This study examines the average commercial office waste profile by region and by program type. The regions included in this study, including New York, the Mid Atlantic, California and others, had different recycling/composting program mandates. Within regions, building waste diversion programs differed as well. The results of the review reflect some differences in the success of the diversion programs utilized: single stream recycling, multi stream recycling and with or without organics programs. Over 100 waste audit results were compiled representing commercial office waste prior to the changes in the commercial real estate and waste industries during the COVID 19 pandemic.
{"title":"Waste Characterization Study of Pre-Covid-19 Commercial Office Buildings","authors":"Anna Dengler, Liz Arrigo, R. Fuller","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.294","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the average commercial office waste profile by region and by program type. The regions included in this study, including New York, the Mid Atlantic, California and others, had different recycling/composting program mandates. Within regions, building waste diversion\u0000 programs differed as well. The results of the review reflect some differences in the success of the diversion programs utilized: single stream recycling, multi stream recycling and with or without organics programs. Over 100 waste audit results were compiled representing commercial office\u0000 waste prior to the changes in the commercial real estate and waste industries during the COVID 19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael-Agwuoke, Macbeda Uche, Jacqueline L. Whalley, L. Chile, P. Sallis
Developments in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems depend on socio-cultural, political, economic, and environmental issues. The ability to assess and evaluate the level and nature of these relationships plays a critical role in measuring the performance level vis-à-vis sustainability of waste management systems. The current criteria adopted for assessing waste management performance do not capture an accurate and comprehensive representation of MSWM scenarios from collection to disposal. Hence the methodologies do not accurately measure the level of impacts resulting from waste management systems or, indirectly, the environmental, economic, social, and cultural costs of MSWM. This research develops a waste management performance assessment protocol that captures all relevant components of waste management processes. The methodology is based on emission as the indicator of choice for assessing the performance of a city-wide or regional waste management system. The study developed a framework, Comprehensive Emission Quantification Model (CEQ-Model), for measuring the sustainability of the MSWM system hinged on process-based emission modelling. This framework incorporated aspects of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines and Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), framed using carefully selected MSWM scenarios in New Zealand. In a ranked cumulative emission quantification assessment of four Territorial Authorities (TA), the research determined the performance level of each TA relative to others. Auckland Council, with a total emission of 4.272x1012 KgCO2-e generated from disposing of 2,425,022 tonnes of waste, was the most unsustainable territory, followed by Rotorua District with total emission of 6.666x10 10 KgCO2-e from 45,000 tonnes of waste, and Waikato District with emission of 5.380x10 10 KgCO2-e from 29,796 tonnes. In comparison, the most sustainable TA is Opotiki District with total emission of 2.314x10 9 KgCO2-e from 1,450 tonnes of waste, giving emission per tonne of waste per year as 1.762 GgCO2-e, 1.806 GgCO2-e, 1.6 GgCO2-e, and 1.481 GgCO2-e for Auckland Council, Waikato District, Opotiki District, and Rotorua District respectively.
