A. Mohammad, Venkata Siva Naga Sai Goli, Agnes Anto Chembukavu, D. Singh
Biochemical decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills leads to the generation of leachate, gases and humus substances. In this context, a methodology to assess D ecomposition of MSW, designated as DecoMSW, has been developed; based on a series of tests conducted on samples of the fresh MSW and those retrieved from the active bioreactor landfill (BLF) cells of age from 13 to 48 months. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variation in the (i) physical (composition) and (ii) chemical (pH, volatile solids, total organic carbon, elemental analysis, ammonium and nitrate-nitrogen, biomethanation potential, lignocellulosic content) characteristics of the MSW samples exhumed from the landfill have been established. Finally, these characteristics were correlated vis-à-vis the respective values of the fresh MSW. From this exercise, it has been observed that except for nitrate-nitrogen, all other chemical parameters of MSW decrease exponentially with time until 20 months, and beyond that, they remain constant, which is an indication of stabilization of MSW. In short, it has been demonstrated that DecoMSW is instrumental in assessing the state of decomposition of MSW with respect to time in the BLF and facilitates initiation of the landfill mining activities.
{"title":"DecoMSW: A Methodology to Assess Decomposition of Municipal Solid Waste for Initiation of Landfill Mining Activities","authors":"A. Mohammad, Venkata Siva Naga Sai Goli, Agnes Anto Chembukavu, D. Singh","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.465","url":null,"abstract":"Biochemical decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills leads to the generation of leachate, gases and humus substances. In this context, a methodology to assess D ecomposition of MSW, designated as DecoMSW, has been developed; based on a series\u0000 of tests conducted on samples of the fresh MSW and those retrieved from the active bioreactor landfill (BLF) cells of age from 13 to 48 months. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variation in the (i) physical (composition) and (ii) chemical (pH, volatile solids, total organic carbon, elemental\u0000 analysis, ammonium and nitrate-nitrogen, biomethanation potential, lignocellulosic content) characteristics of the MSW samples exhumed from the landfill have been established. Finally, these characteristics were correlated vis-à-vis the respective values of the fresh MSW. From this\u0000 exercise, it has been observed that except for nitrate-nitrogen, all other chemical parameters of MSW decrease exponentially with time until 20 months, and beyond that, they remain constant, which is an indication of stabilization of MSW. In short, it has been demonstrated that DecoMSW\u0000 is instrumental in assessing the state of decomposition of MSW with respect to time in the BLF and facilitates initiation of the landfill mining activities.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most local authorities in Malaysia spent as much as 60-70 percent of their annual budget to dispose food waste together with other municipal solid wastes to landfills. It is time for Malaysians to start reducing food waste through sustainable method, as it is becoming an uphill task to manage food wastes generated in Malaysia. When households reduce the amount of food waste generated in a sustainable way, it could help reduce cost, and other related bills for households, and as well in running their other daily activities. The main objective of this study is to assess how sociodemographic factors of households in Selangor and Terengganu influence their behaviour towards participation in sustainable food wastes management program. The study applied purposive nonrandom sampling consisting of 333 respondents, 257 were from Selangor and 76 from Terengganu. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaire. Descriptive and logistics regression model analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings have shown 48.7 percent of Terengganu respondents spent not more than RM100 on food per week, while Selangor had 41.2 percent within the same period who spent such amount. 35.4 percent of Selangor respondents spent between RM101-200 compared to Terengganu which spent same amount at 30.3 percent within the same periods. The survey shows 43.2 percent of Selangor households disposed 1-3kg food wastes, while Terengganu on the other hand had 51.3 percent who disposed same quantities of food wastes per week. Respondents with higher education, those on government jobs, small family size and ethnicity have significant impacts on the respondents' behaviour towards participation in sustainable food waste management program. Note: US$1=RM4.09
{"title":"Analysis of Socio-demographic Factors Influencing Households Participation in Sustainable Food Waste-management in Malaysia","authors":"Innocent A. Jereme, C. Siwar, R. Begum, B. Talib","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.488","url":null,"abstract":"Most local authorities in Malaysia spent as much as 60-70 percent of their annual budget to dispose food waste together with other municipal solid wastes to landfills. It is time for Malaysians to start reducing food waste through sustainable method, as it is becoming an uphill task\u0000 to manage food wastes generated in Malaysia. When households reduce the amount of food waste generated in a sustainable way, it could help reduce cost, and other related bills for households, and as well in running their other daily activities. The main objective of this study is to assess\u0000 how sociodemographic factors of households in Selangor and Terengganu influence their behaviour towards participation in sustainable food wastes management program. The study applied purposive nonrandom sampling consisting of 333 respondents, 257 were from Selangor and 76 from Terengganu.\u0000 Primary data was collected through structured questionnaire. Descriptive and logistics regression model analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings have shown 48.7 percent of Terengganu respondents spent not more than RM100 on food per week, while Selangor had 41.2 percent within the\u0000 same period who spent such amount. 35.4 percent of Selangor respondents spent between RM101-200 compared to Terengganu which spent same amount at 30.3 percent within the same periods. The survey shows 43.2 percent of Selangor households disposed 1-3kg food wastes, while Terengganu on the other\u0000 hand had 51.3 percent who disposed same quantities of food wastes per week. Respondents with higher education, those on government jobs, small family size and ethnicity have significant impacts on the respondents' behaviour towards participation in sustainable food waste management program.\u0000 Note: US$1=RM4.09","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46457817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Sinha, M. Vinoth, V. G. Havanagi, S. Chandra
