Tous les deux ans, le numero d'ete de Population & Societes, intitule Tous les pays du monde, presente un tableau de la population mondiale. Les donnees proviennent essentiellement de la World Population Data Sheet publiee par le Population Reference Bureau (PRB)
{"title":"Tous les pays du monde (2007)","authors":"G. Pison","doi":"10.3917/POPSOC.525.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPSOC.525.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Tous les deux ans, le numero d'ete de Population & Societes, intitule Tous les pays du monde, presente un tableau de la population mondiale. Les donnees proviennent essentiellement de la World Population Data Sheet publiee par le Population Reference Bureau (PRB)","PeriodicalId":35725,"journal":{"name":"Population and Societies","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73333825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are thought to be nearly 150 million international migrants as we enter the 21st century if a migrant is taken to mean a person who resides outside of his or her country of birth or citizenship for one year or more. There were an estimated 75 million in 1965 105 million in 1985 and 120 million in 1990. But these estimates are open to question given the difficulty of observing and quantifying international migration (see box). In particular reliable information is lacking on flows—departures transits returns— leaving only that on stocks—the number of migrants resident on a given date in each country—to form an idea of migratory exchanges. Net migration flows to developed countries—arrivals less departures—are estimated to have averaged about 2.4 million people a year in the period 1990-2000 which is highly consistent with the figures for inflows to the main Northern host countries (2.7 million for OECD countries in 1998). Given that this is a net count i.e. combining long-term departures with returns of nationals and non-nationals it can be inferred that annual outflows i.e. emigration worldwide are significantly higher than the estimated 2.4 million particularly if the significant but hard to quantify South-South migration is added. The volume of international migration must not overshadow the fact that it involves only a tiny share of the world population (2.5% of the 6.1 billion people in 2001). The large majority are geographically stable and the picture of a world crisscrossed by vast never ending waves of migrants does not reflect the reality notwithstanding large-scale local and regional population moves chiefly as a result of conflicts political or environmental crises (drought in the Sahel in the 1970s Gulf War in 1991). (excerpt)
{"title":"International migration trends.","authors":"G. Simon","doi":"10.18356/dd5d3187-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/dd5d3187-en","url":null,"abstract":"There are thought to be nearly 150 million international migrants as we enter the 21st century if a migrant is taken to mean a person who resides outside of his or her country of birth or citizenship for one year or more. There were an estimated 75 million in 1965 105 million in 1985 and 120 million in 1990. But these estimates are open to question given the difficulty of observing and quantifying international migration (see box). In particular reliable information is lacking on flows—departures transits returns— leaving only that on stocks—the number of migrants resident on a given date in each country—to form an idea of migratory exchanges. Net migration flows to developed countries—arrivals less departures—are estimated to have averaged about 2.4 million people a year in the period 1990-2000 which is highly consistent with the figures for inflows to the main Northern host countries (2.7 million for OECD countries in 1998). Given that this is a net count i.e. combining long-term departures with returns of nationals and non-nationals it can be inferred that annual outflows i.e. emigration worldwide are significantly higher than the estimated 2.4 million particularly if the significant but hard to quantify South-South migration is added. The volume of international migration must not overshadow the fact that it involves only a tiny share of the world population (2.5% of the 6.1 billion people in 2001). The large majority are geographically stable and the picture of a world crisscrossed by vast never ending waves of migrants does not reflect the reality notwithstanding large-scale local and regional population moves chiefly as a result of conflicts political or environmental crises (drought in the Sahel in the 1970s Gulf War in 1991). (excerpt)","PeriodicalId":35725,"journal":{"name":"Population and Societies","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73210014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-12-31DOI: 10.1215/9780822373216-003
Lévy Ml