{"title":"Process-Based Emission Modelling for Sustainability Assessment in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study","authors":"Michael-Agwuoke, Macbeda Uche, Jacqueline L. Whalley, L. Chile, P. Sallis","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.182","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems depend on socio-cultural, political, economic, and environmental issues. The ability to assess and evaluate the level and nature of these relationships plays a critical role in measuring the performance level vis-à-vis\u0000 sustainability of waste management systems. The current criteria adopted for assessing waste management performance do not capture an accurate and comprehensive representation of MSWM scenarios from collection to disposal. Hence the methodologies do not accurately measure the level of impacts\u0000 resulting from waste management systems or, indirectly, the environmental, economic, social, and cultural costs of MSWM. This research develops a waste management performance assessment protocol that captures all relevant components of waste management processes. The methodology is based on\u0000 emission as the indicator of choice for assessing the performance of a city-wide or regional waste management system. The study developed a framework, Comprehensive Emission Quantification Model (CEQ-Model), for measuring the sustainability of the MSWM system hinged on process-based emission\u0000 modelling. This framework incorporated aspects of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines and Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), framed using carefully selected MSWM scenarios in New Zealand. In a ranked cumulative emission quantification assessment of four Territorial Authorities\u0000 (TA), the research determined the performance level of each TA relative to others. Auckland Council, with a total emission of 4.272x1012 KgCO2-e generated from disposing of 2,425,022 tonnes of waste, was the most unsustainable territory, followed by Rotorua District with\u0000 total emission of 6.666x10 10 KgCO2-e from 45,000 tonnes of waste, and Waikato District with emission of 5.380x10 10 KgCO2-e from 29,796 tonnes. In comparison, the most sustainable TA is Opotiki District with total emission of 2.314x10 9 KgCO2-e from 1,450\u0000 tonnes of waste, giving emission per tonne of waste per year as 1.762 GgCO2-e, 1.806 GgCO2-e, 1.6 GgCO2-e, and 1.481 GgCO2-e for Auckland Council, Waikato District, Opotiki District, and Rotorua District respectively.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43778423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamely Cristine Floriani, L. Chiarello, T. Porto, V. Wiggers
One challenge to recover the energy content in wastes is the heterogeneity. The thermal processes are being preferable choices to produce energy from the refuse derived fuel (RDF). Incineration is the technique most used; gasification and pyrolysis are also being studied as alternatives. In Brazil, the residues are classified as municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial solid wastes (ISW) and present different management rules and goes to different landfills. To define thermochemical conversion processes for energy recovery it is crucial the knowledge of RDF properties. The physical and chemical properties of the RDF vary with the composition and it is a complex variable to deal. This work aims to perform a characterization to determine the composition, physical and chemical properties of the ISW received in an industrial landfill of southern Brazil. Moisture, total solids, fixed solids and volatile solids, flash point, bulk density, low heating values, high heating values were performed with the sample after secondary shredding. While carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, metals, nonmetals and semimetals, volatile organic compounds were carried out with the samples obtained after tertiary shredding. The results show moisture, low heating value and bulk density have an average of 16.08±4.03, 17.16±4.69 MJ/kg, and 340±3.00 kg/m3, respectively. All RDF from ISW studied indicates the possibility of combustion without additional fuel according to Tanner diagram. Highlights: Different samples of industrial solid wastes (ISW) were investigated; Quantitative and qualitative composition of ISW sample was determined; Samples of ISW were shredded and quartered before analysis; Moisture, proximate analysis, HHV, CHNOS and VOC were evaluated.
{"title":"Physical and Chemical Characterization of a Refuse Derived Fuel from an Isw in a Landfill Located of Southern Brazil","authors":"Tamely Cristine Floriani, L. Chiarello, T. Porto, V. Wiggers","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.270","url":null,"abstract":"One challenge to recover the energy content in wastes is the heterogeneity. The thermal processes are being preferable choices to produce energy from the refuse derived fuel (RDF). Incineration is the technique most used; gasification and pyrolysis are also being studied as alternatives.\u0000 In Brazil, the residues are classified as municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial solid wastes (ISW) and present different management rules and goes to different landfills. To define thermochemical conversion processes for energy recovery it is crucial the knowledge of RDF properties. The\u0000 physical and chemical properties of the RDF vary with the composition and it is a complex variable to deal. This work aims to perform a characterization to determine the composition, physical and chemical properties of the ISW received in an industrial landfill of southern Brazil. Moisture,\u0000 total solids, fixed solids and volatile solids, flash point, bulk density, low heating values, high heating values were performed with the sample after secondary shredding. While carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, metals, nonmetals and semimetals, volatile organic compounds were\u0000 carried out with the samples obtained after tertiary shredding. The results show moisture, low heating value and bulk density have an average of 16.08±4.03, 17.16±4.69 MJ/kg, and 340±3.00 kg/m3, respectively. All RDF from ISW\u0000 studied indicates the possibility of combustion without additional fuel according to Tanner diagram. Highlights: Different samples of industrial solid wastes (ISW) were investigated; Quantitative and qualitative composition of ISW sample was determined; Samples of ISW were shredded and quartered\u0000 before analysis; Moisture, proximate analysis, HHV, CHNOS and VOC were evaluated.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45929866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treating organic wastes using a combination of mechanical biological treatment (MBT) and anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established process in Europe. In 2010 the UK was considered under resourced with respect to its per capita AD capacity, suggesting a significant prospect for plants in the UK. The ratio of plants then treating municipal solid waste (MSW) compared to biowaste, has changed in the past 10-15 years from favouring biowaste plants to plants treating residual MSW (rMSW). Contractors need to be aware of the parameters that impact on the performance of an MBT AD plant. To identify the key parameters, a review of available information on plant operational performance was undertaken using a wide range of sources. Operational parameters for AD processes are well-documented and provide key process design factors when designing a plant. Consolidation of the information obtained was assessed and a list of problems/solutions compiled that could be reviewed when considering a potential EPC contract. The 2010 list of identified problems has been compared to the current literature discussing the operational performance of MBT AD plants, to see if the issues have been resolved, continue to be a problem, or new issues have arisen.
