Vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has lately emerged as an effective biotechnology for degrading this waste material as source of plant nutrients. Present study attempted to determine the optimum moisture status for such bio-conversion. Vermicomposting of organic waste mixed fly ash under different moisture regimes showed improvement in microbial activity well as different indicators of composting with increase in moisture status of the substrate up to 50-55% moisture content. This was closely followed by 40-45% moisture range. The quality of the product, as assessed by availability of three major plant nutrients, was also found to be superior under these moisture regimes. Maintenance of 40-55% moisture range for facilitating optimum vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has been suggested.
{"title":"Effect of Moisture Status on Vermicomposting of Organic Waste Amended Fly Ash","authors":"G. Roy, W. Iftikar, G. N. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.401","url":null,"abstract":"Vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has lately emerged as an effective biotechnology for degrading this waste material as source of plant nutrients. Present study attempted to determine the optimum moisture status for such bio-conversion. Vermicomposting of organic waste\u0000 mixed fly ash under different moisture regimes showed improvement in microbial activity well as different indicators of composting with increase in moisture status of the substrate up to 50-55% moisture content. This was closely followed by 40-45% moisture range. The quality of the product,\u0000 as assessed by availability of three major plant nutrients, was also found to be superior under these moisture regimes. Maintenance of 40-55% moisture range for facilitating optimum vermicomposting of organic waste amended fly ash has been suggested.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of nanotechnology in cement mortar has added a new dimension to improving the mechanical performance of cementitious materials. Huge amounts of waste silica generated as a byproduct from aluminum fluoride industries poses heavy economic and environmental challenges. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of replacement of cement with waste nano-silicas (NS) on the characteristics of cement mortar mainly the compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, density, and heat of hydration. Cement was replaced with NS with percentage of (0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5%, 4, 6, 8, 10%), with a constant water-to-cement ratio (C/W) of 0.5. Depending on the obtained results, it has been observed that substitution of cement with NS has insignificant adverse impact on the characteristic of the mixture at low content of NS. Slight decrease (5.5%) in the compressive strength occurred at 7 days at low substitution percentage (0.5%), and 11.5% at 28 days. Flexure strength decreased by 23% and 55%, workability increased slightly by 1.33% and 6.8% at substitution percentage of 0.5%, and 2.5% respectively. Also, substitution resulted in significant reduction in the mortar weight up to 18.49% at substitution percentage of 10%, while insignificant impact on the hydration rate was observed for all substitution percentages. It can be concluded that recycling of waste NS in cement mortar mixture provided an attractive option to reduce the impact of waste on the environment, reduce cement consumption, reduce concrete weight, conserve natural resources and save the environment.
{"title":"Recycling of Nano Silica Waste from Aluminum Fluoride Industry in Cement Mortar","authors":"Enas M. Al-mousa, K. Al-Zboon","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.459","url":null,"abstract":"The application of nanotechnology in cement mortar has added a new dimension to improving the mechanical performance of cementitious materials. Huge amounts of waste silica generated as a byproduct from aluminum fluoride industries poses heavy economic and environmental challenges.\u0000 The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of replacement of cement with waste nano-silicas (NS) on the characteristics of cement mortar mainly the compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, density, and heat of hydration. Cement was replaced with NS with percentage\u0000 of (0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5%, 4, 6, 8, 10%), with a constant water-to-cement ratio (C/W) of 0.5. Depending on the obtained results, it has been observed that substitution of cement with NS has insignificant adverse impact on the characteristic of the mixture at low content of NS. Slight decrease (5.5%)\u0000 in the compressive strength occurred at 7 days at low substitution percentage (0.5%), and 11.5% at 28 days. Flexure strength decreased by 23% and 55%, workability increased slightly by 1.33% and 6.8% at substitution percentage of 0.5%, and 2.5% respectively. Also, substitution resulted in\u0000 significant reduction in the mortar weight up to 18.49% at substitution percentage of 10%, while insignificant impact on the hydration rate was observed for all substitution percentages. It can be concluded that recycling of waste NS in cement mortar mixture provided an attractive option to\u0000 reduce the impact of waste on the environment, reduce cement consumption, reduce concrete weight, conserve natural resources and save the environment.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48853217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Makarov, A. Grachev, S. Zabelkin, G. Bikbulatova
Research of the thermal decomposition of Tetra Pak had been done. Thermal analysis of Tetra Pak, cardboard and polyethylene had been done. TG data showed that thermal decomposition of Tetra Pak occurred in three stages: drying and melting of polyethylene occurred at the first stage, at the second stage thermal decomposition of cardboard happened; in the third stage decomposition of polyethylene took place. Fast pyrolysis laboratory scale setup had been done. Experiments on Tetra Pak pyrolysis had been done at temperatures 250, 450 and 650 °C. During the fast pyrolysis of Tetra Pak we can have 30 % liquid products and 45 % solid products which can be used in different applications. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of fast pyrolysis liquid products samples had been done.
