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Microbial Formulation of Bio-Briquettes Using Lignocellulosic and Floral Biomass 利用木质纤维素和植物生物量制备生物型煤的微生物配方
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.162
M. Karale, Akash Ankush Shivankar, M. Waghmode, N. Patil, Ravindra U. Mene
Considering the cost of fuel, it is the need of the hour for the utilization of waste as a fuel source. Leaf litter waste and floral waste biomass present in the surrounding serve as potential materials in bio-briquettes formulation. Leaf litter wastes (Almond leaves, Ashoka leaves, Cluster fig leaves), and floral wastes such as (Marigold, Tuberose, and Rose) was used for the study. The waste was microbially treated usingLactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 for rapid decomposition of wastes. The briquettes were formulated using wet briquetting, manual pressure, and cylindrical mould methods. Paper pulp along with wheat bran at a 35:5 ratio was used as an artificial binding agent. The preliminary analysis includes the contents of moisture, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, etc. Bio briquettes were ultimately analyzed by FESEM, FT-IR, TGA, Density, and Calorific values. Comparisons were done using untreated lignocellulosic biomass-based briquettes and commercially available briquettes. Briquettes made from waste that has undergone microbial processing have a calorific value of 5968.20w kJ/Kg, a density of 0.26 kg/cm3, 8.4% moisture content, 10% volatile matter content, 13.65% ash content, 67.95% fixed carbon content, a maximum burning time of 17 minutes, and a minimum ignition time of 3 minutes. While the briquettes made from untreated waste have calorific value of 4205.10 kJ/Kg, density of 0.20 kg/cm3, 10.8% moisture content, 15% volatile matter content, 15.11% ash content, 59.05% fixed carbon content. This comparative study shows microbially treated bio briquettes can offer good agriculture waste management and new fuel opportunities.
考虑到燃料成本,将废物作为燃料来源是一小时的需要。周围存在的落叶垃圾和花卉垃圾生物质可作为生物型煤配方中的潜在材料。落叶废弃物(杏仁叶、阿育王叶、簇状无花果叶)和花卉废弃物(万寿菊、块茎玫瑰和玫瑰)用于研究。使用植物乳杆菌ATCC 8014和短乳杆菌ATCC14869对废物进行微生物处理,以快速分解废物。采用湿压块法、手动加压法和圆筒成型法配制成型块。将纸浆与麦麸以35:5的比例一起用作人工粘合剂。初步分析包括水分、挥发性物质、灰分、固定碳等的含量。最终通过FESEM、FT-IR、TGA、密度和热值对生物压块进行分析。使用未处理的木质纤维素生物质基压块和市售压块进行比较。由经过微生物处理的废物制成的压块的热值为5968.20wkJ/Kg,密度为0.26kg/cm3,水分含量为8.4%,挥发性物质含量为10%,灰分含量为13.65%,固定碳含量为67.95%,最长燃烧时间为17分钟,最短点火时间为3分钟。而由未经处理的废物制成的煤块的热值为4205.10kJ/Kg,密度为0.20kg/cm3,水分含量为10.8%,挥发性物质含量为15%,灰分含量为15.11%,固定碳含量为59.05%。这项比较研究表明,微生物处理的生物压块可以提供良好的农业废物管理和新的燃料机会。
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引用次数: 0
Roles of Public Financing to Address Urban Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) Services in Bangladesh: a Study of Dhaka And Faridpur Cities 公共融资在孟加拉国城市粪便污泥管理(FSM)服务中的作用:对达卡和法里德普尔城市的研究
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.152
Mowshumi Sharmin, G. Murtaza, R. Islam
Prior to adopting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Bangladesh achieved 100% access to sanitation by 2015 mostly by on-site sanitation systems (OSSs). The major drawbacks of the OSSs are the deposition of the Faecal Sludge (FS) underground and environmental pollution due to the indiscriminate disposal of FS. As an overpopulated country, 40% out of 162 million people live in urban areas. However, the national planning process; the Five-Year Planning (FY 2016-20) did not put emphasis on the Faecal Sludge Management (FSM). Major policies also did not address FSM though there are various policies relevant to promote safe sanitation. Against this backdrop, it is difficult to manage the second-generation sanitation challenge like FSM services for the enormously growing urban population. However, to achieve the target of sustainable sanitation (SDG 6.2), the country needs much attention to address the FSM services with a huge public investment to build necessary infrastructures and initiate service delivery by involving stakeholders. This study investigated the role of public finance in addressing urban FSM services in two urban centers: Dhaka and Faridpur. The current public financing addressed FSM service for 39% of inhabitants in Faridpur; while in Dhaka, FSM service is very negligible and Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is facilitating only the emptying service by engaging the private enterprises and NGOs shows a resource gap for FSM financing. Lack of institutional coordination, role clarity on service delivery, service provisioning, capacity, leadership, and inappropriate resource sharing among the utilities are the key challenges. The study has drawn a set of public financing mechanisms to achieve urban FSM service.
