Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.40
Khadijeh Mirza, Shireen Al-Majmaie
In this work, the effect of age, gender, monthly income, and education level on the waste sorting behavior (WSB) of 163 employees and students at the Soran University of Kurdistan in Iraq was investigated. Also, respondents' opinions were collected regarding government policies for waste sorting (WS) and increasing people's awareness. The results showed that WSB improves with age. Also, women categorize garbage more than men. No significant correlation was observed between monthly income and education level with WSB. Although 77% of the respondents are willing to participate in WS activities, only 28% of them sort their waste. They consider the main reason for not separating waste to be the lack of special facilities for WS and recycling in most areas of Kurdistan, and few people consider WS tiring and timeconsuming. 75% of the respondents believe that the government's efforts to increase the environmental awareness of citizens are insufficient. This result is consistent with the fact that WS is an unconventional behaviour in Kurdistan.
{"title":"Influencing Factors on Waste Sorting Behaviour at Soran University in Kurdistan, Iraq","authors":"Khadijeh Mirza, Shireen Al-Majmaie","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.40","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of age, gender, monthly income, and education level on the waste sorting behavior (WSB) of 163 employees and students at the Soran University of Kurdistan in Iraq was investigated. Also, respondents' opinions were collected regarding government policies for\u0000 waste sorting (WS) and increasing people's awareness. The results showed that WSB improves with age. Also, women categorize garbage more than men. No significant correlation was observed between monthly income and education level with WSB. Although 77% of the respondents are willing to participate\u0000 in WS activities, only 28% of them sort their waste. They consider the main reason for not separating waste to be the lack of special facilities for WS and recycling in most areas of Kurdistan, and few people consider WS tiring and timeconsuming. 75% of the respondents believe that the government's\u0000 efforts to increase the environmental awareness of citizens are insufficient. This result is consistent with the fact that WS is an unconventional behaviour in Kurdistan.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45050009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.32
K. SowmyaLakshmi, N. Munilakshmi
Dyes are extensively used in industries. Dye color in water courses reduces photosynthetic activity which further affects the aquatic life. It also causes skin cancer and allergies to human beings. It's imperative to remove dye color from an aqueous dye solution. The objective of the present study is to find the efficiency of low-cost organic adsorbents in the decolorization of Color Index Acid blue 45 dye from an aqueous solution. The organic adsorbents used in the present study are Gigantea Leaves (GL), Curcuma Longa Leaves (CLL), Moringa Oleifera (MO) and Citrus Sinensis (CS). The study consists of nonagitated flow experiments at optimum pH with varying dosages and contact time. The results showed that excellent color removal of dye can be achieved with adsorbents at optimum pH of 4 with Gigantea Leaves of 85%, good color removal of 78% and 76% with Curcuma Longa Leaves and Moringa Oleifera, and, moderate color removal of 53% with Citrus Sinensis. The isothermal equilibrium sorption data was well fitted into the Freundlich Isotherm. Kinetic studies states that chemisorption is the rate limiting step. Gigantea leaves, Curcuma Longa and Moringa Oleifera show great promise in decolorizing aqueous solution of C.I. Acid Blue 45.
