Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10034384
Lucas A. Müller, Michael Stephan
The automotive industry is undergoing a disruptive change towards a new era of electric mobility. This transition is characterised by the critical management challenge of organising and balancing traditional businesses and new venture lines, a phenomenon described as organisational ambidexterity. We investigate how OEMs with different cultural backgrounds handle this challenge. Our suggestion is that national culture plays a crucial role in the firms' organisational implementation of explorative and exploitative work since cultural values affect managerial behaviour and the choice of organisational designs. Based on an in-depth longitudinal analysis of eleven car manufacturers from six nations, this work scrutinises the implementation of different ambidexterity forms and contextualises the results with Hofstede's work on cultural dimensions. Our findings indicate that structural separation of explorative and exploitative behaviour occurs in organisations rooted in long-term oriented, collectivistic and uncertainty avoiding cultures. Integrative forms of ambidexterity are prevalent in organisations rooted in short-term orientated, individualistic and uncertainty accepting cultures.
{"title":"To separate or to integrate The normative effect of national culture on organisational ambidexterity of automotive OEMs in transition towards electric mobility","authors":"Lucas A. Müller, Michael Stephan","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10034384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10034384","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is undergoing a disruptive change towards a new era of electric mobility. This transition is characterised by the critical management challenge of organising and balancing traditional businesses and new venture lines, a phenomenon described as organisational ambidexterity. We investigate how OEMs with different cultural backgrounds handle this challenge. Our suggestion is that national culture plays a crucial role in the firms' organisational implementation of explorative and exploitative work since cultural values affect managerial behaviour and the choice of organisational designs. Based on an in-depth longitudinal analysis of eleven car manufacturers from six nations, this work scrutinises the implementation of different ambidexterity forms and contextualises the results with Hofstede's work on cultural dimensions. Our findings indicate that structural separation of explorative and exploitative behaviour occurs in organisations rooted in long-term oriented, collectivistic and uncertainty avoiding cultures. Integrative forms of ambidexterity are prevalent in organisations rooted in short-term orientated, individualistic and uncertainty accepting cultures.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10034373
Florian Knobbe, Heike Proff
Digitalisation affects companies at all firm levels: it enables digital processes, digital products/services and digital business models and therefore also complete new digital value systems, and leads to long-term discontinuous change, particularly in the capital-intensive automotive industry. Dealing with changes demands the dynamic capabilities of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring operational capabilities and changing business activities. In times of long-term discontinuous changes under digitalisation, different patterns of (more or less discontinuous and comprehensive) activation of dynamic capabilities and their utilisation for changes in operational capabilities and business activities can be determined. A quantitative study at German automotive suppliers shows that companies fall into five distinct patterns of activating and utilising dynamic capabilities under digitalisation and that this results in distinct leverage points in the business activities.
{"title":"Dynamic capabilities in the automotive industry under digitalisation - a quantitative study in the automotive supplier industry","authors":"Florian Knobbe, Heike Proff","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10034373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10034373","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalisation affects companies at all firm levels: it enables digital processes, digital products/services and digital business models and therefore also complete new digital value systems, and leads to long-term discontinuous change, particularly in the capital-intensive automotive industry. Dealing with changes demands the dynamic capabilities of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring operational capabilities and changing business activities. In times of long-term discontinuous changes under digitalisation, different patterns of (more or less discontinuous and comprehensive) activation of dynamic capabilities and their utilisation for changes in operational capabilities and business activities can be determined. A quantitative study at German automotive suppliers shows that companies fall into five distinct patterns of activating and utilising dynamic capabilities under digitalisation and that this results in distinct leverage points in the business activities.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-10DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030505
T. Mokudai
This paper addresses commitment versus flexibility in the face of uncertainties about the electrification of vehicle powertrain technologies. A real options reasoning perspective is employed to analyse the potential option structures and underlying logic behind the strategies of Toyota and Nissan. The case analyses indicate that the Japanese carmakers have (compound) options to expand their electrified powertrain portfolios and switch battery sources. The findings also suggest that the stability of powertrain design rules serves as a foundation of real options and that carmakers' approaches to balancing the commitment to, and flexibility for, particular strategic actions are influenced by the nature of the uncertainties. Further, firms' perceptional and behavioural biases over uncertainties will affect the execution or abandonment of the options.