Fuming furnace (FF) slag is one of the industrial waste materials which is generated during extraction of zinc metal at the zinc industry. It is deposited at the designated FF slag yard near the plant area with very limited use. As a result, the deposits are increasing year after year posing threat to the environment and occupying large area of precious land. The present research explores the possibility of using this waste material in the road construction. The tests like Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction was carried out on FF slag. To improve its geotechnical properties, it was mechanically stabilised with jarofix (another waste material generated from the same zinc industry) in the range of 25 to 75 percent. Apart from compaction characteristics, shear strength and consolidation characteristics of these mixes were studied to conclude about its feasibility in embankment and granular layers of road pavement. These mixes were further chemically stabilized with cement in the range of 3 to 9 percent to investigate their potential application in sub base and base layers of road construction. Compressive and durability characteristics of these mixes were also studied. Detailed laboratory study concluded that FF slag is a porous; amorphous cohesionless coarse grained material with high angle of internal friction. Engineering properties viz. dry density, CBR, and shear strength characteristics improved significantly after mechanical stabilisation with jarofix. These parameters of FF slag were compared with other industrial waste materials. Unconfined compressive strength and durability characteristics indicated suitability of cement stabilised slag-jarofix mixes for sub base and base layers of road pavement. It was concluded that about 20-30 percent of FF slag can be used as a replacement of fine aggregate in these granular layers. A typical pavement design indicated that it is possible to reduce the total pavement thickness of about 13 percent by using cement stabilised slag-jarofix mix.
{"title":"Potential Investigation of Stabilised Fuming Furnace Slag for Road Construction","authors":"A. K. Sinha, M. Vinoth, V. G. Havanagi, S. Chandra","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.499","url":null,"abstract":"Fuming furnace (FF) slag is one of the industrial waste materials which is generated during extraction of zinc metal at the zinc industry. It is deposited at the designated FF slag yard near the plant area with very limited use. As a result, the deposits are increasing year after year\u0000 posing threat to the environment and occupying large area of precious land. The present research explores the possibility of using this waste material in the road construction. The tests like Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction was\u0000 carried out on FF slag. To improve its geotechnical properties, it was mechanically stabilised with jarofix (another waste material generated from the same zinc industry) in the range of 25 to 75 percent. Apart from compaction characteristics, shear strength and consolidation characteristics\u0000 of these mixes were studied to conclude about its feasibility in embankment and granular layers of road pavement. These mixes were further chemically stabilized with cement in the range of 3 to 9 percent to investigate their potential application in sub base and base layers of road construction.\u0000 Compressive and durability characteristics of these mixes were also studied. Detailed laboratory study concluded that FF slag is a porous; amorphous cohesionless coarse grained material with high angle of internal friction. Engineering properties viz. dry density, CBR, and shear strength characteristics\u0000 improved significantly after mechanical stabilisation with jarofix. These parameters of FF slag were compared with other industrial waste materials. Unconfined compressive strength and durability characteristics indicated suitability of cement stabilised slag-jarofix mixes for sub base and\u0000 base layers of road pavement. It was concluded that about 20-30 percent of FF slag can be used as a replacement of fine aggregate in these granular layers. A typical pavement design indicated that it is possible to reduce the total pavement thickness of about 13 percent by using cement stabilised\u0000 slag-jarofix mix.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49138531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashmi Srinivasaiah, D. R. Swamy, Aswin S. Krishna, Chandrashekar Vinayak Airsang, D. C. Reddy, J. S. Shekar
At present, factors such as growth in population, economic development, urbanization and improved standard of living increase the quantity and complexity of generated Municipal Solid Waste. The different approaches for developing models for forecasting municipal solid waste generation have been classified into conventional and non-conventional or artificial intelligence models. While the conventional models include sample survey, system dynamics, econometric models, time series analysis, factor driven models and multiple linear regression models, the non-conventional models include artificial neural networks, Fuzzy logic models and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System models. In this review, various factors considered for modelling, locations of study, sources of data and various studies conducted by researchers have been tabulated in detail for identifying the major factors and models used in developed and developing countries. Non-conventional models are being preferred because of their capacity to analyse dynamic data and for their prediction accuracy.
