Temporary Agency Work (TAW) is a unique employment model involving a three-way relationship between a posted worker, an employment agency, and a client organization, enabling clients to adjust their labour force in response to fluctuating demands, but also raising concerns about job precariousness. Achieving a balance between flexibility and employment and social security is crucial for integrating TAW effectively into the labour market.TAW arrangements within the labour markets of the EU are confronted by specific contemporary dynamics, including fluctuations and seasonality of labour demands, labour scarcity in some professions and labour migration. Building on a case study of the TAW legislation development in Slovenia, this study aimed to elucidate the repercussions of these challenges on the regulatory landscape of TAW, potentially illuminating the prospective evolution of labour law standards throughout the EU.Despite the inherent limitations of case studies, the findings suggest that a detailed legal framework providing strong rights for posted workers and controlled flexibility for clients can be operational in addressing particular labour market challenges. TAW has the potential for further growth, particularly in supporting groups with limited labour market access and in filling professional gaps, by facilitating the integration of foreign workers.
临时代理工作（TAW）是一种独特的就业模式，涉及派驻工人、职业介绍所和客户组织之间的三方关系，使客户能够调整其劳动力以应对波动的需求，但也引发了对工作不稳定性的担忧。在灵活性与就业和社会保障之间实现平衡，是将 TAW 有效纳入劳动力市场的关键。欧盟劳动力市场中的 TAW 安排面临着特定的当代动态，包括劳动力需求的波动和季节性、某些职业的劳动力稀缺性以及劳动力迁移。尽管案例研究存在固有的局限性，但研究结果表明，为派驻工人提供强有力权利并为客户提供可控灵活性的详细法律框架在应对特定劳动力市场挑战方面具有可操作性。外派劳务有进一步发展的潜力，特别是在支持劳动力市场准入有限的群体和填补专业空白方面，促进外籍工人的融入。
{"title":"Regulation of temporary agency work and the modern labor market: a case study of Slovenia","authors":"Katarina Krapež","doi":"10.59954/stnv.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.599","url":null,"abstract":"Temporary Agency Work (TAW) is a unique employment model involving a three-way relationship between a posted worker, an employment agency, and a client organization, enabling clients to adjust their labour force in response to fluctuating demands, but also raising concerns about job precariousness. Achieving a balance between flexibility and employment and social security is crucial for integrating TAW effectively into the labour market.TAW arrangements within the labour markets of the EU are confronted by specific contemporary dynamics, including fluctuations and seasonality of labour demands, labour scarcity in some professions and labour migration. Building on a case study of the TAW legislation development in Slovenia, this study aimed to elucidate the repercussions of these challenges on the regulatory landscape of TAW, potentially illuminating the prospective evolution of labour law standards throughout the EU.Despite the inherent limitations of case studies, the findings suggest that a detailed legal framework providing strong rights for posted workers and controlled flexibility for clients can be operational in addressing particular labour market challenges. TAW has the potential for further growth, particularly in supporting groups with limited labour market access and in filling professional gaps, by facilitating the integration of foreign workers.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persons with disabilities often face barriers that hinder their ability to access information effectively. This study presents results of a survey which was conducted in the second half of 2022, on the topic of the accessibility of information for persons with disabilities in Serbia, as well as their means of communication. A convenience sample of 111 individuals with physical and/or sensory disabilities, with basic digital literacy, aged 18 to 59, was surveyed through the mediation of associations of persons with disabilities. The findings reveal the usage patterns, preferences, and challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in accessing information. It has been found that the internet (99.10%), social networks (91.89%), and specialized platforms (79.28%) are prominent sources of information. Although specialized applications for communication and telephone communication are widely used, personal contact communication (96.40% very often or often) is still the prevalent method of communication. Public institutions and state authorities are perceived as inadequately adapted to the needs of individuals with disabilities. The findings underscore the need for continued efforts to improve accessibility infrastructure and implement inclusive design principles to bridge the information gap for individuals with disabilities in Serbia.