在通过可持续发展目标(SDGs)之前,孟加拉国在2015年实现了100%的卫生服务,主要是通过现场卫生系统(OSSs)。操作系统的主要缺点是粪便污泥(FS)沉积在地下,以及由于不加选择地处理FS而造成的环境污染。作为一个人口过多的国家,1.62亿人口中有40%生活在城市地区。然而,国家规划进程;五年规划(2016-20财年)没有强调粪便污泥管理(FSM)。主要政策也没有涉及密克罗尼西亚联邦,尽管有各种政策与促进安全卫生有关。在这种背景下,很难像FSM服务那样为急剧增长的城市人口应对第二代卫生挑战。然而,为了实现可持续卫生的目标(可持续发展目标6.2),该国需要高度重视通过巨额公共投资来解决密克罗尼西亚联邦的服务问题,以建设必要的基础设施,并通过利益相关者的参与来启动服务提供。本研究调查了公共财政在达卡和法里德布尔两个城市中心解决城市FSM服务方面的作用。目前的公共融资涉及法里德普尔39%居民的FSM服务;而在达卡,FSM的服务非常微不足道,达卡供水和污水管理局(DWASA)只通过吸引私营企业和非政府组织来促进排空服务,这表明FSM的融资存在资源缺口。缺乏机构协调、在服务提供、服务提供、能力、领导力方面的角色明确以及公用事业之间不适当的资源共享是关键挑战。研究得出了一套实现城市FSM服务的公共融资机制。
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引用次数: 0
Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Lemon Leaf Powder as an Adsorbent 用柠檬叶粉作为吸附剂去除孔雀石绿染料
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.141
Sarath B. Babu, Seerla Venkata Priyanka
The majority of developing nations experience significant water contamination from textile sector wastewater. The use of low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbents has been researched as a means of addressing problems of water contamination and high costs for waste - water treatment processes. Malachite green is an incredibly dangerous colour that not only damages mammalian cells but also has a key influence in the growth of liver cancers. The life cycle of aquatic creatures, plants, and people is hampered by dye released into bodies of water without sufficient treatment. In this study, the powdered lemon leaves are utilized for removal of the aniline green dye. By using batch-style setting and design of the experiment (the Box– Behnken technique) adsorbent has been investigated & have been developed to evaluate the process's critical factors, including agitation time, size of adsorbent, dosage of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration and temperature. The acquired values were fitted with adsorption isotherms. Malachite green dye sequestration onto Lemon Leaf Powder was chosen using kinetic models. The results of the trials showed that employing powdered lemon leaves, malachite green could be removed to a maximum of 82.21%. Malachite green dye concentration of 50 mg/L, temp of solution 303 K, and dosage of adsorbent 20 g/L are the ideal parameters. Lemon leaf powders have a maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of 8.08 mg/g. The equilibrium was more accurately modelled using the Freundlich isotherm. When compared to other models, the data which fits the pseudo 2nd order kinetics model is better. Previously researchers had proved several low– cost materials such as wheat bran, marina alga, wood apple shell etc In the current work, to remove malachite green dyes the efficacy of citrus lemon leaves is thoroughly done. The operating parameters that are optimized include dye solution concentration, initial solution pH, sorbent dose, and temperature. Studies on thermodynamics have demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic & spontaneous.