{"title":"Strategic flexibility in shifting to electrification: a real options reasoning perspective on Toyota and Nissan","authors":"T. Mokudai","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030505","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses commitment versus flexibility in the face of uncertainties about the electrification of vehicle powertrain technologies. A real options reasoning perspective is employed to analyse the potential option structures and underlying logic behind the strategies of Toyota and Nissan. The case analyses indicate that the Japanese carmakers have (compound) options to expand their electrified powertrain portfolios and switch battery sources. The findings also suggest that the stability of powertrain design rules serves as a foundation of real options and that carmakers' approaches to balancing the commitment to, and flexibility for, particular strategic actions are influenced by the nature of the uncertainties. Further, firms' perceptional and behavioural biases over uncertainties will affect the execution or abandonment of the options.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-10DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030507
T. Olejniczak, Milosz Miszczynski, Masato Itohisa
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has been an important production base for the international automotive industry, attracting foreign direct investments from European, American, and Japanese car manufacturers. However, after almost three decades of transformation, local changes such as rapidly rising wages and decreasing unemployment have forced investors to re-consider their original plans. This article identifies a range of strategies employed by Japanese automakers in order to cope with the challenges of labour markets in CEE. In our study, we learn that investments that have primarily been motivated by lowering costs were forced to close down, while the remaining ones developed a variety of strategies for securing, retaining, and upskilling of employees. The discussion section in this paper focuses on the future perspective of the industry in the region, considering the high-road and low-road labour models as well as the influence of the Industry 4.0.
{"title":"Between closure and Industry 4.0: strategies of Japanese automotive manufacturers in Central and Eastern Europe in reaction to labour market changes","authors":"T. Olejniczak, Milosz Miszczynski, Masato Itohisa","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030507","url":null,"abstract":"Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has been an important production base for the international automotive industry, attracting foreign direct investments from European, American, and Japanese car manufacturers. However, after almost three decades of transformation, local changes such as rapidly rising wages and decreasing unemployment have forced investors to re-consider their original plans. This article identifies a range of strategies employed by Japanese automakers in order to cope with the challenges of labour markets in CEE. In our study, we learn that investments that have primarily been motivated by lowering costs were forced to close down, while the remaining ones developed a variety of strategies for securing, retaining, and upskilling of employees. The discussion section in this paper focuses on the future perspective of the industry in the region, considering the high-road and low-road labour models as well as the influence of the Industry 4.0.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49430311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-10DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030508
Guendalina Anzolin, Antonio Andreoni, Antonello Zanfei
This paper explores the relationship between inward foreign direct investments and the adoption of industrial robots, across different segments of the automotive value chain. Using the International Federation of Robotics and FDI Market datasets at a fine level of disaggregation of the automotive sector, we investigate the extent to which FDIs are related to the operational stock of industrial robots in 34 countries over the period 2005-2014. We find distinct patterns linking FDIs and robot adoption for different groups of countries and for different segments of the automotive value chain, that, is assembling and components production. With some relevant exceptions, FDIs are found to be highly correlated with robot adoption in the assembling segment across major leading countries. However, this correlation becomes weak for components production. To explain this differential role of FDIs in robot adoption, we formulate hypotheses around the country-specific drivers of robotisation for the components segment by pointing to the role of domestic ecosystems of suppliers and industrial policy as drivers of technology absorption and diffusion.
