Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

The article presents the results of a study that included a survey of management personnel of Moscow medical organizations; interviews with heads of departments of polyclinics and with experts from the APE system; an analysis of the preliminary and subsequent questionnaires of students of the «Medical Organization Management» program. The attitudes of healthcare management personnel towards professional development, the range of areas of interest to them, and their attitude to various forms of education, including informal education, are shown. Since preparation for certification for a qualification category and special Moscow statuses can become an important step in professional development, the attitude of management personnel to these certification procedures was studied. An analysis of the results of the «entrance» and final questionnaires of students made it possible to assess the compliance of the advanced training program with the needs of managers, and the opinion of experts made it possible to clarify the most appropriate areas and formats of training.

The issue of calculating the personnel needs in healthcare remains key for the sustainable functioning of the medical care system and ensuring the availability of medical services. This paper provides a critical analysis of regulatory documents and methods used in the Russian Federation to assess the need for medical and paramedical personnel. Particular attention is paid to orders No. 230 and No. 974 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation their applicability to various types of institutions the role of part-time job coefficients reception time standards as well as the impact of regional amendments. Approaches to calculating the need are considered from the point of view of adaptability to the actual workload and infrastructure development scenarios. The main limitations of existing approaches are presented: outdated standards lack of an updating mechanism in the context of demographic shifts and data heterogeneity. Based on a summary of sources official statistics and expert assessments a step-by-step methodology for calculating the personnel needs has been developed including elements of scenario modeling digitalization and automation of the calculation process. Explanatory charts and tables illustrate typical approaches to working with data as well as potential distortions when using incorrect coefficients. The proposed scheme is aimed at integrating personnel planning into the management practice of regional bodies and medical organizations in order to improve the validity of decisions made.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the main conditions for health preservation. The paper examines subjective predictors of commitment to a healthy lifestyle as assessed by health workers. The article is based on a secondary analysis of data from the study «Study of the Human Resources Potential of Moscow Healthcare» conducted in 2023 by the State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of Healthcare» - NIIOZMM. 1,449 specialists - doctors and nurses of medical organizations of the capital were surveyed. Most of the study participants (67%) answered that their lifestyle is rather healthy, a quarter (26%) - unhealthy, 6% could not give an answer. Employees with secondary specialized education are less likely to note commitment to a healthy lifestyle (59%), and those who have completed residency - more often (74%). Commitment to a healthy lifestyle is more often demonstrated by employees working in medical organizations that carry out activities to form a healthy lifestyle among the population (78%). The main predictors of refusal to lead a healthy lifestyle based on logistic regression were identified as the perceptions of health workers about the conditions that hinder health behavior: lack of confidence in the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, lack of support from others, the presence of psychological problems, stress at work and at home. On the contrary, employees committed to a healthy lifestyle consider it important for the population to trust medical organizations and health workers. They are ready to bear responsibility for the healthy lifestyle of the population along with the state and the people themselves.

The paper focuses on several aspects as applied to the Russian Federation that expand the possibilities of modeling morbidity and identifying risk groups among residents of the region which currently cannot be used in an explicit way Several state information systems operate in the Russian Federation each of which was created to solve specific problems set by federal laws in the field of public health protection labor legislation and in the field of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population At the same time having data on the health of the population in medical information systems it is not yet possible to compare health risks with data from other information systems and conduct a comprehensive assessment of health risks for residents of the region.

The urgent problem of saving people in Russia requires an analysis of the causes and factors that hinder the expanded reproduction of the population. One of them should be considered the low level of reproductive health of the population. The family planning movement which was formed and developed in Russia in the 1990s plays an essential role in maintaining and strengthening the reproductive health of the population. An analysis of Russias thirty year experience in this field allows us to state positive results - a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rates the prevalence of artificial abortions the formation of rational contraceptive behavior of the population. A network of medical organizations has been established that provide medical and social assistance to the population on family planning issues. However to date a number of issues remain unresolved - the development of a national concept of sexual education and youth education the development of a multiprofessional approach and interdepartmental interaction in matters of preserving and strengthening the reproductive health of the population.

