, item analysis showed that the distance between Montenegrins and Serbs is very small, and is not in fact an issue of ethnicity, but rather one of politics. This was evidenced by the fact that the only sensitive issue between Serbs and Montenegrins was for a member of the ","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88645304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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