{"title":"MBT Organic Waste Treatment: Lessons Learnt","authors":"Eur Ing, P. McKendry","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.217","url":null,"abstract":"Treating organic wastes using a combination of mechanical biological treatment (MBT) and anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established process in Europe. In 2010 the UK was considered under resourced with respect to its per capita AD capacity, suggesting a significant prospect for plants\u0000 in the UK. The ratio of plants then treating municipal solid waste (MSW) compared to biowaste, has changed in the past 10-15 years from favouring biowaste plants to plants treating residual MSW (rMSW). Contractors need to be aware of the parameters that impact on the performance of an MBT\u0000 AD plant. To identify the key parameters, a review of available information on plant operational performance was undertaken using a wide range of sources. Operational parameters for AD processes are well-documented and provide key process design factors when designing a plant. Consolidation\u0000 of the information obtained was assessed and a list of problems/solutions compiled that could be reviewed when considering a potential EPC contract. The 2010 list of identified problems has been compared to the current literature discussing the operational performance of MBT AD plants, to\u0000 see if the issues have been resolved, continue to be a problem, or new issues have arisen.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41780331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adaptation of traditional linear economic system for electrical electronic equipment (EEE) has a significant impact on the active use time and the rate of electronic waste (e-waste) generation. The management of e-waste requires an understanding of the quantity and rate of transition of EEE to electronic waste (e-waste). This study used data generated from household survey to develop a life time model which reflects the specific reuse (often with repair and refurbishment) traditions common in developing countries and discusses how these influence ewaste generation – using Nigeria as a case study. The repair and reuse tradition in Nigeria deviated from the "linear economies" which often use and dispose electronic devices without co nsidering reuse options. Result shows that 74 % of respondent indicated that faulty EEE could be repaired and reused more than twice before disposal. Lifetime of the studied devices are extended by an average of 11 years for TVs, 9 years for refrigerators, 5 years for laptops, 7 years for desktop computer and 6 years for DVDs when compared to previous lifetime estimate in literature Longer value reuse of EEE is arguably one of the smartest ways to keep materials out of the waste stream and landfill.