染料广泛应用于工业中。河道中的染料颜色会降低光合活性，从而进一步影响水生生物。它还导致皮肤癌症和人类过敏。必须从染料水溶液中去除染料的颜色。本研究的目的是寻找低成本有机吸附剂从水溶液中脱色色指数酸性蓝45染料的效率。本研究中使用的有机吸附剂是巨叶（GL）、姜黄叶（CLL）、辣木（MO）和柑橘（CS）。该研究包括在不同剂量和接触时间的最佳pH下进行的非指性流动实验。结果表明，在最适pH值为4的条件下，Gigantea Leaves对染料的脱色率为85%，Curcuma Longa Leaves和Moringa Oleifera对染料的去除率分别为78%和76%，Citrus Sinensis对染料的中度脱色率为53%。等温平衡吸附数据很好地拟合到Freundlich等温线中。动力学研究表明，化学吸附是速率限制步骤。Gigantea叶、姜黄和辣木在C.I.酸性蓝45水溶液的脱色方面显示出巨大的前景。
{"title":"Decolorization of Acid Dye Using Lowcost Organic Adsorbents","authors":"K. SowmyaLakshmi, N. Munilakshmi","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"Dyes are extensively used in industries. Dye color in water courses reduces photosynthetic activity which further affects the aquatic life. It also causes skin cancer and allergies to human beings. It's imperative to remove dye color from an aqueous dye solution. The objective of the\u0000 present study is to find the efficiency of low-cost organic adsorbents in the decolorization of Color Index Acid blue 45 dye from an aqueous solution. The organic adsorbents used in the present study are Gigantea Leaves (GL), Curcuma Longa Leaves (CLL), Moringa Oleifera (MO) and Citrus Sinensis\u0000 (CS). The study consists of nonagitated flow experiments at optimum pH with varying dosages and contact time. The results showed that excellent color removal of dye can be achieved with adsorbents at optimum pH of 4 with Gigantea Leaves of 85%, good color removal of 78% and 76% with Curcuma\u0000 Longa Leaves and Moringa Oleifera, and, moderate color removal of 53% with Citrus Sinensis. The isothermal equilibrium sorption data was well fitted into the Freundlich Isotherm. Kinetic studies states that chemisorption is the rate limiting step. Gigantea leaves, Curcuma Longa and Moringa\u0000 Oleifera show great promise in decolorizing aqueous solution of C.I. Acid Blue 45.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49023283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.14
S. Ghosh, T. Smirnova, V. Maryev, M. Dineshkumar
The Arctic region is a vast and inhospitable environment that presents significant challenges for waste management. Spanning 27 million Sq. km and shared by eight nations, the region has limited infrastructure and only 11% of waste has been treated properly. The high cost of waste removal in the Arctic, due to logistical and technological constraints, makes the challenge of safe waste management even greater insisting on the need for elaborate research in extracting such resources. Concerning those, this study was conducted to fill this gap by investigating the feasibility of extracting secondary resources from two specific sites: an MSW landfill in Dudinka, Russia and an industrial waste deposition site located in the permafrost zone in the Krasnoyarsk region. The research will evaluate the environmental and ecosystem impacts of these landfills and examine various technical and economic approaches for reclaiming resources from them. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the viability of extracting secondary resources from waste in the Arctic and inform future waste management strategies in the region. By applying the principles of the circular economy, that identifies that the best approach for addressing the waste management problem in Dudinka is the creation of an eco-industrial park for deep processing and manufacturing of products from secondary resources reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal and promote sustainable resource utilization in the permafrost regions.
{"title":"Remediation Process in Landfill in Arctic Region - A Case of Circular Economy","authors":"S. Ghosh, T. Smirnova, V. Maryev, M. Dineshkumar","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic region is a vast and inhospitable environment that presents significant challenges for waste management. Spanning 27 million Sq. km and shared by eight nations, the region has limited infrastructure and only 11% of waste has been treated properly. The high cost of waste removal\u0000 in the Arctic, due to logistical and technological constraints, makes the challenge of safe waste management even greater insisting on the need for elaborate research in extracting such resources. Concerning those, this study was conducted to fill this gap by investigating the feasibility\u0000 of extracting secondary resources from two specific sites: an MSW landfill in Dudinka, Russia and an industrial waste deposition site located in the permafrost zone in the Krasnoyarsk region. The research will evaluate the environmental and ecosystem impacts of these landfills and examine\u0000 various technical and economic approaches for reclaiming resources from them. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the viability of extracting secondary resources from waste in the Arctic and inform future waste management strategies in the region. By applying the\u0000 principles of the circular economy, that identifies that the best approach for addressing the waste management problem in Dudinka is the creation of an eco-industrial park for deep processing and manufacturing of products from secondary resources reducing the environmental impact of waste\u0000 disposal and promote sustainable resource utilization in the permafrost regions.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47561145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.50
I. Rampedi, Kangyang Josiah Miner, A. Ifegbesan
The informal electronic waste recycling sector is a major contributor to livelihoods for a large population of unemployed people in developing countries. However, informal e-waste collectors operate under precarious environments which expose them to health risks which may have lasting impacts on their wellbeing. This survey has analysed e-waste collection, levels of awareness and operational challenges amongst informal e-waste workers in Jos (Nigeria). The study made use of questionnaire-administered interviews and 103 respondents participated in the survey. Most respondents were predominantly men, and majority had high school and tertiary education. Reclaimed e-wastes included electric irons (59.6%) and cables (57.7%); DVDs (49%); as well as TV and radio sets (42.3%). Furthermore, respondents travelled longer distances to access various collection points and buyback centres where their recovered waste items are sold for income-generating purposes. However, respondents also mentioned several illnesses which afflict them, of which body pains (37%) and headaches (46%) were the most frequent. The survey found no statistically significant relationships between respondents in terms of their willingness to recycle e-wastes, participate in improved recycling activities, and the challenges experienced in their daily activities. To overcome some the operational challenges in the informal ewaste activities, a few recommendations have been mentioned.