{"title":"Various Models Used in Analysing Municipal Solid Waste Generation–A Review","authors":"Rashmi Srinivasaiah, D. R. Swamy, Aswin S. Krishna, Chandrashekar Vinayak Airsang, D. C. Reddy, J. S. Shekar","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.569","url":null,"abstract":"At present, factors such as growth in population, economic development, urbanization and improved standard of living increase the quantity and complexity of generated Municipal Solid Waste. The different approaches for developing models for forecasting municipal solid waste generation\u0000 have been classified into conventional and non-conventional or artificial intelligence models. While the conventional models include sample survey, system dynamics, econometric models, time series analysis, factor driven models and multiple linear regression models, the non-conventional models\u0000 include artificial neural networks, Fuzzy logic models and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System models. In this review, various factors considered for modelling, locations of study, sources of data and various studies conducted by researchers have been tabulated in detail for identifying\u0000 the major factors and models used in developed and developing countries. Non-conventional models are being preferred because of their capacity to analyse dynamic data and for their prediction accuracy.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41362232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Lázaro Ferraz, S. Mancini, Michel Xocaira Paes, Gerson Araújo de Medeiros, W. Bizzo
This paper proposed a methodology for the quality assessment of a municipal solid waste management system to help the decision-making process and improve the services and the system itself. This method considers four dimensions (strategy, collection and transportation, sorting and treatment, final disposal), with 202 analysis items based on information to be obtained mainly in loco and to be transformed in one single quality index, from 0 to 1. First, this method was applied in 20 cities of Brazil and the municipality that showed the lowest index, 0.07, also presented the lowest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, second-lowest population, and the third lower Human Development Index (HDI). The city with the highest indicator (0.53) presented the larger population, the highest GDP per capita, and the highest HDI. Later, one municipality used the methodology for five years, which helped the administrators make decisions that made the index improve from an initial value of 0.24 to 0.55 after five years. The proposed evaluation model proved to be efficient in diagnosing and to help the decision-makers, aiming for the improvement of a solid waste management index after the improvement of the related services for the population.
{"title":"Proposal and Test of an Assessment Method for Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems","authors":"José Lázaro Ferraz, S. Mancini, Michel Xocaira Paes, Gerson Araújo de Medeiros, W. Bizzo","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed a methodology for the quality assessment of a municipal solid waste management system to help the decision-making process and improve the services and the system itself. This method considers four dimensions (strategy, collection and transportation, sorting and treatment,\u0000 final disposal), with 202 analysis items based on information to be obtained mainly in loco and to be transformed in one single quality index, from 0 to 1. First, this method was applied in 20 cities of Brazil and the municipality that showed the lowest index, 0.07, also presented the\u0000 lowest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, second-lowest population, and the third lower Human Development Index (HDI). The city with the highest indicator (0.53) presented the larger population, the highest GDP per capita, and the highest HDI. Later, one municipality used\u0000 the methodology for five years, which helped the administrators make decisions that made the index improve from an initial value of 0.24 to 0.55 after five years. The proposed evaluation model proved to be efficient in diagnosing and to help the decision-makers, aiming for the improvement\u0000 of a solid waste management index after the improvement of the related services for the population.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Vignesh, R. R. Nevas, S. Ruban, C. Ramesh, B. Gowtham