大多数发展中国家都经历了纺织业废水的严重水污染。利用低成本、环境友好的吸附剂作为解决水污染和废水处理过程高成本问题的一种手段已经得到了研究。孔雀石绿是一种非常危险的颜色,它不仅会损害哺乳动物的细胞,还会对肝癌的生长产生关键影响。水生生物、植物和人类的生命周期被未经充分处理而释放到水体中的染料所阻碍。本研究以粉末状柠檬叶为原料,对苯胺绿染料进行脱除。采用间歇式设置和实验设计(Box - Behnken技术)对吸附剂进行了研究和开发,并对该工艺的关键因素进行了评价,包括搅拌时间、吸附剂粒度、吸附剂用量、pH、初始浓度和温度。所得值与吸附等温线拟合。采用动力学模型研究了孔雀石绿染料在柠檬叶粉上的吸附作用。试验结果表明,柠檬叶粉对孔雀石绿的去除率最高可达82.21%。孔雀石绿染料浓度为50 mg/L,溶液温度为303 K,吸附剂用量为20 g/L。柠檬叶粉的最大吸附量(qmax)为8.08 mg/g。用Freundlich等温线更精确地模拟了平衡。与其他模型相比,拟二阶动力学模型的拟合数据更好。在此之前,研究人员已经证明了几种低成本的材料,如麦麸、海藻、木苹果壳等,在目前的工作中,柑橘柠檬叶去除孔雀石绿染料的效果是彻底的。优化的操作参数包括染料溶液浓度、初始溶液pH、吸附剂剂量和温度。热力学研究表明,吸附过程是吸热自发的。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices and Role of Community Participation in Mettu Town, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚Mettu镇固体废物管理实践和社区参与作用评估
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.132
Milkessa Fanta Sima, Megersa Abdisa Debelo
Solid waste management has become a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of the existing solid waste management and to assess the attitude and role of the community in Mettu town. In order to accomplish these objectives, both primary and secondary data were gathered and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The sample size included of 96 members of households, business owners, kebele leaders, municipal workers, solid waste collectors and health extension workers who were selected randomly. Based on the data that generated from the respondents municipal solid waste management system is very weak in terms of status, spatial coverage, community involvement, and solid waste management facility. Among 96 about 84 (87.5%) respondents are not satisfied with the existing solid waste management. The communities participate very careless to clean their front yards, street and see it as the responsibility of the municipality. This poor status of solid waste management is intensified by poor contribution of stakeholders. Therefore, the government should be engaged in awareness creation and training all communities and stakeholders to upgrade the existing low status of solid waste management services in Mettu town.