{"title":"Robot adoption and FDI driven transformation in the automotive industry","authors":"Guendalina Anzolin, Antonio Andreoni, Antonello Zanfei","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030508","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the relationship between inward foreign direct investments and the adoption of industrial robots, across different segments of the automotive value chain. Using the International Federation of Robotics and FDI Market datasets at a fine level of disaggregation of the automotive sector, we investigate the extent to which FDIs are related to the operational stock of industrial robots in 34 countries over the period 2005-2014. We find distinct patterns linking FDIs and robot adoption for different groups of countries and for different segments of the automotive value chain, that, is assembling and components production. With some relevant exceptions, FDIs are found to be highly correlated with robot adoption in the assembling segment across major leading countries. However, this correlation becomes weak for components production. To explain this differential role of FDIs in robot adoption, we formulate hypotheses around the country-specific drivers of robotisation for the components segment by pointing to the role of domestic ecosystems of suppliers and industrial policy as drivers of technology absorption and diffusion.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-10DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030509
M. Fernández
This paper aims to discuss the revolutionary character of integrating hydrogen into the transport and mobility sectors. While the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) often appears as a disruptive technological application, its deployment seems to rely on the ability of supporting policies to initiate a course of transition. To study this issue, the paper focuses on the Japanese program, its goals and hindrances. Examining some theoretical approaches, it attempts to analyse different potential drawbacks linked to the disruptive nature of FCEVs and then to study how overcome these obstacles.
{"title":"The deployment of fuel cell electric vehicles in Japan: revolution or transition","authors":"M. Fernández","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10030509","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to discuss the revolutionary character of integrating hydrogen into the transport and mobility sectors. While the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) often appears as a disruptive technological application, its deployment seems to rely on the ability of supporting policies to initiate a course of transition. To study this issue, the paper focuses on the Japanese program, its goals and hindrances. Examining some theoretical approaches, it attempts to analyse different potential drawbacks linked to the disruptive nature of FCEVs and then to study how overcome these obstacles.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44696293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10032741
Christoph Buck, Riccardo Reith
Cars are developing into networked systems and digital entities. In order to improve service quality, enable new value propositions, and achieve a better driving experience, connected cars increasingly utilize the data and devices of their occupants. This situation is completely new for consumers, as cars have not been viewed as data collecting devices of highly personal information so far. These novel developments raise the question whether consumers realize and are concerned about the disclosure of sensitive personal data while using connected cars. Research in the field of privacy indicates that consumers value their privacy and that privacy concerns induce privacy behaviour. Therefore, this study aims to empirically validate a research model which considers privacy concerns as a crucial construct in predicting the intention to use connected cars. The results of our investigation enhance the understanding of consumers’ privacy concerns in connected cars and will help car manufacturers to adequately address these issues within their market strategy.
{"title":"Privacy on the road Evaluating German consumers' intention to use connected cars","authors":"Christoph Buck, Riccardo Reith","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10032741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10032741","url":null,"abstract":"Cars are developing into networked systems and digital entities. In order to improve service quality, enable new value propositions, and achieve a better driving experience, connected cars increasingly utilize the data and devices of their occupants. This situation is completely new for consumers, as cars have not been viewed as data collecting devices of highly personal information so far. These novel developments raise the question whether consumers realize and are concerned about the disclosure of sensitive personal data while using connected cars. Research in the field of privacy indicates that consumers value their privacy and that privacy concerns induce privacy behaviour. Therefore, this study aims to empirically validate a research model which considers privacy concerns as a crucial construct in predicting the intention to use connected cars. The results of our investigation enhance the understanding of consumers’ privacy concerns in connected cars and will help car manufacturers to adequately address these issues within their market strategy.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026966
A. Wong, Peter Rinderer
Changes in demographics and mobility behaviour such as the increasing participation in shared economies and the evolving trend of autonomous driving has accelerated the move towards autonomous mobility services. Coupled with the changing needs, perceptions and behaviours of customers, it is crucial that automobile manufacturers and mobility service providers deliver excellent customer service and build long-term customer relationships. This study examined customer perceptions of technology availability, internet connectivity, safety, reliability, service provider attributes and their relationships with customer perceived value and customer purchase intentions in mobility services. Data was collected from 206 respondents via an online survey. The findings showed that the best predictor of customer perceived value is technology availability, while the best predictor of purchase intentions is service provider attributes. The findings provide important insights for automobile manufacturers and mobility service providers. Further discussion and implications are provided.