{"title":"The Role of Repair and Refurbishment in Extending Lifetime of Electrical Electronic Equipment in Nigeria","authors":"O. Odeyingbo, C. P. Baldé","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.55","url":null,"abstract":"The adaptation of traditional linear economic system for electrical electronic equipment (EEE) has a significant impact on the active use time and the rate of electronic waste (e-waste) generation. The management of e-waste requires an understanding of the quantity and rate of transition\u0000 of EEE to electronic waste (e-waste). This study used data generated from household survey to develop a life time model which reflects the specific reuse (often with repair and refurbishment) traditions common in developing countries and discusses how these influence ewaste generation –\u0000 using Nigeria as a case study. The repair and reuse tradition in Nigeria deviated from the \"linear economies\" which often use and dispose electronic devices without co nsidering reuse options. Result shows that 74 % of respondent indicated that faulty EEE could be repaired and reused more\u0000 than twice before disposal. Lifetime of the studied devices are extended by an average of 11 years for TVs, 9 years for refrigerators, 5 years for laptops, 7 years for desktop computer and 6 years for DVDs when compared to previous lifetime estimate in literature Longer value reuse of EEE\u0000 is arguably one of the smartest ways to keep materials out of the waste stream and landfill.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43942125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Alabi, O. T. Olurin, A. Adetoyinbo, A. S. Ogungbe, J. Coker, A. O. Adewale, A.J. Aladegboye, S. Kadiri
Subsurface information of an abandoned dumpsite at Saje Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria was investigated using geophysical and geotechnical methods (ES). The combination of four traverses measured at 5 m constant sampling interval using to determine its suitability to host engineering structure (ES). Dipole-dipole configuration and Eight Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) were carried out. Laboratory tests were performed on eight samples obtained from 1 m depth to determine particle size distribution, Atterberg limit, compaction limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), specific gravity and moisture content. The resulting sounding curve include the AH, KH, HKH and H and maximum of five geo-electric sub-surface layers were revealed. The geoelectric result showed VES 3 and VES 5 as having layers composed of fractured basement and clayey sand offer weak support for ES. Traverse 1 and 4 from 2D ERT have reasonable linearity in the topsoil which is mechanically stable in supporting shallow foundation of ES. All soil samples were mechanically stable as revealed by the CBR test analysis, except L6 which has a low load-bearing ratio. Areas within Traverse 3 are unsuitable for ES without excavation and reinforcement. The study area is suitable to host ES except around VES 3 and VES 5 that need reinforcement.
{"title":"Site Characterization of an Abandoned Dumpsite for Engineering Purposes Using Integrated Techniques","authors":"A. A. Alabi, O. T. Olurin, A. Adetoyinbo, A. S. Ogungbe, J. Coker, A. O. Adewale, A.J. Aladegboye, S. Kadiri","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.124","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface information of an abandoned dumpsite at Saje Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria was investigated using geophysical and geotechnical methods (ES). The combination of four traverses measured at 5 m constant sampling interval using to determine its suitability to host engineering\u0000 structure (ES). Dipole-dipole configuration and Eight Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) were carried out. Laboratory tests were performed on eight samples obtained from 1 m depth to determine particle size distribution, Atterberg limit, compaction limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), specific\u0000 gravity and moisture content. The resulting sounding curve include the AH, KH, HKH and H and maximum of five geo-electric sub-surface layers were revealed. The geoelectric result showed VES 3 and VES 5 as having layers composed of fractured basement and clayey sand offer weak support for ES.\u0000 Traverse 1 and 4 from 2D ERT have reasonable linearity in the topsoil which is mechanically stable in supporting shallow foundation of ES. All soil samples were mechanically stable as revealed by the CBR test analysis, except L6 which has a low load-bearing ratio. Areas within Traverse 3 are\u0000 unsuitable for ES without excavation and reinforcement. The study area is suitable to host ES except around VES 3 and VES 5 that need reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44589172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhibo Tong, Zhaojun Tan, Jiang Wang, Jingting Sun, Dan Zhou
To prepare calcium carbonate with reduced particle size and single vaterite phase based on the mineral carbonation technology of steel slag, preparation of calcium carbonate in system was studied by using two and three-stage bubbling carbonation under different reaction pH values and stirring conditions in the presence of ultrasound in this paper. The results show that the calcium carbonate has already gathered and the particles are small and clearly defined when the first aging pH value is 9.0. With the decrease of pH value, the particle size of calcium carbonate increases significantly with more than one peak in the particle size distribution curve, the particle surface tends to be smooth, and the calcite content increases gradually. However, the two-stage bubbling carbonation process can reduce the particle size significantly and is applicable to the system. Different stirring conditions have no significant influence on calcium content, pH value, or phase, which is mainly composed of vaterite and calcite in twostage carbonation, while the stirring in the aging stage will increase the particle size of calcium carbonate. Base on the results of the two-stage carbonization reaction, the three-stage bubbling carbonation is proposed and the calcium carbonate prepared is all single vaterite type, and its size and the agglomeration between the particles are also significantly reduced, and the stirring also has no significant influence. The formation mechanism of two and three stage bubbling carbonation reaction was also discussed.
