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Effect of Fiscal Desentralization and Region-wide Corruption Level in Indonesia 财政分权对印尼地区腐败水平的影响
Edy Anan
Many parties suspect that there is an in-between relationship of fiscal decentralization and the corruption level in the regencies and city. This study aims to examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on the city-wide corruption level in Indonesia. This study used the General Allocation Fund (Dana Alokasi Umum or DAU) of the regency and city, age of regency and city, and location of regency and city as the control variables. The population of this research is all regencies and cities in Indonesia. As the data sources, we used the secondary data. The research sample was selected using the purposive sampling method. Hypothesis testing uses multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of determination test (R 2 ), and partial test (t-test). The statistical test results of the significance level of fiscal decentralization of the corruption level is 0.016 smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (5%). This result shows that fiscal decentralization has a significant effect on the corruption level of regencies and city in Indonesia. The statistical significance level results for the control variable are regency and city’s DAU of 0.081, age of regency and city of 0.221, and regency and city location of 1.222. This means that the DAU, age, and location of regencies and cities have no significant effect on the corruption level of regencies and cities in Indonesia. Keywords—Fiscal Decentralization, Corruption Level, Regency and City.
许多政党怀疑,财政分权与摄政区和城市的腐败程度之间存在着一种中间关系。本研究旨在探讨财政分权对印尼城市腐败程度的影响。本研究以摄政和城市的一般分配基金(Dana Alokasi Umum或DAU)、摄政和城市的年龄、摄政和城市的位置作为控制变量。本研究的人口是印度尼西亚的所有县和城市。作为数据源,我们使用了辅助数据。研究样本的选取采用目的抽样法。假设检验采用多元回归分析、决定系数检验(r2)和部分检验(t检验)。财政分权对腐败程度显著性水平的统计检验结果比显著性水平0.05(5%)小0.016。研究结果表明,财政分权对印尼县域和城市的腐败程度有显著影响。控制变量的统计显著性水平结果为:摄政与城市的DAU为0.081,摄政与城市的年龄为0.221,摄政与城市位置为1.222。这意味着,DAU、年龄以及摄政和城市的位置对印尼摄政和城市的腐败程度没有显著影响。关键词:财政分权,腐败程度,摄政与城市。
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引用次数: 2
Village democracy and winning strategies based on Power in Javanese culture in Village Head Election in Tanjung Village, Pagu District, Kediri Regency 基于爪哇文化中权力的村长选举中的村庄民主与获胜策略
E. Hidayat, Miskan
This study based on the different understandings about political activities in the villages. This study aims to prove oligarchy in electoral process to elect village leader (headman) in Indonesia is different compare to other elections at the local and national level. By applying qualitative research method and looking at the case of Tanjung village, Pagu District, Kediri Regency. The study shows that all candidates have tried to maximize the benefit of both material resources and non-material power according to Javanese values. However, the use of money and formal institutions as the basic character of oligarchy as indicated by some scholars is not effective in gaining votes in the village head election. On the contrary, the application of nonmaterial power used by the elected headman election candidates proves as more effective to attract more votes. The source of nonmaterial power is parallel with Javanese power derived from mystical energy of ‘kesakten’, and it works effectively to increase contestants’ confidence in embracing the headman election. Various forms of political strategy based on spiritual power are divided into six categories: Slametan ceremony at the village founder's grave, pitou services come from religious leader and dukun, ownership of heirlooms, pulung as a legitimacy of power, and petungan Javanese calender Keywords—Political Strategy, Power Sources, Local Politics,
本研究基于对农村政治活动的不同理解。本研究旨在证明印尼村领导(首领)选举过程中的寡头政治与其他地方和国家层面的选举不同。运用定性研究方法,以克迪里县八古区丹绒村为例。研究表明,所有候选人都试图根据爪哇价值观最大化物质资源和非物质权力的利益。然而,一些学者所指出的寡头政治的基本特征——金钱和正式制度的使用,并不能有效地在村长选举中获得选票。相反,当选的首长选举候选人所使用的非物质权力的应用被证明更有效地吸引更多的选票。非物质力量的来源与爪哇人的“kesakten”神秘能量的力量是平行的,它有效地增加了参赛者接受首长选举的信心。基于精神力量的各种形式的政治策略分为六类:在村庄创始人的坟墓上举行的土葬仪式,来自宗教领袖和杜昆的pitou服务,传家宝的所有权,作为权力合法性的pulung,以及petungan爪哇历法
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引用次数: 2
The Movement of Women with Disabilities on Indonesia’s Legislative Election 2019 残疾妇女运动对2019年印尼立法选举的影响
I. Indriyany, M. Hikmawan, Y. Mayrudin
