This study investigated the production of pyrolytic oil from cassava peel wastes. Pyrolysis is a very important thermochemical method for converting biomass into biofuel. In recent times, the production of biofuel has taken center stage due to concerns over the sustainability of conventional energy sources. Pyrolysis has received much attention by researchers because it can be used to optimize the production of high calorific value pyrolytic oil. A fixed bed pyrolysing unit was constructed for the production of liquid fuel in this study. Cassava peels were pyrolysed in the reactor. The temperature of reaction was varied to investigate the effect of temperature variation on the product distribution in terms of the percentage weight distribution and the calorific value of the pyrolytic oil. A maximum pyrolytic oil yield of 28.4 wt.% was obtained at 500 °C. The effect of temperature changes on calorific value was also investigated and it was observed that the maximum calorific value of 29.7 MJ/kg was obtained at 600°C.
{"title":"Production of Pyrolytic Oil from Cassava Peel Wastes","authors":"B. Adeboye, S. Obayopo, A. Asere, I. Okediran","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.726","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the production of pyrolytic oil from cassava peel wastes. Pyrolysis is a very important thermochemical method for converting biomass into biofuel. In recent times, the production of biofuel has taken center stage due to concerns over the sustainability of conventional\u0000 energy sources. Pyrolysis has received much attention by researchers because it can be used to optimize the production of high calorific value pyrolytic oil. A fixed bed pyrolysing unit was constructed for the production of liquid fuel in this study. Cassava peels were pyrolysed in the reactor.\u0000 The temperature of reaction was varied to investigate the effect of temperature variation on the product distribution in terms of the percentage weight distribution and the calorific value of the pyrolytic oil. A maximum pyrolytic oil yield of 28.4 wt.% was obtained at 500 °C. The effect\u0000 of temperature changes on calorific value was also investigated and it was observed that the maximum calorific value of 29.7 MJ/kg was obtained at 600°C.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45455006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the strength deformation of the lime-biomass ash treated expansive soils. The unconfined compressive strength, one-dimensional compression of the modified expansive soil of compaction were studied. The results showed that the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of expansive soil decreased with the increase of lime and biomass ash content; The unconfined compressive strength test results show that there is no remarkable change in the unconfined compressive strength of the soils immediately treated with biomass ash, but the sample after 7 days of curing period of strength has been greatly improved, especially after the addition of lime is more obvious; the compression coefficient, the rebound coefficient of the saturated expansive soil with lime-biomass ash is significantly smaller than saturated expansive soil. The compressive modulus of the modified expansive soil increases with the increase of vertical pressure, which reflects the hardness of the improved expansive soil.
{"title":"Study on Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Expansive Soils Treated with Lime-biomass Ash","authors":"Deheng Zhang, Fenqiang Xu, Yan Zhang, Fang Li","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.653","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the strength deformation of the lime-biomass ash treated expansive soils. The unconfined compressive strength, one-dimensional compression of the modified expansive soil of compaction were studied. The results showed that the maximum dry density and optimum moisture\u0000 content of expansive soil decreased with the increase of lime and biomass ash content; The unconfined compressive strength test results show that there is no remarkable change in the unconfined compressive strength of the soils immediately treated with biomass ash, but the sample after 7 days\u0000 of curing period of strength has been greatly improved, especially after the addition of lime is more obvious; the compression coefficient, the rebound coefficient of the saturated expansive soil with lime-biomass ash is significantly smaller than saturated expansive soil. The compressive\u0000 modulus of the modified expansive soil increases with the increase of vertical pressure, which reflects the hardness of the improved expansive soil.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48110583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hurricane debris poses significant challenges in the post-disaster environment and can result in a variety of debris types. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has put forth efforts to address these challenges through the development of their Pilot Program for Debris Removal that provides guidance and incentives for United States communities to develop FEMA-approved debris management plans. While the literature supports the need for pre-event debris management planning, there appears to be a lack of research that evaluates the effectiveness of FEMA-approved debris management plans in the post-disaster environment. The purpose of this research is therefore to assess the effectiveness of plans developed under the guidance of FEMA's Pilot Program in preparing communities for post-hurricane debris management. Counties that received major disaster declarations for hurricanes between 2011 and 2019 were surveyed to assess their participation in the Pilot Program. The results suggest that the Pilot Program is overall an effective means for preparing communities for post-hurricane debris management.