{"title":"Customer perceptions of shared autonomous vehicle usage: an empirical study","authors":"A. Wong, Peter Rinderer","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026966","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in demographics and mobility behaviour such as the increasing participation in shared economies and the evolving trend of autonomous driving has accelerated the move towards autonomous mobility services. Coupled with the changing needs, perceptions and behaviours of customers, it is crucial that automobile manufacturers and mobility service providers deliver excellent customer service and build long-term customer relationships. This study examined customer perceptions of technology availability, internet connectivity, safety, reliability, service provider attributes and their relationships with customer perceived value and customer purchase intentions in mobility services. Data was collected from 206 respondents via an online survey. The findings showed that the best predictor of customer perceived value is technology availability, while the best predictor of purchase intentions is service provider attributes. The findings provide important insights for automobile manufacturers and mobility service providers. Further discussion and implications are provided.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43333913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026965
Artemio Chávez, Arturo Lara
The evolution of the inventive process in electric vehicles has been increasingly complex and thus the probability of patent thicket too. However, patent agents (individual inventors, companies, non-practicing entities and alliances) are not homogeneous in interests and abilities. Based on information from the Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in the period 1976-2012, it is described: 1) the growing complexity in the inventive activity of electric vehicles; 2) the characteristics and evolution in the inventive activity of agents; 3) the relation with patent thickets. It is shown that the evolution of patent thickets (from low to high complexity) is associated to the evolution of technological knowledge as well as the evolution of the agents.
{"title":"The diversity of agents and patent thicket evolution in electric vehicles","authors":"Artemio Chávez, Arturo Lara","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026965","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the inventive process in electric vehicles has been increasingly complex and thus the probability of patent thicket too. However, patent agents (individual inventors, companies, non-practicing entities and alliances) are not homogeneous in interests and abilities. Based on information from the Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in the period 1976-2012, it is described: 1) the growing complexity in the inventive activity of electric vehicles; 2) the characteristics and evolution in the inventive activity of agents; 3) the relation with patent thickets. It is shown that the evolution of patent thickets (from low to high complexity) is associated to the evolution of technological knowledge as well as the evolution of the agents.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44582161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026963
Greig Mordue
The practice of industrial policy in economically advanced jurisdictions is examined, focusing on the post 2000 period. Building from literature and cases from the Canadian automotive industry, the paper demonstrates how actors engaged in the application of industrial policy in economically advanced, high labour cost jurisdictions have responded to shifting pressures and opportunities. Explanation is provided for how those changes have caused objectives to broaden from a focus on manufacturing to industrial R&D. While vertical industrial policy tools endure, the transition has prompted increased emphasis on horizontal industrial policy instruments. The cases also demonstrate that a shift has occurred from externally-generated projects towards internal, organic forms of development, a change that has elevated the primacy of internal, corporate champions in firm level investment attraction.
{"title":"Shifting patterns in the application of industrial policy","authors":"Greig Mordue","doi":"10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2020.10026963","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of industrial policy in economically advanced jurisdictions is examined, focusing on the post 2000 period. Building from literature and cases from the Canadian automotive industry, the paper demonstrates how actors engaged in the application of industrial policy in economically advanced, high labour cost jurisdictions have responded to shifting pressures and opportunities. Explanation is provided for how those changes have caused objectives to broaden from a focus on manufacturing to industrial R&D. While vertical industrial policy tools endure, the transition has prompted increased emphasis on horizontal industrial policy instruments. The cases also demonstrate that a shift has occurred from externally-generated projects towards internal, organic forms of development, a change that has elevated the primacy of internal, corporate champions in firm level investment attraction.","PeriodicalId":35873,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47473453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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