— T he absence of representatives of the DPR RI (Representative Council Republic of Indonesia) from persons with disabilities and the discourse of their political struggle to obtain previlage rights as citizens became an interesting focus study. This research focuses on the issue of the emergence of a movement that was built for the struggle for DPR RI seats in the 2019 legislative elections by candidate from women with disabilities. She does not only carry out womens struggles in carrying out his rights as citizens, furthermore his movement tries to bring the issue of women disabilities to gain seats in parliament. The movement that is trying to be constructed is an issue of fulfilling the right to the person with disability through legislating in parliament. This research uses qualitative methods and phenomenology approaches to unravel the movements that try to be constructed by candidates of person with disabilities in managing issues that will be fought for in parliament as the substance of the political struggle. The findings in this research also emphasize the presence of political struggle movements of person with disability’s candidates through the issue of representation, especially women with disabilities through transformative politics. At least the issue of representation of persons with disability to sit in parliamentary seats becomes a political agenda in the 2019 legislative elections
-印度尼西亚共和国代表委员会(DPR RI)中没有残疾人代表,关于残疾人作为公民争取村民权利的政治斗争的论述成为一项有趣的重点研究。本研究的重点是残疾妇女候选人在2019年立法选举中为争取DPR RI席位而建立的运动的出现问题。她不仅在行使其公民权利方面开展妇女斗争,而且他的运动试图使妇女残疾问题在议会中获得席位。正在构建的运动是一个通过议会立法实现残疾人权利的问题。本研究使用定性方法和现象学方法来揭示残疾人候选人试图构建的运动,以管理将在议会中作为政治斗争的实质而争取的问题。本研究结果还强调了残疾人候选人通过代表权问题进行政治斗争运动的存在,特别是残疾妇女通过变革政治。至少,残疾人在议会席位上的代表性问题成为2019年立法选举的一个政治议程
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引用次数: 2
The Problems of Political Development of Islamic Party Politics in Indonesia and Malaysia: History Review on Democration Process 印尼和马来西亚伊斯兰政党政治发展的问题:民主进程的历史回顾
Warjio, Heri Kusmanto, Yusniar Lubis
There is a very interesting relationship between political development and political parties, namely that both emerge as a response to the independence of the country. Malaysia and Indonesia are two countries that provide examples of how political development relations and political parties have a strong influence. Political development hopes to grow in a democratic space. But in reality, the political development in Malaysia and Indonesia at the beginning of these newly independent countries was in fact not like that especially because it was related to the existence of Islamic parties. The focus of this paper is how the development of Islamic party politics in Malaysia and Indonesia grows and develops? What is the response of the Malaysian and Indonesian governments to the emergence of the Islamic party? Is the democratic space given to the authorities by the Islamic parties? In answering the issue, the research method used is through the historical approach of archival and publishing documents. The results of the research conducted found that the political development of Islamic parties in Malaysia and Indonesia at the beginning of the establishment of the country received a negative response from the government. For reasons of development the government considers the party a barrier to development. The implication is that there is an attempt to break the Islamic party and make them enemies. So that the democratic process that should have grown in political development in Malaysia and Indonesia at the beginning of the two countries did not run fair. Keyword: Malaysia and Indonesia, Masyumi, PAS, Political Development
政治发展和政党之间有一种非常有趣的关系,即两者都是对国家独立的回应。马来西亚和印度尼西亚这两个国家提供了政治发展关系和政党如何具有强大影响力的例子。政治发展希望在民主的空间中成长。但实际上,马来西亚和印度尼西亚在这些新独立国家开始时的政治发展实际上并不是这样的,特别是因为它与伊斯兰政党的存在有关。本文的研究重点是伊斯兰政党政治在马来西亚和印度尼西亚的发展是如何成长和发展的?马来西亚和印尼政府对这个伊斯兰政党的出现作何反应?伊斯兰政党是否给予当局民主空间?在回答这个问题时,使用的研究方法是通过档案和出版文献的历史方法。所进行的研究结果发现,马来西亚和印度尼西亚伊斯兰政党在建国之初的政治发展受到了政府的负面回应。由于发展的原因,政府认为党是发展的障碍。言下之意是,有人企图瓦解伊斯兰政党,使他们成为敌人。因此,马来西亚和印度尼西亚在两国政治发展之初本应发展的民主进程并没有公平运行。关键词:马来西亚和印度尼西亚,Masyumi, PAS,政治发展
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引用次数: 0
Social Engineering Model for Empowering the Poor in the Border Areas of Pandeglang Regency and Serang Regency 赋能攀德朗县和雪朗县边境地区贫困人口的社会工程模式
Agus Sjafari, K. Nugroho