{"title":"An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Fema's Pilot Program for Debris Removal After Hurricanes","authors":"Julia Crowley","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.643","url":null,"abstract":"Hurricane debris poses significant challenges in the post-disaster environment and can result in a variety of debris types. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has put forth efforts to address these challenges through the development of their Pilot Program for Debris Removal\u0000 that provides guidance and incentives for United States communities to develop FEMA-approved debris management plans. While the literature supports the need for pre-event debris management planning, there appears to be a lack of research that evaluates the effectiveness of FEMA-approved debris\u0000 management plans in the post-disaster environment. The purpose of this research is therefore to assess the effectiveness of plans developed under the guidance of FEMA's Pilot Program in preparing communities for post-hurricane debris management. Counties that received major disaster declarations\u0000 for hurricanes between 2011 and 2019 were surveyed to assess their participation in the Pilot Program. The results suggest that the Pilot Program is overall an effective means for preparing communities for post-hurricane debris management.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fatima, Z. H. Ash’aari, M. Ramli, A. H. Sharaai, M. Chaudhry
Landfill site selection is a multi-criteria decision problem and has strategic value for various countries. The conventional method for landfill site selection is not enough to address the vague nature of linguistic assessment. An integrated Fuzzy AHP method was used to resolve this issue. Suitability maps produced by conventional Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and integrated Fuzzy AHP methods were compared and validated, which adds a new dimension in the waste management field. Various environmental, socio-economic, and infrastructure factors were used as predictors, which included groundwater level, soil type, slope, land cover, distance to settlements, railways, roads, surface water sources, airport, power lines, wells, and protected areas. Relative Operation Characteristic (ROC) analyses gave results of 0.77 and 0.86 for the suitability maps of AHP and Fuzzy AHP, respectively. The landfill site suitability maps produced from this study could help urban planners, engineers, decision-makers, and land-use developers to make suitable decisions. Furthermore, the resulted integrated model showed the best suitability that could be implemented to resolve the fundamental landfill siting problems in other cities of Pakistan.
{"title":"Comparison of Landfill Site Suitability Assessment Using Ahp and Fuzzy Ahp Methods","authors":"S. Fatima, Z. H. Ash’aari, M. Ramli, A. H. Sharaai, M. Chaudhry","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.746","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill site selection is a multi-criteria decision problem and has strategic value for various countries. The conventional method for landfill site selection is not enough to address the vague nature of linguistic assessment. An integrated Fuzzy AHP method was used to resolve this\u0000 issue. Suitability maps produced by conventional Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and integrated Fuzzy AHP methods were compared and validated, which adds a new dimension in the waste management field. Various environmental, socio-economic, and infrastructure factors were used as predictors,\u0000 which included groundwater level, soil type, slope, land cover, distance to settlements, railways, roads, surface water sources, airport, power lines, wells, and protected areas. Relative Operation Characteristic (ROC) analyses gave results of 0.77 and 0.86 for the suitability maps of AHP\u0000 and Fuzzy AHP, respectively. The landfill site suitability maps produced from this study could help urban planners, engineers, decision-makers, and land-use developers to make suitable decisions. Furthermore, the resulted integrated model showed the best suitability that could be implemented\u0000 to resolve the fundamental landfill siting problems in other cities of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47056060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cork powder is categorized in the group of the biodegradable fraction of products and waste. In Portugal, the cork powder production ranges between 32 000 and 37 000 tons/year and is used as fuel, which generates ash. For this ash characterization and possible recycling, sieving (dry and wet) and pre-treatments (ultrasounds and polycarboxylate) were tested in order to concentrate biochar, titanspheres and assess the fractions more suitable for fertilizer material. The samples were characterized via a combination of techniques: SEM/EDS, RLM, XRF, MRS and ICP-MS. For size-fractionation of cork powder fly ash, dry sieving is not an efficient method, however, improved efficiency, especially in the <25 μm size-fraction, can be attained by preceding wet sieving with a combined pre-treatment of ultrasounds and polycarboxylate. A sequence method was applied for biochar concentration and purification, however the amount of final biochar obtained is very low (1%wt.). The ICP-MS results indicate that the use of cork powder ash as fertilizer material in plant crops intended for human and animal consumption is not recommended, whereas other uses in soils are possible.