{"title":"Informal E-waste Recycling and Related Challenges: Evidence from an Exploratory Survey in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Rampedi, Kangyang Josiah Miner, A. Ifegbesan","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.50","url":null,"abstract":"The informal electronic waste recycling sector is a major contributor to livelihoods for a large population of unemployed people in developing countries. However, informal e-waste collectors operate under precarious environments which expose them to health risks which may have lasting\u0000 impacts on their wellbeing. This survey has analysed e-waste collection, levels of awareness and operational challenges amongst informal e-waste workers in Jos (Nigeria). The study made use of questionnaire-administered interviews and 103 respondents participated in the survey. Most respondents\u0000 were predominantly men, and majority had high school and tertiary education. Reclaimed e-wastes included electric irons (59.6%) and cables (57.7%); DVDs (49%); as well as TV and radio sets (42.3%). Furthermore, respondents travelled longer distances to access various collection points and\u0000 buyback centres where their recovered waste items are sold for income-generating purposes. However, respondents also mentioned several illnesses which afflict them, of which body pains (37%) and headaches (46%) were the most frequent. The survey found no statistically significant relationships\u0000 between respondents in terms of their willingness to recycle e-wastes, participate in improved recycling activities, and the challenges experienced in their daily activities. To overcome some the operational challenges in the informal ewaste activities, a few recommendations have been mentioned.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48897693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.62
Hemanth K. J. Kumar, B. S. Gowda, R. Jyothilakshmi, N. Banapurmath
Renewable and sustainable fuel usage in diesel engines ensures energy security and overseas exchange savings besides conveying both socioeconomic and environmental concerns. This research presents experimental work that has been done on single-cylinder, 4-stroke, diesel engine of direct injection run in DF mode using PG derived from sugar cane bagasse renewable and sustainable fuels. A 45° gas venture is designed and developed to provide a stoichiometric mixture of gas and air entry into the intake manifold of the DF engine during suction stroke. A compressed mixture of air and gas is ignited by injecting diesel into the engine cylinder at 205 bar pressure and at different timings of injection. The effect of timing of injection on the DF engine performance is studied by varying it from 23 to 31obtdc in steps of 4obtdc. Experimental investigation showed that 27oBTC resulted in improved BTE with reduced emissions of hydrocarbon, smoke, and CO while NOx, peak pressure increased. It is noticed that the operation of producer gas lowers the power derating by 20% and the DF engine could run up to 80% load with increased nitric oxide (NOx) emissions. The developed DF engine worked satisfactorily with acceptable performance and emission norms and assisted in partially substituting the fossil diesel fuel with a substitution of 60-70% by the PG operation.