{"title":"Is there communication? Access to information by persons with disabilities in Serbia","authors":"Dejan Masliković, Bojan M. Tomić","doi":"10.59954/stnv.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.563","url":null,"abstract":"Persons with disabilities often face barriers that hinder their ability to access information effectively. This study presents results of a survey which was conducted in the second half of 2022, on the topic of the accessibility of information for persons with disabilities in Serbia, as well as their means of communication. A convenience sample of 111 individuals with physical and/or sensory disabilities, with basic digital literacy, aged 18 to 59, was surveyed through the mediation of associations of persons with disabilities. The findings reveal the usage patterns, preferences, and challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in accessing information. It has been found that the internet (99.10%), social networks (91.89%), and specialized platforms (79.28%) are prominent sources of information. Although specialized applications for communication and telephone communication are widely used, personal contact communication (96.40% very often or often) is still the prevalent method of communication. Public institutions and state authorities are perceived as inadequately adapted to the needs of individuals with disabilities. The findings underscore the need for continued efforts to improve accessibility infrastructure and implement inclusive design principles to bridge the information gap for individuals with disabilities in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating advanced technologies for enhanced demographic research and urban planning","authors":"Ivan Potić","doi":"10.59954/stnv.628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the characteristics of the labor market in Croatia, the changes in the demographic potential of the working-age population, and the structural determinants of the labor system. The movement of the number of able-bodied, active and inactive population from 2013 until today, points to a trend of decreasing the able-bodied contingent, economic activity and unemployment of the population, and an increase in employment. The analysis showed that the structural problems on the labor market in Croatia are an insufficiency of educational staff, structural unemployment, youth unemployment, and the mismatch between the supply and demand of jobs. Such characteristics of the work system influenced the movement of the determinants of external migration in Croatia, especially after 2013. Simultaneously with the strengthening of emigration, the number of immigrated persons also increases, so that from 2013 to 2022, their number amounted to about 195 thousand of mostly foreign citizens. We can establish that we are talking about free economic migrations and an increased inflow of labor, mostly unskilled workers, which makes up for the lack of domicile workforce.Structural-selective unemployment in Croatia can be analyzed on a general level according to age groups and according to education, and on a specific level, through indicators of the skills mismatch on the labor market. The total unemployment rate in Croatia has experienced a significant decline since 2013, and current unemployment is the lowest in the youngest working age, and the highest in the age over 40. Compared to 2013, the share of unemployed persons with primary and lower secondary education in Croatia is continuously decreasing, the share of unemployed persons with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education levels is slightly falling (with frequent oscillations), while the share of unemployed persons with tertiary education is increasing. Problems on the labor market in Croatia have been noticeable after the global economic crisis of 2008 and its high unemployment, and in the last ten years also in the areas with a low level of economic activity of the population and a lack of domestic labor for the functionality of certain sectors of activity.On the other hand, the structure of the emigrant contingent, in which the young and able-bodied population predominates, points to the outflow of labor force of medium and high qualification levels. The review of research on recent emigration confirms the complex conditionality of leaving Croatia, and among the main factors a group of economic ones arising from the macroeconomic situation and structural deficiencies in the labor market stands out. In addition to economic factors, other types of factors are strengthening, which is why the continuation of the emigration of the Croatian population and the immigration of the foreign population are likely to be expected. The isolated and presented indicators and trends point to