{"title":"Fast Pyrolysis of Tetra Pak and Thermal Analysis of Its Components","authors":"A. Makarov, A. Grachev, S. Zabelkin, G. Bikbulatova","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.497","url":null,"abstract":"Research of the thermal decomposition of Tetra Pak had been done. Thermal analysis of Tetra Pak, cardboard and polyethylene had been done. TG data showed that thermal decomposition of Tetra Pak occurred in three stages: drying and melting of polyethylene occurred at the first stage,\u0000 at the second stage thermal decomposition of cardboard happened; in the third stage decomposition of polyethylene took place. Fast pyrolysis laboratory scale setup had been done. Experiments on Tetra Pak pyrolysis had been done at temperatures 250, 450 and 650 °C. During the fast pyrolysis\u0000 of Tetra Pak we can have 30 % liquid products and 45 % solid products which can be used in different applications. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of fast pyrolysis liquid products samples had been done.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46043672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Agbabiaka, Kemi-Hamdat, Olugbodi, Nasifi Shu'aibu Musa, O. Olugbamila
This study examined the solid waste transformation process to promote a recycled based society. Four major waste transformation sites were identified in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Direct physical observation and in-situ key informant discussion were adopted to elicit qualitative data. At the same time, the questionnaire was administered to 194 members of the host communities within 300 meters radius of the transformation sites. The study categorized waste transformation into four cardinal processes (Scavengers/ Resources Recovery; Cart Pushers/ Itinerant Buyer; Metals Scrapers/Recyclers and Composter) and established that the process was left in the hands of the less-educated group in the community. The study reports no statistically significant variation between distance and severity of consequences experienced. However, residents express concern about the consequences of the activities at the transformation sites, including noise pollution, rodents' invasion, scavenging birds' disturbance, and pungent odour, among others, despite having an average of 8 years of residency. The coping strategies by the residents present a firm base for the formulation and execution of environmental management system (EMS) that is acceptable by the locals to promote a recycled based society, thereby contributing to the actualization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1 and 11, reducing poverty and making the community safe, resilient and sustainable.