Concrete is a composite material, made up of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. Cement is a basic constituent of concrete and it acts as a binding material. A major drawback in cement is that it emits Carbon dioxide in to the environment. Cement industry serves as the primary producer of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas. This project is directed to replace the cement in concrete partially by naturally available agro based materials. Here, the cement in concrete is replaced using banana leaf ash . Banana Leaf ash is finely powdered in to ash of fineness more or less equal to the fineness of cement. It is then added to the concrete mix of grade M25 partially by replacing 10% to the mass of cement. The properties and performance of the concrete (i.e., fresh and hardened properties of concrete) are examined before and after the replacement of banana leaf ash and reported. Workability, which is a property of fresh concrete, is estimated with the help of slump cone test. The workability value obtained for normal conventional concrete is low and with the banana leaf ash replaced concrete is medium workability. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is tested after period of 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. As a result, the compressive strength of the conventional M25 grade concrete at 7, 14 and 28 days are found to be 16.75Nmm-2, 20.17Nmm-2 and 23.41Nmm-2 whereas for concrete with banana leaf ash, the compressive strength is found to be 9.385 Nmm-2, 16.855 Nmm-2 and 26.37Nmm-2 . The increase in strength in banana leaf ash concrete at 28 th day is found to be 12.64%. The replacement of Banana leaf ash in concrete deteriorates the carbon emission and it is also a type of waste management.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Slump and Strength Properties of Concrete by Replacement of Cement Using Banana Leaf Ash","authors":"R. Vignesh, R. R. Nevas, S. Ruban, C. Ramesh, B. Gowtham","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.482","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a composite material, made up of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. Cement is a basic constituent of concrete and it acts as a binding material. A major drawback in cement is that it emits Carbon dioxide in to the environment. Cement industry serves as the primary\u0000 producer of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas. This project is directed to replace the cement in concrete partially by naturally available agro based materials. Here, the cement in concrete is replaced using banana leaf ash . Banana Leaf ash is finely powdered in to ash of fineness more\u0000 or less equal to the fineness of cement. It is then added to the concrete mix of grade M25 partially by replacing 10% to the mass of cement. The properties and performance of the concrete (i.e., fresh and hardened properties of concrete) are examined before and after the replacement of banana\u0000 leaf ash and reported. Workability, which is a property of fresh concrete, is estimated with the help of slump cone test. The workability value obtained for normal conventional concrete is low and with the banana leaf ash replaced concrete is medium workability. The compressive strength of\u0000 concrete cubes is tested after period of 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. As a result, the compressive strength of the conventional M25 grade concrete at 7, 14 and 28 days are found to be 16.75Nmm-2, 20.17Nmm-2 and 23.41Nmm-2 whereas for concrete with banana leaf\u0000 ash, the compressive strength is found to be 9.385 Nmm-2, 16.855 Nmm-2 and 26.37Nmm-2 . The increase in strength in banana leaf ash concrete at 28 th day is found to be 12.64%. The replacement of Banana leaf ash in concrete deteriorates the carbon emission\u0000 and it is also a type of waste management.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43009176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Neto, N. S. A. Júnior, V. S. Santos, B. B. Mariani, Diana Dayse Mariano de Albuquerque, D. V. Ribeiro
The reuse of waste generated in several industrial processes through the development of new materials for civil construction has been shown to be a viable alternative to meet environmental issues. New products can be developed that satisfy the expected performance and durability requirements while including this material. The main starting point for the development of projects that seek the safe use of these wastes is an extensive characterization. Unreacted Ore Waste (UOW), a waste generated during the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), was characterized in terms of its physical, chemical, mineralogical, environmental, and radiological, as well as thermal properties. There is currently no effective reuse plan for UOW and it is disposed of in industrial landfills. From the characterization, possible routes for using UOW are identified, such as its addition to mortars with photocatalytic potential, and its use as a raw material in the production of Portland cement and ceramic materials.