{"title":"Preparation of Calcium Carbonate by Three-Stage Bubbling Carbonation in CaCl2-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O SYSTEM","authors":"Zhibo Tong, Zhaojun Tan, Jiang Wang, Jingting Sun, Dan Zhou","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"To prepare calcium carbonate with reduced particle size and single vaterite phase based on the mineral carbonation technology of steel slag, preparation of calcium carbonate in system was studied by using two and three-stage bubbling carbonation under different reaction pH values and\u0000 stirring conditions in the presence of ultrasound in this paper. The results show that the calcium carbonate has already gathered and the particles are small and clearly defined when the first aging pH value is 9.0. With the decrease of pH value, the particle size of calcium carbonate increases\u0000 significantly with more than one peak in the particle size distribution curve, the particle surface tends to be smooth, and the calcite content increases gradually. However, the two-stage bubbling carbonation process can reduce the particle size significantly and is applicable to the system.\u0000 Different stirring conditions have no significant influence on calcium content, pH value, or phase, which is mainly composed of vaterite and calcite in twostage carbonation, while the stirring in the aging stage will increase the particle size of calcium carbonate. Base on the results of the\u0000 two-stage carbonization reaction, the three-stage bubbling carbonation is proposed and the calcium carbonate prepared is all single vaterite type, and its size and the agglomeration between the particles are also significantly reduced, and the stirring also has no significant influence. The\u0000 formation mechanism of two and three stage bubbling carbonation reaction was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41410937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waste prevention and management especially in Africa has for decades posited serious environmental challenges such as water, land and air pollution. This research seeks to address a scenario of profiling waste types and design intervention stimulating behavioral change and designs solid municipal waste prevention programme with limited economic resources in mind to arrive at the maximum environmental impact prevention within the municipal solid waste life cycle. A methodology employing cross-sectional and multi-stage simple random sampling technique was proposed. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaire. Classical statistical analyses were processed using SPSS19.0 software. The proposed method was helpful profiling households' attitude and measures that should be prioritized as high environmental impact. The impact of online and distance learning programme on the behavioral and municipal waste generation and prevention was profiled. Result indicated that online and distance learning programmes enhance households' knowledge of waste prevention and management.
{"title":"Prioritizing and Optimizing Sustainable Measures for Municipal Solid Waste Prevention and Management Through Online and Distance Learning Approaches","authors":"N. F. Sunday, Onele Monday","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.34","url":null,"abstract":"Waste prevention and management especially in Africa has for decades posited serious environmental challenges such as water, land and air pollution. This research seeks to address a scenario of profiling waste types and design intervention stimulating behavioral change and designs solid\u0000 municipal waste prevention programme with limited economic resources in mind to arrive at the maximum environmental impact prevention within the municipal solid waste life cycle. A methodology employing cross-sectional and multi-stage simple random sampling technique was proposed. Data was\u0000 collected by use of structured questionnaire. Classical statistical analyses were processed using SPSS19.0 software. The proposed method was helpful profiling households' attitude and measures that should be prioritized as high environmental impact. The impact of online and distance learning\u0000 programme on the behavioral and municipal waste generation and prevention was profiled. Result indicated that online and distance learning programmes enhance households' knowledge of waste prevention and management.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waste adversely influences environment, economy, aesthetics and health, so it needs to be managed in order to keep the environment clean, make wise use of resources and protect public health. Hence, this study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities in municipal solid waste management in Shashemene town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling procedure including both probability and non-probability sampling techniques was employed. Data were collected from 166 residential and 34 non-residential areas respondents and analyzed with IBM SPSS and STATA/MP statistical software. Probit binary regression analysis revealed that household awareness, education level and willingness to pay for solid waste management, distance between waste disposal site and residence, and access to waste collectors were significant and positively correlated with effective solid waste management (t-test, p<0.05). Notable among challenges in municipal solid waste management were inadequate collection, transportation and disposal processes whereas, source of recycling and reusing materials, energy and employment considered as opportunities. The study concluded that, there was no single waste management system in place in the town. Therefore, stakeholders need to adopt integrated SWM system. Besides, access to biological and thermal treatment facilities, waste disposal services should be improved in collaboration with and through recognition of stakeholders that build technical, financial and administrative capacity.