{"title":"Characteristics of the labor market in Croatia and contemporary external migration","authors":"Monika Komušanac","doi":"10.59954/stnv.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.533","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the characteristics of the labor market in Croatia, the changes in the demographic potential of the working-age population, and the structural determinants of the labor system. The movement of the number of able-bodied, active and inactive population from 2013 until today, points to a trend of decreasing the able-bodied contingent, economic activity and unemployment of the population, and an increase in employment. The analysis showed that the structural problems on the labor market in Croatia are an insufficiency of educational staff, structural unemployment, youth unemployment, and the mismatch between the supply and demand of jobs. Such characteristics of the work system influenced the movement of the determinants of external migration in Croatia, especially after 2013. Simultaneously with the strengthening of emigration, the number of immigrated persons also increases, so that from 2013 to 2022, their number amounted to about 195 thousand of mostly foreign citizens. We can establish that we are talking about free economic migrations and an increased inflow of labor, mostly unskilled workers, which makes up for the lack of domicile workforce.Structural-selective unemployment in Croatia can be analyzed on a general level according to age groups and according to education, and on a specific level, through indicators of the skills mismatch on the labor market. The total unemployment rate in Croatia has experienced a significant decline since 2013, and current unemployment is the lowest in the youngest working age, and the highest in the age over 40. Compared to 2013, the share of unemployed persons with primary and lower secondary education in Croatia is continuously decreasing, the share of unemployed persons with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education levels is slightly falling (with frequent oscillations), while the share of unemployed persons with tertiary education is increasing. Problems on the labor market in Croatia have been noticeable after the global economic crisis of 2008 and its high unemployment, and in the last ten years also in the areas with a low level of economic activity of the population and a lack of domestic labor for the functionality of certain sectors of activity.On the other hand, the structure of the emigrant contingent, in which the young and able-bodied population predominates, points to the outflow of labor force of medium and high qualification levels. The review of research on recent emigration confirms the complex conditionality of leaving Croatia, and among the main factors a group of economic ones arising from the macroeconomic situation and structural deficiencies in the labor market stands out. In addition to economic factors, other types of factors are strengthening, which is why the continuation of the emigration of the Croatian population and the immigration of the foreign population are likely to be expected. The isolated and presented indicators and trends point to ","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"102 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Migracije su danas jedna od najaktuelnijih tema u svetu. Najčešći razlozi nastanka su ratovi, zatim, to mogu biti klimatske promene, a postoje i migracije nastale iz ekonomskih razloga, i njihov cilj je potraga za boljom materijalnom egzistencijom, ostvarivanje višeg životnog standarda, bolji uslovi zapošljavanja, obrazovanja, a samim tim i bolji uslovi života. Predmet ove analize su ekonomske migracije i savremena migraciona kretanja, tj. useljavanje i iseljavanje stranaca u zemlje Zapadnog Balkana (ZB). Makroekonomski pokazatelji ukazuju na stabilizaciju na tržištu rada u drugoj deceniji XXI veka, mada ekonomije stagniraju. Postavlja se pitanje da li je to posledica veće stope privrednog rasta ili su indukovani depopulacijom i redukcijom radno aktivnog stanovništva? Cilj rada je da se ukaže na neophodnost upravljanja migracionim tokovima u ovim zemljama i potrebe za usmeravanjem migranata na tržištu rada. Rad se sastoji iz dva dela. U prvom delu se daje pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja o migracijama, pojmu i vrstama migracija. Drugi deo rada se sastoji iz empirijske analize migracija u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana i Srbije i njihovom uticaju na tržište rada i privredni razvoj.
移民是当今世界最热门的话题之一。移民的出现最常见的解释是种族，也可能是气候变化，但移民也是经济原因造成的，其目的是寻求更好的物质生活、更高的生活水平、更好的就业、教育和更好的生活条件。本分析的主题是经济移民和当前的移民运动，即人们向西巴尔干国家（WB）的定居和移民。 宏观经济指标表明，在二十一世纪的第二个十年，市场趋于稳定，而经济却停滞不前。这究竟是由于增长率较高，还是由于人口减少和放射性活跃人口的减少所致？理事会的目的是指出这些国家在管理移民潮方面的不足，以及将移民导向市场的必要性。该系列由两部分组成。U prvom delu se daje pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja o migcijcijama, pojmu i vrstama migracija.报告的第二部分包括对西巴尔干国家和塞尔维亚的移民情况及其对劳动力市场和私人发展的影响的实证分析。
{"title":"Uticaj migratornih kretanja na tržište rada u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana","authors":"Marijana Maksimović, I. Nikolić","doi":"10.59954/stnv.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.531","url":null,"abstract":"Migracije su danas jedna od najaktuelnijih tema u svetu. Najčešći razlozi nastanka su ratovi, zatim, to mogu biti klimatske promene, a postoje i migracije nastale iz ekonomskih razloga, i njihov cilj je potraga za boljom materijalnom egzistencijom, ostvarivanje višeg životnog standarda, bolji uslovi zapošljavanja, obrazovanja, a samim tim i bolji uslovi života. Predmet ove analize su ekonomske migracije i savremena migraciona kretanja, tj. useljavanje i iseljavanje stranaca u zemlje Zapadnog Balkana (ZB). Makroekonomski pokazatelji ukazuju na stabilizaciju na tržištu rada u drugoj deceniji XXI veka, mada ekonomije stagniraju. Postavlja se pitanje da li je to posledica veće stope privrednog rasta ili su indukovani depopulacijom i redukcijom radno aktivnog stanovništva? Cilj rada je da se ukaže na neophodnost upravljanja migracionim tokovima u ovim zemljama i potrebe za usmeravanjem migranata na tržištu rada. Rad se sastoji iz dva dela. U prvom delu se daje pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja o migracijama, pojmu i vrstama migracija. Drugi deo rada se sastoji iz empirijske analize migracija u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana i Srbije i njihovom uticaju na tržište rada i privredni razvoj.