The relevance of employing older medical professionals is driven by the need to address the workforce shortage in the healthcare sector. The qualifications of these specialists are significantly influenced by their work experience in their specialty, which correlates with age-related characteristics. The study utilized statistics from the Moscow Department of Healthcare and data from surveys with specialists working within the Moscow healthcare system. The primary focus was on the qualifications of physicians. The study examined physicians proficiency in both hard and soft professional skills and found that, in most cases, older physicians outperform younger and mid-career professionals in acquiring hard skills. In terms of soft skills, older physicians lead in competencies such as patient communication and teamwork. Overall, it can be concluded that the qualifications of older physicians often surpass those of other age groups. However, they do face age-related limitations, such as reduced activity levels and weaker cognitive functions, which must be taken into account in continuing medical education programs and work schedules. With proper organization of labour and additional training, the performance of older physicians can be as successful as that of their middle-aged colleagues.

The average degree of accumulation of charges of emotional-energetic nature of self-direction was determined in healthcare workers (8.75), which is characterized by: an above-average indicator of the tendency to reproduce experiences of an unreacted plan (7.58), an average degree of tendency of a personality type to a mood of a reduced vector (7.02) and a tendency to reactions of a disorganizing emotional nature (7.16), a below-average level of emotional excitability of an uncontrollable aspect (4.25) and a tendency to behavior of an affective nature (3.97); the following were established: a high relationship between the tendency to reproduce experiences of an unreacted plan and the accumulation of charges of an emotional-energetic nature of self-direction (0.829), the tendency of a personality type to a mood of a reduced vector (0.765) and to reactions of a disorganizing emotional nature (0.793); a noticeable connection between the accumulation of charges of an emotional-energetic nature of auto-direction and the tendency of a personality type to a mood of a reduced vector (0.624).

The article examines the theoretical and practical foundations and models of integration of medical and non-medical universities in the context of training personnel in innovative educational programs. The article analyzes the institutional formats of cooperation, interdisciplinary approaches, resource and organizational effects of combining the efforts of universities of various profiles. It is shown that effective integration ensures the formation of new professional competencies at the intersection of medicine, biotechnology, occupational health and social sciences. The key principles of the organization of integrative programs and the directions of development of network models of higher education in healthcare are proposed.

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances (PAS) remains one of the key factors contributing to the development of non-communicable diseases and posing a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation. Preventive measures remain the most effective in minimizing negative impacts on public health, as supported by scientific research and enshrined in the *State Anti-Drug Policy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030* (Presidential Decree No. 733 of 23.11.2020).

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of implementing the standardized operational procedure (SOP) «Model of Short-Term Motivational Intervention During Preventive Medical Examinations of Students for Early Detection of Illicit Use of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances».

Materials and methods: The study materials included: original research on preventive medical examinations; methodological guidelines on short-term motivational intervention developed by the authors; data from the study «Improving Measures for Preventing Addictive Behavior Among Adolescents and Youth in the Russian Federation»; results of a randomized controlled trial comparing the SOP and traditional examination approaches. The findings were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods.

Conclusion: The SOP, integrated into a preventive informational conversation between a psychiatrist-narcologist and a student, improves screening quality and enhances the detection of risk factors for non-medical PAS use, while also strengthening motivation, personal responsibility for health, and commitment to a healthy lifestyle.

The article presents an analysis of international experience in assessing the quality of medical care provided to the population through multidisciplinary teams. The main tools for assessing the quality of medical care at the primary level of health care are considered. As tools were considered models of self-evaluation of professional activity of multidisciplinary teams, the level of satisfaction of patients with the medical services provided to them, criteria included in programs for monitoring the work of team specialists. The article reflects the results of the use of quality assessment tools in primary health care organizations in a number of countries: Great Britain, Spain, Canada, China, etc. The results of foreign studies underline the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in health care that affects various aspects of quality of medical care. Assessing criteria such as patient survival, access to care, safety of health services, compliance with recommendations and patient satisfaction allows key factors to be identified, improving the delivery of health care to the public through multidisciplinary teams.