{"title":"Performance of Dual-fuel (DF) Engine Powered with the Producer Gas Derived From Sugar Cane Bagasse and Diesel Injection","authors":"Hemanth K. J. Kumar, B. S. Gowda, R. Jyothilakshmi, N. Banapurmath","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.62","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable and sustainable fuel usage in diesel engines ensures energy security and overseas exchange savings besides conveying both socioeconomic and environmental concerns. This research presents experimental work that has been done on single-cylinder, 4-stroke, diesel engine of direct\u0000 injection run in DF mode using PG derived from sugar cane bagasse renewable and sustainable fuels. A 45° gas venture is designed and developed to provide a stoichiometric mixture of gas and air entry into the intake manifold of the DF engine during suction stroke. A compressed mixture\u0000 of air and gas is ignited by injecting diesel into the engine cylinder at 205 bar pressure and at different timings of injection. The effect of timing of injection on the DF engine performance is studied by varying it from 23 to 31obtdc in steps of 4obtdc. Experimental investigation showed\u0000 that 27oBTC resulted in improved BTE with reduced emissions of hydrocarbon, smoke, and CO while NOx, peak pressure increased. It is noticed that the operation of producer gas lowers the power derating by 20% and the DF engine could run up to 80% load with increased nitric oxide (NOx) emissions.\u0000 The developed DF engine worked satisfactorily with acceptable performance and emission norms and assisted in partially substituting the fossil diesel fuel with a substitution of 60-70% by the PG operation.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.73
Mukesh Ghimire, J. Woo, Sudeshana Pandey
Developing countries are still facing severe challenges for providing access to clean energy, managing waste and struggling to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) based waste management technologies have great potential for addressing these challenges. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are the key government's policy and strategic directions for promoting biogas as a multi-beneficiary's product and services in Nepal. Nepal's biogas promotion PPP model and technologies in domestic biogas sector have been replicated in many African and Asian countries. AD based Gobar Gas Company (GGC 2047 model) and Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) based technologies have been promoted for domestic and large applications respectively in wider scale. Comprehensive review and analysis using technological and implementation progress results through government interventions revealed that with the potential of 1.1 million of domestic biogas 433,173 systems have been installed. Quantification of outcomes of AD based technologies revealed that in addition to the energy access to more than 1.8 million people, these significantly contributed for production of gas amounting 456,282 m3 and substituted equivalent 15,578 nos. of LPG cylinders and 2229.91 tons of fertilizer daily. Under Carbon Development Mechanism (CDM), Total 21.20 million USD have been earned as carbon revenue from this sector, which has played significant role for earning revenue from carbon financing. Similarly, Developing Carbon Program for Large Scale Biogas through ITMO (Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes: a new carbon mechanism) is under way. Overall, biogas sector is contributing for country' s energy security and circular economy through replacement of fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers along with the waste management.
发展中国家在提供清洁能源、管理废物和努力实现可持续发展目标(SDG)目标方面仍面临严峻挑战。基于厌氧消化(AD)的废物管理技术具有解决这些挑战的巨大潜力。公私合作伙伴关系(PPP)是尼泊尔政府推动沼气成为多方受益产品和服务的关键政策和战略方向。尼泊尔沼气推广PPP模式和技术在国内沼气领域已被许多非洲和亚洲国家复制。基于AD的Gobar Gas Company (GGC 2047型号)和基于连续搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)的技术分别在国内和大型应用中得到了更广泛的推广。通过政府干预，利用技术和实施进展结果进行全面审查和分析，结果显示，已经安装了433,173套家庭沼气系统，潜力为110万套。基于AD技术的量化结果显示，除了为180多万人提供能源外，这些技术还显著促进了456,282立方米天然气的生产，每天替代了相当于15,578桶液化石油气瓶和2229.91吨化肥。在碳发展机制(CDM)下，该行业累计获得碳收入2120万美元，对碳融资收入发挥了重要作用。同样，通过ITMO制定大规模沼气碳计划(国际转移的减排成果:一种新的碳机制)正在进行中。总的来说，沼气行业通过替代化石燃料和化肥以及废物管理，为国家的能源安全和循环经济做出了贡献。
{"title":"Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Based Waste Management in Nepal: Technologies and Implementation Modalities","authors":"Mukesh Ghimire, J. Woo, Sudeshana Pandey","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/491/2023.73","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries are still facing severe challenges for providing access to clean energy, managing waste and struggling to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets. Anaerobic Digestion (AD) based waste management technologies have great potential for addressing these challenges.