All demographic researchers agree on the meaning of demographic transition as the movement from a traditional regime of demographic equilibrium with high fertility and mortality rates to a modern regime with low fertility and mortality rates. During the period of transition the population undergoes considerable growth because the mortality decline precedes the fertility decline. The concept is clear but its relevance is not established: is it a theory a scheme or a model? A recent study of the demographic transition in 67 countries from 1720-1984 by Jean-Claude Chesnais concluded that no "theory" of demographic transition could predict the particular development of a specific country but that the concept of demographic transition is the only interpretive scheme for contemporary demographic change. The same general factors are believed to have caused fertility reduction in all countries where it has occurred including improved health conditions increased educational and income levels and improved status of women. 2 key variables in the process appear to be declining nuptiality and increased female education. The early 1980s saw a slowing of demographic growth in most of the less developed countries. Exceptions among countries with over 50 million inhabitants were Bangladesh Pakistan Vietnam and Nigeria. A common feature of demographic transitions is a mortality decline. All apparent exceptions such as France Germany and Belgium are being shown to follow the rule after all. A typology of transitions can be constructed according to the length of the period of most rapid population growth and according to the magnitude of this growth which may vary from less than 1% to over 3% per year. Chesnais in his work proposed a new concept the transitional multiplier of population. The intensity of the transition determines the final population size more than the duration. Transition multipliers have ranged from less than 2 in Ireland and about 2 in France to about 4 in Sweden 4 or 5 in India 7-10 in Mexico and 15 or more in Kenya. As a general rule the most recent transitions have tended to be short and intense. The author predicts a multiplication by 7 for the world as a whole between 1850-2050 which represents less than 1%/year on average. The multiplier would be 4 for the developed countries whose share of the total will decline from 25% to 14% and 8 for the less developed countries. Another factor differentiating national demographic 5 has been the simultaneous occurrence in some cases of migration. No decisive correlation between economic growth and demographic growth has ever been proven. Chesnais believes that the growth of food production has increased faster than the growth of population in less developed countries and that famines are increasingly the result of governmental errors rather than lack of food.
{"title":"The demographic transitions","authors":"Lévy Ml","doi":"10.1215/9780822373216-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822373216-003","url":null,"abstract":"All demographic researchers agree on the meaning of demographic transition as the movement from a traditional regime of demographic equilibrium with high fertility and mortality rates to a modern regime with low fertility and mortality rates. During the period of transition the population undergoes considerable growth because the mortality decline precedes the fertility decline. The concept is clear but its relevance is not established: is it a theory a scheme or a model? A recent study of the demographic transition in 67 countries from 1720-1984 by Jean-Claude Chesnais concluded that no \"theory\" of demographic transition could predict the particular development of a specific country but that the concept of demographic transition is the only interpretive scheme for contemporary demographic change. The same general factors are believed to have caused fertility reduction in all countries where it has occurred including improved health conditions increased educational and income levels and improved status of women. 2 key variables in the process appear to be declining nuptiality and increased female education. The early 1980s saw a slowing of demographic growth in most of the less developed countries. Exceptions among countries with over 50 million inhabitants were Bangladesh Pakistan Vietnam and Nigeria. A common feature of demographic transitions is a mortality decline. All apparent exceptions such as France Germany and Belgium are being shown to follow the rule after all. A typology of transitions can be constructed according to the length of the period of most rapid population growth and according to the magnitude of this growth which may vary from less than 1% to over 3% per year. Chesnais in his work proposed a new concept the transitional multiplier of population. The intensity of the transition determines the final population size more than the duration. Transition multipliers have ranged from less than 2 in Ireland and about 2 in France to about 4 in Sweden 4 or 5 in India 7-10 in Mexico and 15 or more in Kenya. As a general rule the most recent transitions have tended to be short and intense. The author predicts a multiplication by 7 for the world as a whole between 1850-2050 which represents less than 1%/year on average. The multiplier would be 4 for the developed countries whose share of the total will decline from 25% to 14% and 8 for the less developed countries. Another factor differentiating national demographic 5 has been the simultaneous occurrence in some cases of migration. No decisive correlation between economic growth and demographic growth has ever been proven. Chesnais believes that the growth of food production has increased faster than the growth of population in less developed countries and that famines are increasingly the result of governmental errors rather than lack of food.","PeriodicalId":35725,"journal":{"name":"Population and Societies","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73129199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：