{"title":"Characterization, Concentration of Biochar and Titanspheres and Heavy Metals Assessment of Quercus Suber Cork Powder Fly Ash Fractions","authors":"Renato Guimarães, A. Guedes, B. Valentim","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.605","url":null,"abstract":"Cork powder is categorized in the group of the biodegradable fraction of products and waste. In Portugal, the cork powder production ranges between 32 000 and 37 000 tons/year and is used as fuel, which generates ash. For this ash characterization and possible recycling, sieving (dry\u0000 and wet) and pre-treatments (ultrasounds and polycarboxylate) were tested in order to concentrate biochar, titanspheres and assess the fractions more suitable for fertilizer material. The samples were characterized via a combination of techniques: SEM/EDS, RLM, XRF, MRS and ICP-MS. For size-fractionation\u0000 of cork powder fly ash, dry sieving is not an efficient method, however, improved efficiency, especially in the <25 μm size-fraction, can be attained by preceding wet sieving with a combined pre-treatment of ultrasounds and polycarboxylate. A sequence method was applied for biochar concentration\u0000 and purification, however the amount of final biochar obtained is very low (1%wt.). The ICP-MS results indicate that the use of cork powder ash as fertilizer material in plant crops intended for human and animal consumption is not recommended, whereas other uses in soils are possible.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Panda, S. Dash, B. Kar, Snigdha Panigrahi, I. Mohanty
Coal Fly ash is an industrial waste produced from coal-based thermal power plants. Of the total amount of fly ash generated, a small fraction is used as a supplement to Portland cement and rest of the fly ash is used as landfill. One of the novel ways of utilizing coal fly ash is through zeolitization, zeolites being hydrated aluminosilicates, and coal fly ash a rich source of alumina and silica. Coal fly ash obtained from the thermal power plant of NTPC Kaniha is subjected to alkaline hydrothermal treatment and the resulted zeolite is characterized for chemical analysis, crystal structure, thermal stability, FTIR studies, ion exchange capacities, etc. After zeolitization surface area of the product increases due to the formation of more pores and channels and also there is an increase in its crystallinity. When subjected to temperature its crystallinity first increases and then decreases and after a particular temperature the crystalline character almost vanishes. The resulted zeolite is found to be NaP1 zeolite with a high ion exchange capacity. High cation exchange (CEC) values ensure the adsorption of heavy metals by zeolites which can be used for the treatment of wastewater and industrial waste material. Thus zeolites can be hydrothermally synthesized from an industrial waste like coal fly ash at a much cheaper cost of production. The synthesized zeolite can be used for cation exchange, adsorption catalysis, and a host of other industrial applications.