{"title":"Creating a Recycled Based Society Through Solid Waste Transformation: A Step Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) 1 and 11 in Sub-Saharan African","authors":"H. Agbabiaka, Kemi-Hamdat, Olugbodi, Nasifi Shu'aibu Musa, O. Olugbamila","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.415","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the solid waste transformation process to promote a recycled based society. Four major waste transformation sites were identified in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Direct physical observation and in-situ key informant discussion were adopted to elicit qualitative data.\u0000 At the same time, the questionnaire was administered to 194 members of the host communities within 300 meters radius of the transformation sites. The study categorized waste transformation into four cardinal processes (Scavengers/ Resources Recovery; Cart Pushers/ Itinerant Buyer; Metals Scrapers/Recyclers\u0000 and Composter) and established that the process was left in the hands of the less-educated group in the community. The study reports no statistically significant variation between distance and severity of consequences experienced. However, residents express concern about the consequences of\u0000 the activities at the transformation sites, including noise pollution, rodents' invasion, scavenging birds' disturbance, and pungent odour, among others, despite having an average of 8 years of residency. The coping strategies by the residents present a firm base for the formulation and execution\u0000 of environmental management system (EMS) that is acceptable by the locals to promote a recycled based society, thereby contributing to the actualization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1 and 11, reducing poverty and making the community safe, resilient and sustainable.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46207623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The large generation of biodegradable waste in developing countries, such as Indonesia, has made composters one of the best processing solutions. Kebayoran Lama Market, as one of the central markets in Jakarta province, has a high waste generation due to its 24-hour market activities. This study aims to design Mascot, a compact aerobic composter with practical, hygienic, and easy-to-operate characteristics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed to determine the appropriate material for the composter drum. The parameters measured are physical parameters which are easy to do by the general public. The parameters observed included pH, temperature, material shrinkage, and leachate level. By considering the characteristics of market waste, which has high water content, it was designed to have two main compartments to accommodate compost and leachate. The percentage of compostable volume shrinkage that occurs during the composting process is 61.25%, and the leachate produced is 26.46 liters. The highest temperature of the composting material was 45°C, with a final composting temperature of 31°C. The lowest pH condition occurred 1 day after composting started with a value of 5.5, then the pH value increased gradually until the final composting process (pH 7). The composting process takes 30 days to produce mature compost, while general composting takes 40–60 days to produce mature compost.
{"title":"The Mascot (Market Waste Composter) for Market Waste of Developing Country—case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Nova Ulhasanah, M. Sari, Argiffari Akhmad","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.443","url":null,"abstract":"The large generation of biodegradable waste in developing countries, such as Indonesia, has made composters one of the best processing solutions. Kebayoran Lama Market, as one of the central markets in Jakarta province, has a high waste generation due to its 24-hour market activities.\u0000 This study aims to design Mascot, a compact aerobic composter with practical, hygienic, and easy-to-operate characteristics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was employed to determine the appropriate material for the composter drum. The parameters measured are physical parameters\u0000 which are easy to do by the general public. The parameters observed included pH, temperature, material shrinkage, and leachate level. By considering the characteristics of market waste, which has high water content, it was designed to have two main compartments to accommodate compost and leachate.\u0000 The percentage of compostable volume shrinkage that occurs during the composting process is 61.25%, and the leachate produced is 26.46 liters. The highest temperature of the composting material was 45°C, with a final composting temperature of 31°C. The lowest pH condition occurred\u0000 1 day after composting started with a value of 5.5, then the pH value increased gradually until the final composting process (pH 7). The composting process takes 30 days to produce mature compost, while general composting takes 40–60 days to produce mature compost.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to determine the potential impact of municipal solid waste in Bahir Dar city. The disposal of municipal solid waste in an open dumpsite in Bahir Dar has an environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, and leachate. The quantity of greenhouse gases emitted from the open dumpsite of Bahir Dar city was determined by using IPCC default method. Currently around 148 tons/day waste is generated from Bahir Dar city and from these waste 58% of the waste is disposed into open dump site. From the waste disposal site 46Gg/year of greenhouse gas is emitted. The molecular formula that was determined from organic waste of the city is C24H36O13N. By using this molecular formula of the organic waste, the theoretical oxygen demand becomes 38.75 and then the eutrophication potential of organic waste generated from Bahirdar city was 0.0594 Kg N-equivalent or 59.4g N-equivalent. The average annual leachate resulting from the waste reaches 1,112mm per day. Bahir Dar city should start to implement 3R (Reduction, Reuse and Recycling) solid waste management options in order to reduce potential environmental impacts. For more investigation quantification of the other impacts associated with municipal solid waste is recommended.