Abstrat—By using the concept of poverty (causes, measurement of poverty and dimensions of poverty), the concept of community empowerment, the concept of education, the concept of public health, infrastructure development, the concept of purchasing power and the concept of village potential, researchers attempt to analyze these concepts and formulate the proper engineering models of social empowerment in eradicating poverty in the bordering areas is seen from the point of view of education, health, purchasing power and infrastructure. This research used qualitative methods with a case study approach. The technique of collecting data used in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis used qualitative methods, supported with quantitative data. The informants interviewed were divided into 2 large groups, namely government representatives consisting of Regional Working Unit (OPD) related to poverty eradication and community representatives. This research focuses on areas that have connection as causes of poverty and potentially create appropriate empowerment models for the community, namely: education, health, purchasing, and infrastructure. Through this research, it is expected to be used as a model for other regions where the poverty level of the people is still high so that it is expected to reduce the poverty rate in Banten Province, especially in Pandeglang Regency. The results of this research explain that the social engineering model for empowering the poor begin with the policies and implementation of the central and regional governments through the relevant agencies to develop various infrastructure facilities which included: 1) educational facilities; 2) health facilities; 3) transportations; 4) economic facilities and 5) settlement facilities, which begin with the process of identifying problems, community needs, supporting local nature conditions, assessing feasibility, and finally the development actions, then monitoring and maintaining the infrastructure facilities together with the community and village officials and build continuity. Keyword Social Engineering Model and Empowering the Poor
摘要:研究人员试图从贫困概念(贫困的成因、贫困的度量和贫困的维度)、社区赋权概念、教育概念、公共卫生概念、基础设施发展概念、购买力概念和村庄潜力概念等方面对这些概念进行分析,并从教育的角度构建边境地区消除贫困的社会赋权工程模型。健康、购买力和基础设施。本研究采用个案研究的定性方法。收集数据的技术采用深度访谈、参与式观察和记录。同时,数据分析采用定性方法,辅以定量数据。接受采访的举报人被分成两大组,即由与消除贫穷有关的区域工作组组成的政府代表和社区代表。这项研究的重点是与贫穷的原因有联系并可能为社区创造适当的赋权模式的领域,即:教育、卫生、采购和基础设施。通过本研究,期望可以作为其他地区人民贫困水平仍然很高的样板,从而期望能够降低万丹省,特别是攀德郎县的贫困率。本研究的结果说明,社会工程模式赋予贫困人口权力,始于中央及地方政府的政策与执行,透过相关机构发展各种基础设施,包括:1)教育设施;2)卫生设施;3)运输;4)经济设施和5)安置设施,从发现问题、社区需求、支持当地自然条件、评估可行性,最后是发展行动的过程开始,然后与社区和村庄官员一起监测和维护基础设施,建立连续性。关键词社会工程模式与赋权穷人
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引用次数: 0
Perception, Knowledge, And Acceptance Of Rome Statute In Malaysia 马来西亚对罗马规约的认知、知识与接受
I. Sualman, Nuurianti Jalli
: On April 5, 2019, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad announced that Malaysia would withdraw from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute) citing that the government was forced to do so due to political pressure. In Malaysia, the ratification of the Rome Statute was said to be able to undermine the power of the Malay Kings. Rome Statute is a treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC) that came into force in 2002. Any country that signs the Rome Statute fundamentally agrees to recognize the powers of the ICC. The treaty gives jurisdiction to ICC to penalize four specific crimes as stated in Article 5 of the statute which are 1) genocide, 2) crime against humanity, 3) war crimes, and 4) crimes of aggression. To date, 122 countries across the world are part of the convention. Malaysia’s decision to withdraw from the treaty has been scrutinized by critics, asserting that the government has taken a step backward civil progressiveness. Today, Malaysia is among the minority of the countries that have yet to ratify the Rome Statute alongside countries like North Korea, China, Saudi Arabia, and Somalia. This research aims to look at the acceptance of the Rome Statute in Malaysia. A series of interviews were conducted to explore the perception, knowledge, and acceptance of the statute as well as the reactions on Malaysia’s decision to withdraw from the treaty. It was found that while some of the informants supportive of Rome Statute, citing ICC as a complement to the existing law in Malaysia and serving as check-and-balance, others opposed the idea of the treaty ratification. Among the reasons found was, the statute will undermine the power of Malay Rulers and will cause discord among people of different races.