{"title":"Alkaline Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolite from Class F Coal Fly Ash","authors":"L. Panda, S. Dash, B. Kar, Snigdha Panigrahi, I. Mohanty","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.674","url":null,"abstract":"Coal Fly ash is an industrial waste produced from coal-based thermal power plants. Of the total amount of fly ash generated, a small fraction is used as a supplement to Portland cement and rest of the fly ash is used as landfill. One of the novel ways of utilizing coal fly ash is through\u0000 zeolitization, zeolites being hydrated aluminosilicates, and coal fly ash a rich source of alumina and silica. Coal fly ash obtained from the thermal power plant of NTPC Kaniha is subjected to alkaline hydrothermal treatment and the resulted zeolite is characterized for chemical analysis,\u0000 crystal structure, thermal stability, FTIR studies, ion exchange capacities, etc. After zeolitization surface area of the product increases due to the formation of more pores and channels and also there is an increase in its crystallinity. When subjected to temperature its crystallinity first\u0000 increases and then decreases and after a particular temperature the crystalline character almost vanishes. The resulted zeolite is found to be NaP1 zeolite with a high ion exchange capacity. High cation exchange (CEC) values ensure the adsorption of heavy metals by zeolites which can be used\u0000 for the treatment of wastewater and industrial waste material. Thus zeolites can be hydrothermally synthesized from an industrial waste like coal fly ash at a much cheaper cost of production. The synthesized zeolite can be used for cation exchange, adsorption catalysis, and a host of other\u0000 industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43239015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite for treatment of Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from polluted water was synthesized by chemical activation of waste glass powder (TGP) and activated carbon (AC) using acetic acid, HCl and NaOH. Different AC to TGP ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 w/w, respectively) were used for the preparation of the composite C(AC/TGP) The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface measures. The effect of various variables (solution temperature, amount of adsorbent, initial metal concentration, contact time and pH of the solution) on metal adsorption was investigated. The results revealed that the composite C(AC/ TGP)3 with the AC/ TGP ratio (2:1 w/w) was more effective in removing heavy metals than the others. The adsorption efficiency of the metal adsorption increased with the increasing contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage. Maximum adsorption of the metals was achieved at contact time 30 min, adsorbent dose 1.5 g and pH 7. Adsorption isotherms (Tempkin, Langmuir, D-R, and Freundlich) fitted well to describe the adsorption of the studied metals by composite C(AC/ TGP)3. The kinetic of heavy metal adsorption follows a pseudo-second order pattern. Applying the optimum adsorption parameters of the prepared composite to well water results in 99-100% elimination of the studied heavy metals.
{"title":"Glass Waste / Activated Carbon Composite Prepared by Chemical Activation for Suitable Use in Wastewater Treatment from Heavy Metals","authors":"M. Rashed, A. A. Gad, A. Abdeldaiem","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.768","url":null,"abstract":"Composite for treatment of Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from polluted water was synthesized by chemical activation of waste glass powder (TGP) and activated carbon (AC) using acetic acid, HCl and NaOH. Different AC to TGP ratios\u0000 (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 w/w, respectively) were used for the preparation of the composite C(AC/TGP) The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface measures. The effect of various variables (solution temperature, amount of adsorbent,\u0000 initial metal concentration, contact time and pH of the solution) on metal adsorption was investigated. The results revealed that the composite C(AC/ TGP)3 with the AC/ TGP ratio (2:1 w/w) was more effective in removing heavy metals than the others. The adsorption efficiency of the metal adsorption\u0000 increased with the increasing contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage. Maximum adsorption of the metals was achieved at contact time 30 min, adsorbent dose 1.5 g and pH 7. Adsorption isotherms (Tempkin, Langmuir, D-R, and Freundlich) fitted well to describe the adsorption of the studied metals\u0000 by composite C(AC/ TGP)3. The kinetic of heavy metal adsorption follows a pseudo-second order pattern. Applying the optimum adsorption parameters of the prepared composite to well water results in 99-100% elimination of the studied heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49225106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igor do Nascimento Quaresma, G. B. A. Júnior, R. D. de Sena, Fabiana Costa Bezerra
National (Brazilian) Solid Waste Policy classifies these items according to their origin into 11 categories, including waste from commercial enterprises, such as hotels, a major waste generator in the sector. The objective of this paper is to analyze the generation rate of organic waste in a hotel and the reduction in its amount to be sent to landfill, according to the measures of decentralized composting and vermicomposting. The study obtained the amount of organic solid waste generated in the hotel from daily weighting along seven months, which allowed to calculate its generation rate and plan implementation measures. Results showed that, in average, 173.26 kg/day of organic waste were generated and taking into account the average population of 169 persons in the hotel, a generation rate of 1,02 kg/person. day was obtained. Decentralized vermicomposting required 0.91x10-3 m3 to process 1 kg of organic waste comparing with the same value for the composting process: 2.07x10 -3 m3. Given these figures, vermicomposting proved advantageous for composting process for providing good quality vermicompost with lower volume requirement than the composting process.