固体废物管理已成为埃塞俄比亚城市地区一个主要的公共卫生和环境问题。本研究的目的是评估梅土镇现有固体废物管理的现状,并评估社区的态度和作用。为了实现这些目标,收集了一手和二手数据,并通过描述性统计进行了分析。样本包括96名随机抽取的家庭成员、企业主、kebele领导、市政工人、固体废物收集者和卫生推广工作者。根据受访者的数据,城市固体废物管理系统在地位、空间覆盖、社区参与和固体废物管理设施方面非常薄弱。在96名受访者中,约84名(87.5%)对现有的固体废物管理不满意。社区参与非常粗心地打扫他们的前院,街道,并认为这是市政当局的责任。由于利益攸关方的贡献不足,固体废物管理的这种不良状况更加严重。因此,政府应该致力于提高认识,并培训所有社区和利益相关者,以改善梅图镇现有的低水平固体废物管理服务。
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引用次数: 0
'Clean Food': A Model for Safe and Sustainable Agriculture Towards Accomplishment of Circular Economy “清洁食品”:实现循环经济的安全可持续农业模式
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.115
R. Bera, A. Datta, S. Bose, K. Mukhopadhyay, K. Goswami, M. Debnath, A. Barik, M. Ganguli, V. Narasimhan, E. Quah, P. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, A. Seal
The core concept of Circular Economy (CE) in Agriculture is targeted towards better sustenance through higher use of renewable sources and facilitating the restoration and regeneration of system resources. However, dearth of effective crop-technology/ies that can ensure the above while sustaining crop yields; form the major bottleneck towards facilitation of CE in agriculture. The Safe and Sustainable' Clean Food' (CF) Model can perhaps serve as the best fit road map towards the objective. Driven by Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology this model focuses 'Plant Health Management' and utilizes the safe, cost-effective, waste bio-converted Novcom compost for Soil Health Management to deliver safe food, without crop loss and without raising the cost of production. The model when evaluated in respect of all the basic principles of circular agriculture; revealed its potential towards improving (by up to 19.5%) crop yield while reducing/ eliminating non-renewable inputs like chemical fertilizers and pesticides; that minimized the risk of pesticide residue in food (vegetables) by about 93%. Resource recycling through bioconversion of MSW/ landfill waste into safe compost improved soil quality by up to 27%. Most importantly, GHG Abatement of 6.4 to 11.7 kg CO2 -eq / kg food production, 64% increase in energy productivity, 16.7% higher employment generation, and about 19.7% increase in gross income (on an average); indicated that the CF Model delivered the very essence of CE in agriculture i. e., decoupling economic development from the linear dynamics of finite and non-renewable resource extraction, use, and disposal, while improving the access to safe and nutritious food for all.
农业循环经济(CE)的核心概念旨在通过更多地使用可再生资源来更好地维持生计,并促进系统资源的恢复和再生。然而,缺乏能够在维持作物产量的同时确保上述目标的有效作物技术;形成了农业CE便利化的主要瓶颈。安全和可持续的“清洁食品”(CF)模式可能是实现这一目标的最佳路线图。在Inhana理性农业(IRF)技术的推动下,该模式专注于“植物健康管理”,并利用安全、经济高效的废物生物转化Novcom堆肥进行土壤健康管理,以提供安全的食物,而不会造成作物损失,也不会提高生产成本。根据循环农业的所有基本原则进行评估时的模型;揭示了其提高(高达19.5%)作物产量的潜力,同时减少/消除化肥和农药等不可再生投入;这将食品(蔬菜)中农药残留的风险降低了约93%。通过将城市生活垃圾/垃圾填埋场废物生物转化为安全堆肥进行资源回收,可将土壤质量提高27%。最重要的是,温室气体减排6.4至11.7千克二氧化碳当量/千克粮食生产,能源生产率提高64%,创造的就业机会增加16.7%,总收入(平均)增加约19.7%;表明CF模型体现了农业CE的本质,即将经济发展与有限和不可再生资源的开采、使用和处置的线性动态脱钩,同时改善所有人获得安全和营养食品的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Solid Waste Management Practices in Primary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria 改善尼日利亚伊巴丹小学固体废物管理实践
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.102
C.RAdeboye, S. A. Lateef, B.THammed, E.AAkintunde
School system represents an important outlet for waste generation and advancement of knowledge on waste management. The aim of the study was to improve knowledge, attitude and practices of solid waste management (SWM) among pupils of selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study intended to find out what will be the effect of the intervention (training on solid waste management) on the knowledge, attitude and practice of the students towards solid waste recycling? A quasi-experimental study was conducted among pupils of two primary schools (public and private schools). Using validated questionnaire, information was collected to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices before and after intervention. Waste generated over a two-week period was characterised. A solid waste segregation stand was provided with all students trained on waste craftsmanship. Data were analysed at p=0.05. The post-intervention knowledge scores at increased from 5.3 ± 1.9 to 8.8+1.3 and 5.6 ± 2.4 to 9.1 ± 1.3 in public and private schools, respectively. The predominant waste materials in both schools were paper and nylon with mean weekly values of 5.3 ± 0.6 kg and 4.0 ± 0.4 kg in public school and 14.8 ± 0.2 kg and 8.6 ± 0.9 kg in private school. Plastic and organic waste had mean weekly values of 1.8 ± 0.0 kg and 0.5 ± 0.6 kg in public school and 2.9 ± 0.7 kg and 0.4 ± 0.3 kg in private school, respectively. Different crafts were made by the pupils from the components of waste generated. The intervention led to waste recycling and improved pupils' SWM knowledge, attitude and practices.