{"title":"Potential Impact of Municipal Solid Waste: Case Study of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Misganaw","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.450","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the potential impact of municipal solid waste in Bahir Dar city. The disposal of municipal solid waste in an open dumpsite in Bahir Dar has an environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication, and leachate. The quantity\u0000 of greenhouse gases emitted from the open dumpsite of Bahir Dar city was determined by using IPCC default method. Currently around 148 tons/day waste is generated from Bahir Dar city and from these waste 58% of the waste is disposed into open dump site. From the waste disposal site 46Gg/year\u0000 of greenhouse gas is emitted. The molecular formula that was determined from organic waste of the city is C24H36O13N. By using this molecular formula of the organic waste, the theoretical oxygen demand becomes 38.75 and then the eutrophication potential of\u0000 organic waste generated from Bahirdar city was 0.0594 Kg N-equivalent or 59.4g N-equivalent. The average annual leachate resulting from the waste reaches 1,112mm per day. Bahir Dar city should start to implement 3R (Reduction, Reuse and Recycling) solid waste management options in order to\u0000 reduce potential environmental impacts. For more investigation quantification of the other impacts associated with municipal solid waste is recommended.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48881514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meloidogyne incognita is known to be a foremost pest of carrot in Nigeria. It is a component to appraise in carrot production. Application of synthetic nematicides as control measures is unsafe to humans and detrimental to the environment. Development of safe control process is worthwhile. Effect of three peels (potato, pineapple, orange) and composited soil from municipal refuse dump site was assessed and compared with carbofuran a standard synthetic nematicide at four different doses (0, 1500, 2000, 2500g and 2.0kg/a. i/ha, 1.5kg/a. i/ha, 1.0kg/a. i/ha and 0kg/a. i/ha for carbofuran) on carrot plants. The concentrations of heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn and Fe in the composited soil was determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Experimental pots were inoculated with approximately 2000 M. incognita juveniles, in a randomized complete block design experiment. The composited municipal refuse soil was analysed for the presence of fungi and bacteria using molecular methods based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reproduction and multiplication of M. incognita was significantly (p<0.05) low with all the treatment materials. Best inhibitory effect was observed in the soil of carrot plants treated with composited soil which had 49 nematode populations at harvest rather than 4606 recorded in untreated plants. Equally, heavier carrots were harvested in plants administered with composited soil (1309.6 gram), while the control plants had poor weight (312.7 gram). Performance of each waste material was quantity dependent. Gene sequencing revealed the presence of Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain ATCC 14909, P. putida strain ATCC 12633, P. aeruginosa strain ATCC 10145, Pseudomonas stutzeri NBRC 14165, Acinetobacter venetianus ATCC 31012, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 130047, Streptomyces spp B7-3TC02, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719, Aspergillus niger strain MPVCT 158, Penicillium georgiense strain EV 24 and Rhizopus oryzae strain ATCC 20344, which are beneficial soil microorganisms. The metal concentration analysis of the composited municipal refuse dump soil exhibited low concentrations of heavy metals which ranges from 0.002-1.03 mg/kg with Zinc (Zn) having the highest concentration. The waste materials are cheap and ecofriendly option that can be adopted as soil amendment in M. incognita infested fields to significantly boost yield in carrot production and reduce reliance on mineral fertilizer. The peels, as well as composited municipal refuse dump soil can be used to improve soil properties and substitute lost nutrients to enhance crop production, and at the same time mitigate the environmental consequences of inappropriate waste disposal problems in Nigeria.