{"title":"Organic Solid Waste in a Hotel in the City of João Pessoa, Brazil: Generation Rate and Measures to Reduce the Amount of Disposal in Landfill","authors":"Igor do Nascimento Quaresma, G. B. A. Júnior, R. D. de Sena, Fabiana Costa Bezerra","doi":"10.5276/jswtm.2021.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2021.760","url":null,"abstract":"National (Brazilian) Solid Waste Policy classifies these items according to their origin into 11 categories, including waste from commercial enterprises, such as hotels, a major waste generator in the sector. The objective of this paper is to analyze the generation rate of organic waste\u0000 in a hotel and the reduction in its amount to be sent to landfill, according to the measures of decentralized composting and vermicomposting. The study obtained the amount of organic solid waste generated in the hotel from daily weighting along seven months, which allowed to calculate its\u0000 generation rate and plan implementation measures. Results showed that, in average, 173.26 kg/day of organic waste were generated and taking into account the average population of 169 persons in the hotel, a generation rate of 1,02 kg/person. day was obtained. Decentralized vermicomposting\u0000 required 0.91x10-3 m3 to process 1 kg of organic waste comparing with the same value for the composting process: 2.07x10 -3 m3. Given these figures, vermicomposting proved advantageous for composting process for providing good quality\u0000 vermicompost with lower volume requirement than the composting process.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47732580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impurities, such as copper and tin, have been identified as barriers limiting the use of recycled steel scrap for producing certain grades of steel product. Their accumulation during the whole recycling process could induce detrimental effects on the surface quality of downstream steel products, resulting from the formation and penetration of Cu-enriched liquid phase into grain boundaries, which would appear at 0.1wt% Cu content or above during hot working. In order to eliminate such detrimental effects, impurity removal methods have been researched considering the physical separation and chemical treatment at different stages of steel scrap recycling. For physical separation, apart from regular shredding and magnetic separation, common types of sensor-based sorting technology are discussed referring to the feasibility and efficiency. For chemical treatment, different technologies are introduced and classified according to the existent state of steel scrap during the removing process. As a result, in this review, possibilities and limitations of these methods have been presented and evaluated based on their removal mechanism to weigh their applicability. It becomes evident that sensor-based sortation would be feasible for impurity removal if specific physical or chemical characteristics can be identified and applied to distinguish impurities from Fe shreds. Considering the chemical treatment, most of the reviewed technologies were explored with laboratory scale, demonstrating limited industrial applicability due to the involving either high temperature or vacuum or complex process.