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Municipal Solid Waste Management: In the Case of Shashemene Town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Mohammedamin Kuluse, A. Gure","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"Waste adversely influences environment, economy, aesthetics and health, so it needs to be managed in order to keep the environment clean, make wise use of resources and protect public health. Hence, this study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities in municipal solid waste\u0000 management in Shashemene town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling procedure including both probability and non-probability sampling techniques was employed. Data were collected from 166 residential and 34 non-residential areas respondents and analyzed with\u0000 IBM SPSS and STATA/MP statistical software. Probit binary regression analysis revealed that household awareness, education level and willingness to pay for solid waste management, distance between waste disposal site and residence, and access to waste collectors were significant and positively\u0000 correlated with effective solid waste management (t-test, p<0.05). Notable among challenges in municipal solid waste management were inadequate collection, transportation and disposal processes whereas, source of recycling and reusing materials, energy and employment considered as opportunities.\u0000 The study concluded that, there was no single waste management system in place in the town. Therefore, stakeholders need to adopt integrated SWM system. Besides, access to biological and thermal treatment facilities, waste disposal services should be improved in collaboration with and through\u0000 recognition of stakeholders that build technical, financial and administrative capacity.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The behavior of shear strength property of municipal solid waste (MSW) during decomposition/degradation was presented in this study. The large-scale direct shear laboratory tests were performed for analyzing the variation in shear properties of fresh to decomposed waste. The physical characteristics, organic content, moisture content at different stages of degradation and increasing age were evaluated for better understanding of the mechanical response. The reduction in the organic fraction from 56% to 16.5% was observed with increase in depth. However, the unit weight increased with the degradation from 6.97 kN/m3 for fresh to 7.05-10.3 kN/m3 for degraded waste. The results obtained from the direct shear test indicated an increase in the angle of internal friction (φ) whereas cohesion (c) did not follow any pattern with degradation of waste. It was further observed that the fresh samples of MSW exhibited lower strength than degraded waste. The shear strength of waste was observed to increase with rise in finer fraction thereby also increasing the unit weight and density of the waste. The mobilized cohesion of waste was observed to vary from 31.9 kPa to 33.4 kPa with an increase in depth till 1.5 m. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the literature and the best fit shear strength parameters for the current study depending upon the degradation of waste was characterized by cohesion value 32.6 kPa and angle of internal friction of 21°.
{"title":"Effect of Degradation of Municipal Solid Waste On the Shear Strength Behavior from a Dump Site In Una Town, Himachal Pradesh","authors":"D. Thakur, R. Ganguly, Ashok Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.147","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of shear strength property of municipal solid waste (MSW) during decomposition/degradation was presented in this study. The large-scale direct shear laboratory tests were performed for analyzing the variation in shear properties of fresh to decomposed waste. The physical\u0000 characteristics, organic content, moisture content at different stages of degradation and increasing age were evaluated for better understanding of the mechanical response. The reduction in the organic fraction from 56% to 16.5% was observed with increase in depth. However, the unit weight\u0000 increased with the degradation from 6.97 kN/m3 for fresh to 7.05-10.3 kN/m3 for degraded waste. The results obtained from the direct shear test indicated an increase in the angle of internal friction (φ) whereas cohesion (c) did not follow any pattern with degradation\u0000 of waste. It was further observed that the fresh samples of MSW exhibited lower strength than degraded waste. The shear strength of waste was observed to increase with rise in finer fraction thereby also increasing the unit weight and density of the waste. The mobilized cohesion of waste was\u0000 observed to vary from 31.9 kPa to 33.4 kPa with an increase in depth till 1.5 m. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the literature and the best fit shear strength parameters for the current study depending upon the degradation of waste was characterized by cohesion value\u0000 32.6 kPa and angle of internal friction of 21°.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45219448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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