{"title":"Application of Composited Municipal Refuse Dump Site Soil, Orange, Potato and Pineapple Peels in the Control of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita) Infecting Carrots (Daucus Carota L.)","authors":"O. Fabiyi","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.474","url":null,"abstract":"Meloidogyne incognita is known to be a foremost pest of carrot in Nigeria. It is a component to appraise in carrot production. Application of synthetic nematicides as control measures is unsafe to humans and detrimental to the environment. Development of safe control process\u0000 is worthwhile. Effect of three peels (potato, pineapple, orange) and composited soil from municipal refuse dump site was assessed and compared with carbofuran a standard synthetic nematicide at four different doses (0, 1500, 2000, 2500g and 2.0kg/a. i/ha, 1.5kg/a. i/ha, 1.0kg/a. i/ha and 0kg/a.\u0000 i/ha for carbofuran) on carrot plants. The concentrations of heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn and Fe in the composited soil was determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Experimental pots were inoculated with approximately 2000 M. incognita juveniles, in\u0000 a randomized complete block design experiment. The composited municipal refuse soil was analysed for the presence of fungi and bacteria using molecular methods based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reproduction and multiplication of M. incognita was significantly (p<0.05) low with all\u0000 the treatment materials. Best inhibitory effect was observed in the soil of carrot plants treated with composited soil which had 49 nematode populations at harvest rather than 4606 recorded in untreated plants. Equally, heavier carrots were harvested in plants administered with composited\u0000 soil (1309.6 gram), while the control plants had poor weight (312.7 gram). Performance of each waste material was quantity dependent. Gene sequencing revealed the presence of Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain ATCC 14909, P. putida strain ATCC 12633, P. aeruginosa strain ATCC\u0000 10145, Pseudomonas stutzeri NBRC 14165, Acinetobacter venetianus ATCC 31012, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 130047, Streptomyces spp B7-3TC02, Bacillus subtilis NBRC 13719, Aspergillus niger strain MPVCT 158, Penicillium georgiense strain EV 24\u0000 and Rhizopus oryzae strain ATCC 20344, which are beneficial soil microorganisms. The metal concentration analysis of the composited municipal refuse dump soil exhibited low concentrations of heavy metals which ranges from 0.002-1.03 mg/kg with Zinc (Zn) having the highest concentration.\u0000 The waste materials are cheap and ecofriendly option that can be adopted as soil amendment in M. incognita infested fields to significantly boost yield in carrot production and reduce reliance on mineral fertilizer. The peels, as well as composited municipal refuse dump soil can be\u0000 used to improve soil properties and substitute lost nutrients to enhance crop production, and at the same time mitigate the environmental consequences of inappropriate waste disposal problems in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a comparative evaluation of bio-augmentation prospects for the management of Segregated Putrescible Municipal Solid Waste (SPMSW) has been carried out. Six parameters under three heads that are Degradability (TOC%, C: N ratio) Nutrient release efficacy (TKN%, E. C. & TK%), and Change in Medium (pH) were examined and results were further analyzed. In comparison to Seeded Microbial Composting (SMC); the Secondary Decomposer Bio-augmentation (SDB) resulted in a greater rate of TOC% degradation, C: N ratio reduction, rise in availability of TKN%, E. C., and TK%. The value observed at the final day of treatment had remarkable difference (0.05% level of significance). Due course of degradation it was observed that pH was reeling towards neutral range in SDB while to the acidic in SMC. In SDB, priming could be the reason of faster, better, and time-efficient manuring than SMC, which is availed by Secondary decomposers that were boosting the decomposition process. In SDB priming could be the reason which has been availed by secondary decomposers that were boosting the decomposition process which exhibited in the form of faster, better, and time-efficient manuring than SMC.
{"title":"Potential Evaluation of Putrescible Municipal Solid Wastes Bio-Augmentation Prospects for Manuring","authors":"S. Pandey, Anid K. Gupta, M. Yunus","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.408","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a comparative evaluation of bio-augmentation prospects for the management of Segregated Putrescible Municipal Solid Waste (SPMSW) has been carried out. Six parameters under three heads that are Degradability (TOC%, C: N ratio) Nutrient release efficacy\u0000 (TKN%, E. C. & TK%), and Change in Medium (pH) were examined and results were further analyzed. In comparison to Seeded Microbial Composting (SMC); the Secondary Decomposer Bio-augmentation (SDB) resulted in a greater rate of TOC% degradation, C: N ratio reduction, rise in availability\u0000 of TKN%, E. C., and TK%. The value observed at the final day of treatment had remarkable difference (0.05% level of significance). Due course of degradation it was observed that pH was reeling towards neutral range in SDB while to the acidic in SMC. In SDB, priming could be the reason of faster,\u0000 better, and time-efficient manuring than SMC, which is availed by Secondary decomposers that were boosting the decomposition process. In SDB priming could be the reason which has been availed by secondary decomposers that were boosting the decomposition process which exhibited in the form\u0000 of faster, better, and time-efficient manuring than SMC.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49511047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. R. Kwenda, G. Lagerwall, S. Eker, Bas J. van Ruijven
Household solid waste (HSW) is the largest municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in Harare. This type of waste is poorly managed, driven by various factors. To inform future studies towards designing more informed solutions to HSW management in the city, this literature study was formulated. The review aims to uncover the causes of poor HSW management in the city. The systematic review methodology using NVIVO was used to develop the review. The results showed that the most reported causes of poor HSW management and waste management system inefficiencies in Harare are increase in population and population density, poor formal solid waste disposal, increase in waste volumes, informal waste disposal, low waste collection frequency and efficiency, municipal incapacitation, among others. Future studies can utilize these results to estimate the complexity of this phenomenon and thus propose appropriate solutions.