学校系统是产生废物和提高废物管理知识的重要渠道。这项研究的目的是提高尼日利亚伊巴丹选定小学学生对固体废物管理的知识、态度和做法。这项研究旨在了解干预措施(固体废物管理培训)对学生对固体废物回收利用的知识、态度和实践会产生什么影响?在两所小学(公立和私立学校)的学生中进行了一项准实验研究。使用经验证的问卷,收集信息以评估他们在干预前后的知识、态度和实践。对两周内产生的废物进行了表征。为所有接受过废物工艺培训的学生提供了一个固体废物分类站。对数据进行分析,p=0.05。公立和私立学校的干预后知识得分分别从5.3±1.9增加到8.8±1.3和5.6±2.4增加到9.1±1.3。这两所学校的主要废料是纸张和尼龙,公立学校的平均每周值分别为5.3±0.6公斤和4.0±0.4公斤,私立学校的平均周值分别为14.8±0.2公斤和8.6±0.9公斤。在公立学校,塑料和有机垃圾的周平均值分别为1.8±0.0公斤和0.5±0.6公斤,在私立学校,塑料垃圾和有机垃圾分别为2.9±0.7公斤和0.4±0.3公斤。学生们用产生的废物成分制作了不同的工艺品。该干预措施促进了废物回收,并提高了学生的SWM知识、态度和实践。
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引用次数: 0
Blends Comprised Waste Tires and Reinforcing Carbon Black: Effect of Mixing Sequence on Processing and Physical Properties 废轮胎与增强炭黑共混物:混炼顺序对加工及物理性能的影响
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.91
Moshe Z. Rakhman
In this study, a simple recycling strategy for End-of-Life Tires (ELT) was described. The direct incorporation of a large-sized Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) as a major dispersed phase into the elastomer matrix was assisted by the promoter-induced mixing, which canceled the cost-consuming reclaiming step. A macro-dispersion of GTR in the mix was assessed via a surface roughness extent. This method allowed us to predict the behavior of the rubber compound. A nonuniform rough surface while the master step was converted to a smooth roll-processed web after re-milling. The processing steps were correlated with the fragmentation of GTR, partial interfacial adhesion, restoration of tack, and unsaturation. The sequential mixing generated a reasonable level of viscosity, building tack, and green strength. The structural integrity of the re-vulcanizates was provided with a higher curing temperature and was confirmed by the improved abrasion and tear resistance, retention of heat build-up, storage moduli values, and lower standard deviation compared to the unmodified GTR and neat NR/BR blends. The developed compounding and co-curing steps exhibit a practical way of GTR recycling using the standard mixer with lower operational and compound expenses, and the absence of toxic gas release.