: 2019年4月5日,马来西亚总理马哈蒂尔宣布,马来西亚将退出《国际刑事法院罗马规约》,理由是政府迫于政治压力被迫退出。在马来西亚,罗马规约的批准据说可以削弱马来国王的权力。《罗马规约》是建立国际刑事法院(ICC)的条约,于2002年生效。任何签署《罗马规约》的国家基本上都同意承认国际刑事法院的权力。该条约赋予国际刑事法院管辖权,以惩罚规约第5条所述的四种具体罪行,即1)种族灭绝罪,2)危害人类罪,3)战争罪和4)侵略罪。迄今为止,全球已有122个国家加入了该公约。马来西亚退出该条约的决定受到了批评人士的仔细审视,他们声称,马来西亚政府向公民进步迈出了一步。今天,马来西亚与北韩、中国、沙特阿拉伯和索马里等国一样,是尚未批准《罗马规约》的少数国家之一。本研究旨在探讨马来西亚对罗马规约的接受程度。我们进行了一系列访谈,以探讨对规约的认知、认知和接受程度,以及对马来西亚决定退出条约的反应。调查发现,虽然一些举报人支持《罗马规约》,称国际刑事法院是对马来西亚现有法律的补充,并起到制衡作用,但其他人反对批准条约的想法。其中一个原因是,该法令将削弱马来统治者的权力,并将引起不同种族人民之间的不和。
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引用次数: 0
Indonesian National Police in Terrorism Handling Policy During Joko Widodo's Government: Analysis of Role, Function and Evaluation 印尼国家警察在佐科·维多多政府时期的反恐政策:角色、功能和评价分析
S. Siregar
In 1998, Indonesia began to enter the democratic system. The consequence of democratic system in security field is how to create a professional military and police. In police aspects, it is called Democratic Policing. But to realize it is not easy because the ways of police still dominant with element of violence. This was inseparable from the values and military approaches in Polri during the New Order period. This difficulty occurs when Indonesia faced terrorism cases after the New Order; from Bali Bombings in 2002 until 2018. The trend of terrorism attacks had up and down; starting from suicide bombings until open physical attacks towards public and the police. Various cases of terrorism that occurred in Indonesia and other countries reopened the review of national security. This review consider the relationship between security and national interests where national interests are a matter of state safety. Based on this assumption, the concept of national security develops with two aspects: military approach and state policy. The relevance of this assumption could be seen on May 25, 2018, when DPR officially ratified The Law No.15 /2003 concerning the Criminal Act of Terrorism. This law raises two problems. First, the involvement of the TNI in handling terrorism; second, the freedom of authority granted to Polri. This authority can potentially apply a militaristic approach in handling terrorism cases. These problems made some doubts from human rights activists about Polri’s commitment for abandon militaristic ways as part of efforts to create democratic policing. This paper will examine how the role of Polri in handling terrorism cases during in Joko Widodo's government. The review will analyze the role and functions of Polri's institution related to the commitment in creating democratic policing on post New Order. Keywords—police, policy, security, democracy, terrorism
1998年,印尼开始进入民主体制。安全领域民主制度的结果是如何建立一支专业化的军队和警察。在警察方面,这被称为民主警务。但要认识到这一点并不容易,因为警察的方式仍然占主导地位,暴力因素。这与新秩序时期波尔里的价值观和军事手段是分不开的。这一困难发生在印尼在新秩序之后面临恐怖主义案件时;从2002年巴厘岛爆炸案到2018年。恐怖袭击的趋势有起有落;从自杀式爆炸开始,直到公开对公众和警察进行人身攻击。在印度尼西亚和其他国家发生的各种恐怖主义案件重新开启了对国家安全的审查。这篇综述考虑了安全和国家利益之间的关系,其中国家利益是国家安全的问题。基于这一假设,国家安全概念从军事途径和国家政策两个方面发展。这一假设的相关性可以在2018年5月25日看到,当时DPR正式批准了关于恐怖主义刑法的第15 /2003号法律。这条法律引发了两个问题。第一,TNI参与处理恐怖主义;第二,授予波尔里的权威自由。这个当局在处理恐怖主义案件时可能会采用军事手段。这些问题使人权活动人士对波里放弃军国主义方式的承诺产生了一些怀疑,因为这是创造民主警务努力的一部分。本文将研究在佐科维多多政府期间,Polri在处理恐怖主义案件中的作用。审查将分析波兰机构在新秩序后建立民主警务的承诺方面的作用和职能。关键词:警察、政策、安全、民主、恐怖主义
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引用次数: 0
The Problems of The Implementation of Authority on Affairs of Population and Civil Registration in Regional Governance in Banten Province 万丹省区域治理中人口与民事登记管理权的实施问题
Oki Oktaviana, Devi Triady Bachruddin, B. Darma