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi relativan značaj dve grupe faktora koje determinišu stopu neto migracija: ekonomskih, kao što je visina bruto prosečne mesečne zarade i neekonomskih, koji obuhvataju kvalitet institucionalnog uređenja oslonjen prevashodno na indikatore kontrole korupcije i vladavine prava. Prema neoklasičnoj teoriji migracija ekonomski faktori imaju dominantan uticaj na donošenje odluke o migracijama. Institucionalna teorija migracija zagovara stav da institucionalni i upravljački faktori imaju prevagu nad ekonomskim. Na uzorku od 48 evropskih zemalja, za period 1996 – 2021. godine primenom tehnika ekonometrijske analize panel podataka identifikovani su prediktori stope neto migracija u evropskim zemljama. Analiza je potvrdila da je kvalitet institucionalnog okvira od izuzetne važnosti i da su vladavina prava i kontrola korupcije imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u zemljama Evrope od bruto prosečnih mesečnih zarada. Istraživanjem je takođe potvrđeno i to da su institucionalni faktori imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u manje razvijenim evropskim zemljama koje nisu članice Evropske unije nego u 28 zemalja članica. Manje razvijene evropske zemlje moraju posebnu pažnju posvetiti izgradnji institucija, vladavini prava i kontroli korupcije ukoliko žele da zaustave negativne trendove u neto migracijama, te da ovi faktori imaju prevagu u odnosu na ekonomske koji su bili dominantni u XX veku.
研究的目的是确定决定净移民率的两组因素的相对特性：经济因素，如每月总收入的数额；以及决定制度安排质量的非经济因素，这些因素基于控制腐败和法治的指标。Prema neoklasičnoj teorii migracija ekonomski faktori imaju dominantan uticaj na donošenje odluce o migcijama.制度性移民理论将制度和经济因素联系在一起。从 1996 年至 2021 年的 48 个欧洲国家的移民数据中，我们发现了一些重要的数据。分析证实，制度框架的质量至关重要，法治和腐败控制对欧洲国家净移民的影响比月总收入更为显著。分析还证实，与 28 个欧盟成员国相比，体制因素对非欧盟成员国的欧洲欠发达国家的净移民人数影响更大。欧洲欠发达国家需要特别关注机构建设、法治和控制腐败，以阻止净移民的负面趋势，与二十世纪占主导地位的经济因素相比，这些因素具有压倒性的影响。
{"title":"Institucije i dobro upravljanje kao faktor migratornih kretanja u Evropi","authors":"Dejan Molnar, Ivana Ostojić, Predrag Jovanović","doi":"10.59954/stnv.545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.545","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi relativan značaj dve grupe faktora koje determinišu stopu neto migracija: ekonomskih, kao što je visina bruto prosečne mesečne zarade i neekonomskih, koji obuhvataju kvalitet institucionalnog uređenja oslonjen prevashodno na indikatore kontrole korupcije i vladavine prava. Prema neoklasičnoj teoriji migracija ekonomski faktori imaju dominantan uticaj na donošenje odluke o migracijama. Institucionalna teorija migracija zagovara stav da institucionalni i upravljački faktori imaju prevagu nad ekonomskim. Na uzorku od 48 evropskih zemalja, za period 1996 – 2021. godine primenom tehnika ekonometrijske analize panel podataka identifikovani su prediktori stope neto migracija u evropskim zemljama. Analiza je potvrdila da je kvalitet institucionalnog okvira od izuzetne važnosti i da su vladavina prava i kontrola korupcije imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u zemljama Evrope od bruto prosečnih mesečnih zarada. Istraživanjem je takođe potvrđeno i to da su institucionalni faktori imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u manje razvijenim evropskim zemljama koje nisu članice Evropske unije nego u 28 zemalja članica. Manje razvijene evropske zemlje moraju posebnu pažnju posvetiti izgradnji institucija, vladavini prava i kontroli korupcije ukoliko žele da zaustave negativne trendove u neto migracijama, te da ovi faktori imaju prevagu u odnosu na ekonomske koji su bili dominantni u XX veku. ","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ljubica Milosavljevic, Ana Banić Grubišić, Marija Ajduk
Antropološko istraživanje – sprovedeno u periodu od 2020. do 2022. godine – dizajnirano je s ciljem da uputi u najvažnija pitanja koja se odnose na strukturalne preduslove za rad u starosti, ali i na motive trinaest sagovornika za preduzimanje poslovnih aktivnosti nakon penzionisanja. Na ovaj način bilo je moguće odgovoriti i na neka ključna pitanja koja se tiču kvaliteta života u starosti, i to na osnovu procena ljudi koji ga žive, što je u skladu sa antropološkom orijentacijom preduzetog kvalitativnog istraživanja. Rad u starosti bio je tako shvatan ili kao preimućstvo ili kao egzistencijalna nužnost, što je dalje imalo implikacija i na pojedine strategije delovanja pojedinaca. Među njima, kao najznačajnije, izdvajaju se one koje podrazumevaju nastavak rada u okviru ranijih obrazovnih i radnih usmerenja ili pak potpunu promenu delatnosti od one u kojoj su ostvarili pravo na penziju. Na osnovu dobijenih etnografskih podataka bilo je moguće konstatovati i specifičan vid preduzetništva poput srebrnog preduzetništva, pored rada u okviru neformalne ekonomije i/ili prema propisanim zakonskim rešenjima.