\u0000 Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are the key government's policy and strategic directions for promoting biogas as a multi-beneficiary's product and services in Nepal. Nepal's biogas promotion PPP model and technologies in domestic biogas sector have been replicated in many African and Asian\u0000 countries. AD based Gobar Gas Company (GGC 2047 model) and Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) based technologies have been promoted for domestic and large applications respectively in wider scale. Comprehensive review and analysis using technological and implementation progress results\u0000 through government interventions revealed that with the potential of 1.1 million of domestic biogas 433,173 systems have been installed. Quantification of outcomes of AD based technologies revealed that in addition to the energy access to more than 1.8 million people, these significantly contributed\u0000 for production of gas amounting 456,282 m3 and substituted equivalent 15,578 nos. of LPG cylinders and 2229.91 tons of fertilizer daily. Under Carbon Development Mechanism (CDM), Total 21.20 million USD have been earned as carbon revenue from this sector, which has played significant role\u0000 for earning revenue from carbon financing. Similarly, Developing Carbon Program for Large Scale Biogas through ITMO (Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes: a new carbon mechanism) is under way. Overall, biogas sector is contributing for country' s energy security and circular economy\u0000 through replacement of fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers along with the waste management.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43853194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal uptake by plants and the contamination of ground water samples collected from the vicinity of sites of uncontrolled open-burning, dismantling/disposal, stockpiling and dismantling/stockpiling of e-waste, were investigated, seasonally over a period of two years. Samples of two common plants (including Lepistemon owariense, Alchornea cordifolia ) were collected along with the root soil, as well as water samples, from the sites and analysed by standard procedures entailing acid digestion of the samples followed by determination of the metals- Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni with atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that the mean metal contents (mg/kg) in the plants, 9.00- 35.2 Cu; 0.83-175 Pb for dry season and 10.1-101 Cu; 17.6- 300 Pb for wet season, were generally above the WHO limits. The uptake of metals from the soil by plants, expressed in terms of the transfer factor differed from one plant to the other and among plant parts, with Alchornea cordifolia, showing greater mean uptake of Zn, Pb and Cu than Lepistemon owariense from the Ojota site in the dry season. Metal concentrations in the water samples were generally within the WHO limits. Residents should be dissuaded from using these plants for medicinal and/or domestic purposes, because of concerns for human health.
{"title":"Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptake by the Plants and Contamination of Ground Water in the Vicinity of E-Waste Processing Sites in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"J. Owoso, O. Osibanjo","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.560","url":null,"abstract":"Metal uptake by plants and the contamination of ground water samples collected from the vicinity of sites of uncontrolled open-burning, dismantling/disposal, stockpiling and dismantling/stockpiling of e-waste, were investigated, seasonally over a period of two years. Samples of two\u0000 common plants (including Lepistemon owariense, Alchornea cordifolia ) were collected along with the root soil, as well as water samples, from the sites and analysed by standard procedures entailing acid digestion of the samples followed by determination of the metals- Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and\u0000 Ni with atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that the mean metal contents (mg/kg) in the plants, 9.00- 35.2 Cu; 0.83-175 Pb for dry season and 10.1-101 Cu; 17.6- 300 Pb for wet season, were generally above the WHO limits. The uptake of metals from the soil by plants, expressed\u0000 in terms of the transfer factor differed from one plant to the other and among plant parts, with Alchornea cordifolia, showing greater mean uptake of Zn, Pb and Cu than Lepistemon owariense from the Ojota site in the dry season. Metal concentrations in the water samples were generally within\u0000 the WHO limits. Residents should be dissuaded from using these plants for medicinal and/or domestic purposes, because of concerns for human health.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41257791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dahmane Nafia, A. Abdelghani, Bendimerad Salah-Eddine, Chaiba Sid Ahmed, Rais Abdelmajid
In this article, we propose a new approach based on the non-destructive method by eddy currents (EC) to identify the conductivity of millimeter materials. Our work is based on the simulation of different wastes which are chosen in rectangular form. The calculation of the normalized impedance of the sensor on the particles of the waste allowed us to successfully identify the conductivity of the materials. This impedance change with the conductivity of each material can be used in the characterization of the waste materials. An extrapolation based on the linear programming method (LPM) us to estimate the frequency and next to identify the conductivity of new materials introduced in the test. The obtained results of this characterization by LPM are found to be consistent and satisfactory.