在这项研究中,描述了一种简单的报废轮胎回收策略。促进剂诱导的混合有助于将大型地面轮胎橡胶(GTR)作为主要分散相直接掺入弹性体基体,从而取消了成本消耗的回收步骤。通过表面粗糙度来评估GTR在混合物中的宏观分散性。这种方法使我们能够预测橡胶化合物的行为。主步骤时的不均匀粗糙表面在重新研磨后转化为光滑的辊轧处理的卷材。加工步骤与GTR的碎裂、部分界面粘附、粘性的恢复和不饱和度有关。顺序混合产生了合理水平的粘度、建筑粘性和生坯强度。与未改性的GTR和纯NR/BR共混物相比,再硫化胶的结构完整性具有更高的固化温度,并通过改进的耐磨损性、保温性、储能模量值和更低的标准偏差得到证实。所开发的复合和共固化步骤展示了使用标准混合器的GTR回收的实用方法,具有较低的操作和复合费用,并且没有有毒气体释放。
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引用次数: 0
Household Solid Waste Generation and Management Systems in Rural Areas of Bhutan 不丹农村地区的家庭固体废物产生和管理系统
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.185
Rinchen Penjor, Om Katel, U. Dorji, S. Ghosh, S. Dorji
Globally, waste is accepted as an emerging issue and it concerns everyone, locally, nationally, and globally. However, studies on waste generation, composition, and management systems are often focused on urban areas. Similarly, Bhutan lacks information and reliable data about rural household solid waste generation and its composition at large and there is vague information on its management systems. This paper presents precise information on waste generation, composition, and management systems in rural areas in three administrative units called Gewogs namely Khatoed, Semjong, and Phangkhar under Gasa, Tsirang, and Zhemgang districts respectively. These study areas are located in different regions of the country with varying geographic locations, natural resources, altitudes, cultural diversity, lifestyles, and consumption patterns. The study envisioned narrowing the data gap, creating a yardstick for similar studies to be undertaken henceforth, and delivering sufficient and reliable information for informed decision-making for the successful progression of waste prevention and management programs to achieve"Zero Waste Bhutan", the vibrant vision of the country towards attaining zero waste society. On average, each household generated about 0.17 kg per day in the study areas and the per capita waste generation was 0.039 kg, 0.037 kg, and 0.032 kg a day in Khatoed, Semjong, and Phangkhar Gewogs respectively. On average, at least 72.9% practiced reduction, 86.8% reported that they reused, and 29.4% practiced recycling in their daily lives. At least 95.7%, 73.7%, and 82.1% of the household under Semjong, Phangkhar, and Khatoed Gewogs respectively practiced waste segregation into wet and dry at the source.
在全球范围内,废物被认为是一个新出现的问题,它关系到每个人,无论是地方、国家还是全球。然而,关于废物产生、组成和管理系统的研究往往集中在城市地区。同样,不丹缺乏关于农村家庭固体废物产生及其总体组成的信息和可靠数据,也缺乏关于其管理系统的模糊信息。本文介绍了三个名为Gewogs的行政单位的农村地区废物产生、组成和管理系统的精确信息,即分别隶属于Gasa、Tsirang和Zhemgang区的Khatoed、Semjong和Phangkhar。这些研究区域位于该国的不同地区,地理位置、自然资源、海拔高度、文化多样性、生活方式和消费模式各不相同。该研究设想缩小数据差距,为今后进行的类似研究创造一个标准,并为明智的决策提供足够和可靠的信息,以成功推进废物预防和管理计划,实现“零废物不丹”,这是该国实现零废物社会的充满活力的愿景。在研究地区,每户平均每天产生约0.17公斤废物,在Khatoed、Semjong和Phangkhar Gewogs,人均每天产生的废物分别为0.039公斤、0.037公斤和0.032公斤。平均而言,至少72.9%的人在日常生活中进行了减少,86.8%的人报告说他们重复使用,29.4%的人进行了回收。Semjong、Phangkhar和Khatoed Gewogs的家庭中,分别有95.7%、73.7%和82.1%的家庭在源头上将废物分为湿垃圾和干垃圾。
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引用次数: 0
Removal of Nickel (II) Ion from an Aqueous Solution Using Red Brick as an Adsorbent 用红砖作为吸附剂去除水溶液中的镍离子
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.175
Partha Praveen, N. Munilakshmi, P. Sravani
The concentration of pollutants has risen to unsafe levels in environment due to industrial, mining and agricultural processes leading to disposal of waste materials. Nickel ion is one of the heavy metal pollutants from power plants, metal fabrication facilities, and waste incinerators are the main sources of nickel ion's discharge into the environment. Even at very low concentrations, nickel ions in drinking water can cause serious kidney, lung, and cardiovascular diseases. Even though several heavy metal removal techniques like chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, nanofiltration etc., are available. Adsorption became one of the most successful technologies for removing dangerous chemicals from water because it is simple, affordable, efficient, and flexible. So far several materials were used as adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants in water. In this study, one of the common construction waste material, red brick was used as an adsorbent to remove nickel ion from water. It is cheap and easily available. The adsorbent capacity is examined using nonflow batch process for the red brick adsorbent with varying nickel initial concentrations. The max percentage removal of 95% was achieved at optimum pH-7, 30 minutes of contact time, 1.5 g of adsorbent dosage and particle size of 41.5 microns. Adsorption process is verified for equilibrium and kinetic studies.