Oki Oktaviana Research and Development Division Regional Planning and Development Agency of Banten Province Serang, Indonesia oktavianaoki@gmail.com Devi Triady Bachruddin Research and Development Division Regional Planning and Development Agency of Banten Province Serang, Indonesia dvon.triady@gmail.com Bani Adi Darma Research and Development Division Regional Planning and Development Agency of Banten Province Serang, Indonesia baniadidarma87@gmail.com
Oki Oktaviana研究和发展司印度尼西亚色朗万丹省区域规划和发展署oktavianaoki@gmail.com印度尼西亚色朗万丹省研究和发展司区域规划和发展署Devi Triady Bachruddin dvon.triady@gmail.com印度尼西亚色朗万丹省Bani Adi Darma研究和发展司区域规划和发展署baniadidarma87@gmail.com
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引用次数: 0
Rural-Urban Linkage and Local Government Capacity in Coping With Water Crisis: A Brief Note From Indonesia 城乡联动与地方政府应对水危机的能力:来自印度尼西亚的简要说明
I. Widianingsih, Riswanda, Caroline Paskarina
— This article discusses rural-urban linkage and local government capacity in coping with water crises in Indonesian context. Water security problems often connect with flood, drought, and other catastrophises that occur globally. These issues closely relate to multiple problems, including economic burden, urbanization, other health and social related problems that mostly affect the life chances of women, children and vulnerable groups. This research refers to the work of Darian-Smith and McCarty (2017) who argue that development perspectives ought to place rural and urban areas in a bounded entity as an integrated development approach. The integrated approach is in line with the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development. This study focuses on the complexity of the needs of the vulnerable community groups concerning water insecurity and how local government address the issues in Citarum Watershed, West Java.
-本文讨论了在印度尼西亚的背景下,城乡联系和地方政府应对水危机的能力。水安全问题往往与洪水、干旱和其他全球性灾难有关。这些问题与多种问题密切相关,包括经济负担、城市化、其他健康和与社会有关的问题,这些问题主要影响妇女、儿童和弱势群体的生活机会。这项研究参考了Darian-Smith和McCarty(2017)的工作,他们认为发展视角应该将农村和城市地区置于一个有界的实体中,作为一种综合发展方法。综合办法符合《全球可持续发展议程》。本研究主要关注西爪哇Citarum流域弱势社区群体对水不安全需求的复杂性,以及当地政府如何解决这些问题。
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引用次数: 3
Digital Technology Application Policy In Supporting Digital Era Of Educational Industry In Politeknik Negeri Bandung And Sman 24 Bandung 支持数字时代教育产业的数字技术应用政策——万隆理工大学和万隆理工大学
M. Rosmiati
This study was aimed to determine the extent of the implementation of digital technology application in the education field, especially in Politeknik Negeri and SMAN 24 Bandung . The method used was a qualitative research design because the researcher seek to observe and express in depth what is happening in reality and will observe more and explore the behavior of the object being studied and also the policy of this digital technology application. The results of the study showed that Politeknik Negeri Bandung and SMAN 24 Bandung has implemented digital technology in almost all fields. It can be concluded that the policy for the application of digital technology needs to be implemented thoroughly in order to spread evenly in all fields that are the object of policy. In addition, there needs to be an effort to prepare Human Resources who are able to keep abreast of the times through the application of information technology in the education
本研究旨在确定数字技术应用在教育领域的实施程度,特别是在Politeknik Negeri和SMAN 24万隆。使用的方法是定性研究设计,因为研究者试图深入观察和表达现实中正在发生的事情,并且会更多地观察和探索被研究对象的行为以及这种数字技术应用的策略。研究结果表明,万隆理工学院和万隆理工学院在几乎所有领域都实施了数字技术。可以得出结论,数字技术的应用政策需要得到彻底的实施,以便在作为政策对象的所有领域均匀地传播。此外,还需要努力通过在教育中应用信息技术来培养能够与时俱进的人力资源人才
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the International Conference of Democratisation in Southeast Asia (ICDeSA 2019)
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