{"title":"Electrical Conductivity Identification of Waste Particles Using Eddy-Current","authors":"Dahmane Nafia, A. Abdelghani, Bendimerad Salah-Eddine, Chaiba Sid Ahmed, Rais Abdelmajid","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.525","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose a new approach based on the non-destructive method by eddy currents (EC) to identify the conductivity of millimeter materials. Our work is based on the simulation of different wastes which are chosen in rectangular form. The calculation of the normalized\u0000 impedance of the sensor on the particles of the waste allowed us to successfully identify the conductivity of the materials. This impedance change with the conductivity of each material can be used in the characterization of the waste materials. An extrapolation based on the linear programming\u0000 method (LPM) us to estimate the frequency and next to identify the conductivity of new materials introduced in the test. The obtained results of this characterization by LPM are found to be consistent and satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45771128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. N. Roy, D. Mukherjee, Sanghamitra Kanjilal-Bhaduri, Sonia Nandi, Riyanka Ghosh, Ruby Yogi
Solid waste management is a multidimensional challenge, especially in developing countries like India. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in thirty-two urban local bodies of West Bengal to determine the solid waste generation rate and waste composition based on field surveys covering 5,000 households. The services delivered for solid waste management, the institutional arrangements and the constraints in meeting the prescribed standards have been studied. The level of satisfaction of the citizens and related socio-economic factors were also covered under the study. The collected data was analysed to relate waste generation, composition, segregation and community participation. This study also aimed to contribute to a better understanding of household waste management behaviour by examining solid waste management practices and attitudes. Results from this study will provide inputs to the environmental and waste management planners in their decisions on solid waste segregation and recycling activities in the municipalities and municipal corporations.
{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste Estimation and Management—Challenges and Lessons From Regional Studies of West Bengal (India)","authors":"M. N. Roy, D. Mukherjee, Sanghamitra Kanjilal-Bhaduri, Sonia Nandi, Riyanka Ghosh, Ruby Yogi","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.532","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management is a multidimensional challenge, especially in developing countries like India. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in thirty-two urban local bodies of West Bengal to determine the solid waste generation rate and waste composition based on\u0000 field surveys covering 5,000 households. The services delivered for solid waste management, the institutional arrangements and the constraints in meeting the prescribed standards have been studied. The level of satisfaction of the citizens and related socio-economic factors were also covered\u0000 under the study. The collected data was analysed to relate waste generation, composition, segregation and community participation. This study also aimed to contribute to a better understanding of household waste management behaviour by examining solid waste management practices and attitudes.\u0000 Results from this study will provide inputs to the environmental and waste management planners in their decisions on solid waste segregation and recycling activities in the municipalities and municipal corporations.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcella Prezotto, Mariane Guerra Martins, J. F. D. de Paiva, V. Moris
Amid the growing generation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), there is a long way to go before ideal recycling rates are achieved. This study investigated the consumer behavior and identified what their perception and knowledge about the correctly disposing and recycling WEEE are. Questionnaires were applied for two samples from the population of Sorocaba (Brazil). Sample A was formed by public aged 17 to 62 years old and Sample B was formed by children from 6 to 15 years old attending elementary and middle school. The samples achieved 389 and 515 responses respectively. It was identified that more than 26% of respondents said that they dispose of WEEE with general waste and more than 60% have some unused or broken equipment stored at home, especially mobile phones. Adults tend to explain this accumulation as a reflection of the lack of collection points and convenience, and children reuse the devices as toys. Thus, this study obtained a broad view on consumer behavior, especially when studying a sample made up of children, an audience that is rarely addressed in the literature, but that has direct impact on the future and that can be more easily instructed to adopt pro-environmental behaviors.
{"title":"Investigation of Consumer Behavior in Disposing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment—Perceptions and Difficulties","authors":"Marcella Prezotto, Mariane Guerra Martins, J. F. D. de Paiva, V. Moris","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2022.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.548","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the growing generation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), there is a long way to go before ideal recycling rates are achieved. This study investigated the consumer behavior and identified what their perception and knowledge about the correctly disposing and recycling\u0000 WEEE are. Questionnaires were applied for two samples from the population of Sorocaba (Brazil). Sample A was formed by public aged 17 to 62 years old and Sample B was formed by children from 6 to 15 years old attending elementary and middle school. The samples achieved 389 and 515 responses\u0000 respectively. It was identified that more than 26% of respondents said that they dispose of WEEE with general waste and more than 60% have some unused or broken equipment stored at home, especially mobile phones. Adults tend to explain this accumulation as a reflection of the lack of collection\u0000 points and convenience, and children reuse the devices as toys. Thus, this study obtained a broad view on consumer behavior, especially when studying a sample made up of children, an audience that is rarely addressed in the literature, but that has direct impact on the future and that can\u0000 be more easily instructed to adopt pro-environmental behaviors.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41918162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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