由于工业、采矿和农业过程导致废料的处置,环境中污染物的浓度已上升到不安全的水平。镍离子是重金属污染物之一,电厂、金属加工设施和垃圾焚烧炉是镍离子排放到环境中的主要来源。即使在非常低的浓度下,饮用水中的镍离子也会导致严重的肾脏、肺部和心血管疾病。尽管有几种重金属去除技术,如化学沉淀、离子交换、反渗透、超滤、电渗析、纳滤等,是可用的。吸附法因其简单、经济、高效和灵活而成为去除水中危险化学物质最成功的技术之一。目前已有几种材料作为吸附剂用于去除水中不同的污染物。本研究以建筑垃圾中常见的红砖为吸附剂,对水中的镍离子进行了脱除。它既便宜又容易获得。采用非流动间歇法对不同镍初始浓度的红砖吸附剂进行了吸附性能的研究。在pH-7、接触时间30 min、吸附剂投加量1.5 g、吸附剂粒径为41.5 μ m时,最大去除率为95%。对吸附过程进行了平衡和动力学研究。
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引用次数: 0
Importance of Solid Waste Assessment And Quantification: New Jersey Counties Case Study 固体废物评估和量化的重要性:新泽西州县的案例研究
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.1
Serpil Guran, Stacey Demers, Josh DeGayner, D. Specca, Victoria Phillips, Coryanne Mansell, Christine Symington
The State of New Jersey (The State) established yearly waste reduction and recycling goals that target recycling 50% of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Type 10 (ID# 10) waste and 60% of the entire waste stream. In order to assist the State with meeting the waste reduction and recycling goals, the project team performed a yearlong waste stream composition study, including physical inspection and assessment of the individual constituents, to create reliable, upto-date ID #10 MSW data by a percentage of total MSW weight. Identifying the source of the waste stream as rural (population density less than 500 people/sq. mile), suburban (population density between 500 to 1999 people/sq. mile), urban (population density is 2000 or more people /sq. mile) is critical for understanding the waste generation trends of these residential areas. Study revealed that food waste, plastic waste and compostable paper are the highest weight percentage components of residential and commercial ID#10 MSW. The study is a comprehensive analysis which can serve as an efficient decision-making tool.
新泽西州(该州)制定了年度废物减少和回收目标,目标是回收50%的城市固体废物(MSW)类型10(ID#10)废物和60%的整个废物流。为了协助该州实现废物减少和回收目标,项目团队进行了为期一年的废物流成分研究,包括对单个成分的物理检查和评估,以创建可靠的、最新的ID#10 MSW数据,占MSW总重量的百分比。确定废物流的来源为农村(人口密度低于500人/平方英里)、郊区(人口密度在500至1999人/平方公里之间)、城市(人口密度为2000人/平方英尺或以上),对于了解这些住宅区的废物产生趋势至关重要。研究表明,食物垃圾、塑料垃圾和可堆肥纸是住宅和商业ID#10 MSW中重量百分比最高的成分。该研究是一种综合分析,可以作为一种有效的决策工具。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management
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