{"title":"Review of Impurity Removal Methods in Steel Scrap Recycling","authors":"Zhijiang Gao, S. Sridhar, D. Spiller, P. Taylor","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.732","url":null,"abstract":"Impurities, such as copper and tin, have been identified as barriers limiting the use of recycled steel scrap for producing certain grades of steel product. Their accumulation during the whole recycling process could induce detrimental effects on the surface quality of downstream steel\u0000 products, resulting from the formation and penetration of Cu-enriched liquid phase into grain boundaries, which would appear at 0.1wt% Cu content or above during hot working. In order to eliminate such detrimental effects, impurity removal methods have been researched considering the physical\u0000 separation and chemical treatment at different stages of steel scrap recycling. For physical separation, apart from regular shredding and magnetic separation, common types of sensor-based sorting technology are discussed referring to the feasibility and efficiency. For chemical treatment,\u0000 different technologies are introduced and classified according to the existent state of steel scrap during the removing process. As a result, in this review, possibilities and limitations of these methods have been presented and evaluated based on their removal mechanism to weigh their applicability.\u0000 It becomes evident that sensor-based sortation would be feasible for impurity removal if specific physical or chemical characteristics can be identified and applied to distinguish impurities from Fe shreds. Considering the chemical treatment, most of the reviewed technologies were explored\u0000 with laboratory scale, demonstrating limited industrial applicability due to the involving either high temperature or vacuum or complex process.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43303449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. T. Olurin, S. A. Ganiyu, O. S. Hammed, F. O. Ogunsanwo, D.S. Akangbe, A. Bolaji
Investigation of groundwater contamination from an active landfill was carried out in Saje, Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria using geophysical and geochemical methods. Four resistivity traverses picked up within the landfill. Wenner array electrode configuration was adopted and the data were interpreted using RES2DINV program. Quantitative valuations were accomplished by geochemical and hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater samples collected from ten dug wells in the arcade of Saje landfill. Fifteen parameters were analysed in the groundwater samples. The results of the 2D resistivity analysis showed that there is a constant and progressive increase in the depth of migration of the contaminants generated from this landfill site into the subsurface environment as its ages. The results of both physical and chemical parameters of the water analysis revealed that all the parameters were 100% in compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard permissible limits for drinking, water except for pH (90%), Calcium (80%) and Lead (80%). The classification of water samples of the study area using Piper Trilinear diagram revealed that 70% of the analysed water samples are of CaHCO3 (fresh water) type, 20% are of CaCl2 type and 10% are CaMgCl type. The calculated values of irrigation parameters such as; Magnesium Absorption Ratio, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Total dissolve solid, Soluble Sodium Percentage, Kelly's Ratio and Permeability Index for most of the groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation. The groundwater quality index evaluation acquired for the study area ranges from 3.8 – 18.1. This study established that the groundwater around this region is 100% suitable for drinking purposes.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Leaching from an Active Landfill on Groundwater Quality Using Geophysical and Geochemical Approach in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. T. Olurin, S. A. Ganiyu, O. S. Hammed, F. O. Ogunsanwo, D.S. Akangbe, A. Bolaji","doi":"10.5276/jswtm/2021.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.682","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of groundwater contamination from an active landfill was carried out in Saje, Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria using geophysical and geochemical methods. Four resistivity traverses picked up within the landfill. Wenner array electrode configuration was adopted and the data\u0000 were interpreted using RES2DINV program. Quantitative valuations were accomplished by geochemical and hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater samples collected from ten dug wells in the arcade of Saje landfill. Fifteen parameters were analysed in the groundwater samples. The results of the\u0000 2D resistivity analysis showed that there is a constant and progressive increase in the depth of migration of the contaminants generated from this landfill site into the subsurface environment as its ages. The results of both physical and chemical parameters of the water analysis revealed\u0000 that all the parameters were 100% in compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard permissible limits for drinking, water except for pH (90%), Calcium (80%) and Lead (80%). The classification of water samples of the study\u0000 area using Piper Trilinear diagram revealed that 70% of the analysed water samples are of CaHCO3 (fresh water) type, 20% are of CaCl2 type and 10% are CaMgCl type. The calculated values of irrigation parameters such as; Magnesium Absorption Ratio, Sodium Absorption Ratio,\u0000 Total dissolve solid, Soluble Sodium Percentage, Kelly's Ratio and Permeability Index for most of the groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation. The groundwater quality index evaluation acquired for the study area ranges from 3.8 – 18.1. This study established that\u0000 the groundwater around this region is 100% suitable for drinking purposes.","PeriodicalId":35783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45229412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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