{"title":"Rad nakon penzionisanja u Srbiji iz antropološke perspektive","authors":"Ljubica Milosavljevic, Ana Banić Grubišić, Marija Ajduk","doi":"10.59954/stnv.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.519","url":null,"abstract":"Antropološko istraživanje – sprovedeno u periodu od 2020. do 2022. godine – dizajnirano je s ciljem da uputi u najvažnija pitanja koja se odnose na strukturalne preduslove za rad u starosti, ali i na motive trinaest sagovornika za preduzimanje poslovnih aktivnosti nakon penzionisanja. Na ovaj način bilo je moguće odgovoriti i na neka ključna pitanja koja se tiču kvaliteta života u starosti, i to na osnovu procena ljudi koji ga žive, što je u skladu sa antropološkom orijentacijom preduzetog kvalitativnog istraživanja. Rad u starosti bio je tako shvatan ili kao preimućstvo ili kao egzistencijalna nužnost, što je dalje imalo implikacija i na pojedine strategije delovanja pojedinaca. Među njima, kao najznačajnije, izdvajaju se one koje podrazumevaju nastavak rada u okviru ranijih obrazovnih i radnih usmerenja ili pak potpunu promenu delatnosti od one u kojoj su ostvarili pravo na penziju. Na osnovu dobijenih etnografskih podataka bilo je moguće konstatovati i specifičan vid preduzetništva poput srebrnog preduzetništva, pored rada u okviru neformalne ekonomije i/ili prema propisanim zakonskim rešenjima.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"95 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egzodus stručnjaka, poznatiji kao "odliv mozgova", predstavlja masovne migracije visokostručne radne snage koja se iseljava iz nerazvijenih u razvijene zemlje u potrazi za boljim uslovima života i rada. Ova pojava postaje izražena sredinom šezdesetih godina, kada počinje masovno migriranje stručnjaka iz zemalja u razvoju u razvijene zemlje, a taj proces vremenom intenzivira, obubvata sve veći broj zemalja i u njemu učestvuje sve više ljudi. Odliv stručnjaka iz Jugoslavije poslednjih godina poprima dramatične razmere, zajedno sa burnim društvenim previranjima na našem tlu. Uprkos tome, veoma je mali broj autora koji se bavi ovim problemom, pre svega zbog nedostatka elementamih izvora informacija. Proučavanje problematike spoljnih migracija, a naročito migracija radne snage (kako u SFRJ, tako i u SRJ) oduvek se zasnivalo na procenama autoriteta, jer javnosti nikada nisu bili dostupni tačni podaci o broju i strukturi iseljenih. Pored nepotpune statističke evidencije, u radu su izneti rezultati malobrojnih i uglavnom parcijalnih istrazivanja ove pojave, kao i neke procene. Iznošenjem karakteristika zaposlenosti, odnosno nezaposlenosti u našoj zemlji na indirektan način se ukazuje na eventualne razmere emigriranja stručnjaka. Pošto se iseljavanje naučnika i stručnjaka iz naše zemlje uglavnom posmatra iz perspektive društvenog gubitka (koji je neosporan), u ovom radu je načinjen pokušaj da se ukae na zanemareni značaj i legitimitet individualnog prava na lični uspeh. Jugoslovensko društvo je danas opterećeno ne samo otvorenom, već i prikrivenom nezaposlenošću, kao i neadekvatnom zaposlenošću visokoobrazovnih stručnjaka, pa o velikim društvenim gubicima možemo govoriti i u odnosu na visokoobrazovane građane nase zemlje. U situaciji veoma teške društvene krize, u Jugoslaviji postoje dva nivoa "odliva mozgova": jedan se ogleda u emigraciji stručnjaka, a drugi u propadanju postojećih stručnih potencijala.