{"title":"Characterization of Waste from the Production of Titanium Dioxide (UOW) for Reuse in Other Processes","authors":"J. A. Neto, N. S. A. Júnior, V. S. Santos, B. B. Mariani, Diana Dayse Mariano de Albuquerque, D. V. Ribeiro","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.590","url":null,"abstract":"The reuse of waste generated in several industrial processes through the development of new materials for civil construction has been shown to be a viable alternative to meet environmental issues. New products can be developed that satisfy the expected performance and durability requirements\u0000 while including this material. The main starting point for the development of projects that seek the safe use of these wastes is an extensive characterization. Unreacted Ore Waste (UOW), a waste generated during the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2), was characterized in terms\u0000 of its physical, chemical, mineralogical, environmental, and radiological, as well as thermal properties. There is currently no effective reuse plan for UOW and it is disposed of in industrial landfills. From the characterization, possible routes for using UOW are identified, such as its addition\u0000 to mortars with photocatalytic potential, and its use as a raw material in the production of Portland cement and ceramic materials.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44364924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statement of Novelty: This study analyzes the influence of the washing process and the calcination temperature on the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of SCBA. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA). The ashes were obtained by calcination of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a waste product generated by the sugar and alcohol industry, at temperatures of 500°C, 600° C and 700°C, and the influence of this calcination on the pozzolanic activity of SCBA. The techniques used to characterize these ashes include helium gas picnometry, sedigraphy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The evaluation of the pozzolanicity of these ashes was carried according to chemical titration method as proposed by Fratini, modified Chapelle method and finally using the pozzolanic activity index (PAI) with cement. The results showed that the SCBA presented high pozzolanicity, regardless of the calcination temperature.
{"title":"The Effect of the Calcination Temperature on the Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) for Use As Pozzolan","authors":"T. A. Santos, Raquel Arraes Argolo, D. V. Ribeiro","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.546","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of Novelty: This study analyzes the influence of the washing process and the calcination temperature on the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of SCBA. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the morphological, physical, chemical\u0000 and mineralogical characteristics of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA). The ashes were obtained by calcination of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a waste product generated by the sugar and alcohol industry, at temperatures of 500°C, 600° C and 700°C, and the influence of this calcination\u0000 on the pozzolanic activity of SCBA. The techniques used to characterize these ashes include helium gas picnometry, sedigraphy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The evaluation of the\u0000 pozzolanicity of these ashes was carried according to chemical titration method as proposed by Fratini, modified Chapelle method and finally using the pozzolanic activity index (PAI) with cement. The results showed that the SCBA presented high pozzolanicity, regardless of the calcination temperature.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41653810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. D. Campello, R. Barros, G. L. T. Filho, Ivan Felipe Silva dos Santos
This study aimed to evaluate the potential for electricity generating of biogas from anaerobic digestion of sewage and sewage sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Four different methodologies for determining the volume of biogas produced were considered. Estimates of biogas production used actual data of the volume of treated sewage and population reached by this WWTP with sewage as presented in a report by the local authority. The results indicate some discrepancies between the methodologies employed, but in general, they all suggest a potential of electric power generation at the same order of magnitude. The most divergent results were those in which the methodologies were applied to municipalities with a population of over 250,000 inhabitants.
{"title":"Potential for Generation of Electrical Energy from Biogas Produced in the Anaerobic Treatment of Sewage Through Different Methodologies","authors":"L. D. Campello, R. Barros, G. L. T. Filho, Ivan Felipe Silva dos Santos","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.579","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the potential for electricity generating of biogas from anaerobic digestion of sewage and sewage sludge in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Four different methodologies for determining the volume of biogas produced\u0000 were considered. Estimates of biogas production used actual data of the volume of treated sewage and population reached by this WWTP with sewage as presented in a report by the local authority. The results indicate some discrepancies between the methodologies employed, but in general, they\u0000 all suggest a potential of electric power generation at the same order of magnitude. The most divergent results were those in which the methodologies were applied to municipalities with a population of over 250,000 inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48720902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Orjuela-Garzon, J. Rincón-Moreno, J. J. Méndez-Arteaga
The management of electronic waste (e-waste) mainly from televisions and computers, has turned into an environmental issue due to the increased demand in the electronics sector and the highly toxic contents (mercury, lead, or cadmium) of some of these devices that make them almost unrecoverable. Therefore, these valuable devices become wastes disposed of in landfills. Worldwide, some scholars have proposed recycling methods that re-introduce these wastes streams in the manufacturing process of heavy concrete, pavement, concrete blocks, and clay bricks among other unconventional products. The replacement rates of virgin materials with recycled e-waste fluctuate according to the type of waste. Nevertheless, the use of e-waste generates a positive environmental impact due to the less demand for virgin materials such as river sand and gravel. This study aimed to review the current e-waste recycling state-of-the-art such as circuit boards (PCB), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), cathode ray tube (CRT), and LCD screens. A systematic review of scientific literature published in the last 10 years (2010–2019) was done through the SCOPUS database. The results showed a maximum potential replacement rate of 40% for this type of waste, given the effect on the physical and thermomechanical properties of the concrete.
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