{"title":"A Mini-Review on the Causes of Poor Household Solid Waste Management in Low-income Developing Countries: a Case Study of Urban Harare City, Zimbabwe","authors":"P. R. Kwenda, G. Lagerwall, S. Eker, Bas J. van Ruijven","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.375","url":null,"abstract":"Household solid waste (HSW) is the largest municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in Harare. This type of waste is poorly managed, driven by various factors. To inform future studies towards designing more informed solutions to HSW management in the city, this literature study was formulated.\u0000 The review aims to uncover the causes of poor HSW management in the city. The systematic review methodology using NVIVO was used to develop the review. The results showed that the most reported causes of poor HSW management and waste management system inefficiencies in Harare are\u0000 increase in population and population density, poor formal solid waste disposal, increase in waste volumes, informal waste disposal, low waste collection frequency and efficiency, municipal incapacitation, among others. Future studies can utilize these results to estimate the complexity of\u0000 this phenomenon and thus propose appropriate solutions.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miriam Rodrigues Iuama, Fernanda Gomes Leite, Nathália R C M Castanho, Victória Soares Soeiro, G. R. dos Santos, D. Grotto, M. Gerenutti, A. Jozala
The present study aimed production and evaluation of ecological bricks composed of spent mushroom substrate, in order to propose an alternative material in the scope of civil construction, which would reduce environmental problems related to its production. For this reason, spent mushroom substrate, an agro-waste discarded in the environment after mushroom harvest was evaluated to produce ecological bricks. The brick with spent mushroom substrate has a compression capacity of 0.8 MPa, while the standard brick, without spent mushroom substrate, has a resistance of 2.6 MPa, due to its porosity. The most abundant chemical element found was calcium and toxic elements were not detected. The greatest water absorption occurred in bricks made with spent mushroom substrate. Although water resistance and absorption are below the recommendations of building construction standards, the spent mushroom substrate bricks could be applied as sealing material and its production process reduced the consumption of raw materials, energy, water and the emission of pollutants.
{"title":"Development of Ecobrick Utilizing an Agrowaste Composed of Spent Lentinula Edodes Substrate","authors":"Miriam Rodrigues Iuama, Fernanda Gomes Leite, Nathália R C M Castanho, Victória Soares Soeiro, G. R. dos Santos, D. Grotto, M. Gerenutti, A. Jozala","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.280","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed production and evaluation of ecological bricks composed of spent mushroom substrate, in order to propose an alternative material in the scope of civil construction, which would reduce environmental problems related to its production. For this reason, spent mushroom\u0000 substrate, an agro-waste discarded in the environment after mushroom harvest was evaluated to produce ecological bricks. The brick with spent mushroom substrate has a compression capacity of 0.8 MPa, while the standard brick, without spent mushroom substrate, has a resistance of 2.6 MPa, due\u0000 to its porosity. The most abundant chemical element found was calcium and toxic elements were not detected. The greatest water absorption occurred in bricks made with spent mushroom substrate. Although water resistance and absorption are below the recommendations of building construction standards,\u0000 the spent mushroom substrate bricks could be applied as sealing material and its production process reduced the consumption of raw materials, energy, water and the emission of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45163895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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