人才外流"，又称 "人口外流"，是指高层次无线电通信人员为寻求更好的生活和工作机会，从欠发达国家向发达国家的大规模迁移。在这一背景下，南斯拉夫出现了大规模的人才外流现象。过去几年中，南斯拉夫工人的外流造成了一种戏剧性的局面，同时也在我们的土地上造成了动荡的社会动荡。Uprkos tome, veoma je malo broj autora koji se bavi ovim problemom, pre svega zbog nedostatka elementamih izvora informaciją.Proučavanje problematike spoljnih migracija, a naročito migracija radne snage (kako u SFRJ, tako i u SRJ) oduvek se zasnivalo na procenama autoriteta, jer publice nikada nisu bili dostupni tačni podaci o broju i strukturi iseljenih.通过对统计数据的分析，我们可以得出以下结论：在就业和劳动力市场中，就业和劳动力市场的特征是非常重要的。对我国就业和失业特点的分析间接指出了工人移民的最终情况。 Pošto se emigration naučnika i stručnjaka iz naše zemlje uglavnom posmatra iz perspectivtive društvenog gubitka (koji je neosporan), u ovom radu je načinjen pokušaj da se ukae na zanemareni značaj i legitimitet individualnog prava na lični uspeh.今天的南斯拉夫社会不仅公开失业，而且暗中失业，受过高等教育的工人就业不足，我们还可以说我国受过高等教育的公民面临着重大的社会问题。在社会危机十分严峻的情况下，南斯拉夫正在经历两个层面的 "人才外流"：一是工人移民，二是大学毕业后的潜力下降。
{"title":"Odliv stručnjaka iz Jugoslavije","authors":"Slavica Komatina","doi":"10.59954/stnv.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.513","url":null,"abstract":"Egzodus stručnjaka, poznatiji kao \"odliv mozgova\", predstavlja masovne migracije visokostručne radne snage koja se iseljava iz nerazvijenih u razvijene zemlje u potrazi za boljim uslovima života i rada. Ova pojava postaje izražena sredinom šezdesetih godina, kada počinje masovno migriranje stručnjaka iz zemalja u razvoju u razvijene zemlje, a taj proces vremenom intenzivira, obubvata sve veći broj zemalja i u njemu učestvuje sve više ljudi. Odliv stručnjaka iz Jugoslavije poslednjih godina poprima dramatične razmere, zajedno sa burnim društvenim previranjima na našem tlu. Uprkos tome, veoma je mali broj autora koji se bavi ovim problemom, pre svega zbog nedostatka elementamih izvora informacija. Proučavanje problematike spoljnih migracija, a naročito migracija radne snage (kako u SFRJ, tako i u SRJ) oduvek se zasnivalo na procenama autoriteta, jer javnosti nikada nisu bili dostupni tačni podaci o broju i strukturi iseljenih. Pored nepotpune statističke evidencije, u radu su izneti rezultati malobrojnih i uglavnom parcijalnih istrazivanja ove pojave, kao i neke procene. Iznošenjem karakteristika zaposlenosti, odnosno nezaposlenosti u našoj zemlji na indirektan način se ukazuje na eventualne razmere emigriranja stručnjaka. Pošto se iseljavanje naučnika i stručnjaka iz naše zemlje uglavnom posmatra iz perspektive društvenog gubitka (koji je neosporan), u ovom radu je načinjen pokušaj da se ukae na zanemareni značaj i legitimitet individualnog prava na lični uspeh. Jugoslovensko društvo je danas opterećeno ne samo otvorenom, već i prikrivenom nezaposlenošću, kao i neadekvatnom zaposlenošću visokoobrazovnih stručnjaka, pa o velikim društvenim gubicima možemo govoriti i u odnosu na visokoobrazovane građane nase zemlje. U situaciji veoma teške društvene krize, u Jugoslaviji postoje dva nivoa \"odliva mozgova\": jedan se ogleda u emigraciji stručnjaka, a drugi u propadanju postojećih stručnih potencijala.","PeriodicalId":35694,"journal":{"name":"Stanovnistvo","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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