Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Analysis methods) allow for a comprehensive assessment of healthcare technologies based on diverse criteria. The study analyzes the main MCDA methods and the specifics of their application for prioritizing medical technologies. The materials are obtained from the PubMed database and the Google system. A generalized MCDA algorithm is presented, and frequently used models are highlighted: the weighted sum method (WSM), the theory of multicriteria utility (MAUT), and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The MCDA support software tools are considered. Special attention is paid to promising hybrid methods (AHP-TOPSIS) and models for dealing with uncertainties (fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS). Effective implementation of MCDA requires the development of medical informatics, but the key role belongs to the human factor - experts who determine the analysis strategy, the quality of the source data and the interpretation of the results. Automated systems and artificial intelligence need mandatory monitoring and validation by specialists when used for management decisions in healthcare.

Childhood obesity is one of the most important public health problems, as it is associated with the development of concomitant diseases and deterioration of social, emotional and mental health. The high prevalence of overweight among children worldwide requires the development of effective prevention and treatment methods. Traditional approaches based on personal contact with specialists have limited availability. Digitalization, on the one hand, exacerbates the problem due to physical inactivity and easy access to unhealthy food, and on the other hand, opens up new opportunities due to childrens receptivity to digital technologies. The purpose of this work is to systematize modern data on the impact of media and digital technologies on body mass index in children and adolescents. An analysis of PubMed/MEDLINE publications over the past five years has revealed the main digital risk factors: advertisements for harmful products, lack of movement in front of screens, eating while watching, and the psychological impact of content. At the same time, mobile apps and gaming programs have proven effective in combating obesity. Comprehensive approaches combining digital tools with face-to-face visits to doctors are particularly promising.

The article presents a qualitative study of existing tools and models of motivation for professional development of specialists involved in the provision of primary health care in the global USA Canada Great Britain China and domestic practice. For more than a quarter of a century the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have been actively implementing motivational tools to develop the professionalization of primary health care specialists. Many countries have already formed full fledged motivational models at the state level which allows us to consider this phenomenon as an object of scientific research. The motivation model is a necessary element of all modern health care systems. For sustainable development it must be effective. The global trend is continuous education additional payments for qualifications and burnout prevention. Models of different countries have both common features and national differences. The global trend is continuous education additional payments for qualifications and burnout prevention. At the same time North American models have a pronounced decentralized nature. European countries gravitate towards centralization but strive to introduce valid performance indicators. Asian models are characterized by the presence of ultra strict state regulation with market mechanisms and digital assessment tools. The modern Russian model combines formal centralization with weak material incentives for professional development.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the dynamics in the number of people with disabilities in Russia between 2021 and 2024, focusing on younger (children) and older (101 years and older) age groups. The study aims to identify key trends and factors influencing changes in the number of people with disabilities in these groups. The methodology is based on statistical analysis of data from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS) and expert interviews. It is shown that the total number of people with disabilities demonstrates non-linear dynamics, with a sharp decrease in 2022 followed by subsequent growth. The number of children with disabilities remains stable or increases, which is associated with improved diagnostics, expansion of disability criteria, and a number of socio-economic factors. The anomalous growth in the number of people with disabilities over the age of 101 in 2024 is explained by demographic aging, improvements in the accounting system, and the possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results have practical significance for adjusting government programs and improving the disability accounting system. The study contributes to the understanding of demographic and social processes related to disability and identifies directions for further research.

Amid the rapid expansion of biomedical publications and the increasing complexity of the oncology research landscape, there is a growing need for a systematic analysis of thematic priorities that define global and national trajectories of scientific advancement. Oncology, as a field at the forefront of interdisciplinary innovation, spans domains from immune and cellular technologies to molecular imaging and epigenetic targets. Identifying frontier research areas that combine high scientific intensity, sustained international relevance, and translational potential is becoming a key tool for science policy and strategic planning. This study aims to map the most prominent oncology-related topics that emerged between 2021 and 2025, using data from the SciVal platform. A content-bibliometric analysis was conducted on the twenty leading thematic clusters in global oncology, followed by a comparative assessment of their representation in the Russian publication landscape. Metrics analyzed included publication output, field-weighted citation impact (FWCI), engagement dynamics, and institutional distribution. The results indicate that Russian research is contributing to several key topics, exhibiting high citation performance in niche areas such as exosomes, CAR-T therapy, radiomics, and immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. However, many globally significant topics remain underrepresented in the Russian agenda, reflecting structural and human resource gaps in areas such as epigenetics, microbiome studies, precision immunomodulation, and regulated cell death mechanisms. These findings highlight both thematic gaps and institutional growth zones that require targeted support. Identifying advanced research areas positioned at the interface of scientific innovation and clinical applicability may inform the modernization of research infrastructure, the prioritization of national grant programs, and the integration of Russian research centers into global scientific consortia.

The aim of the study was to identify the features of the relationship between psychological defense mechanisms and emotional burnout in nurses with different lengths of professional experience. The study involved 570 nurses working in inpatient departments of city clinical hospitals. Two form methods were used: the method of V. V. Boyko «Emotional Burnout» and the method of «Lifestyle Index» by L. I. Wasserman. It was revealed that nurses in stressful and crisis situations often use the mechanisms of denial intellectualization and reactive education. In the group of nurses without signs of emotional burnout syndrome which made up 50 of the total research sample a balance of all psychological defense mechanisms and the absence of their relationships with the symptoms of the phases of emotional burnout were found. In the group of nurses at the stage of developing emotional burnout positive relationships were found between the indicators of the severity of its symptoms and such destructive psychological defenses as repression and regression and negative ones - reactive formation. Nurses with pronounced signs of emotional burnout are characterized by a decrease in the frequency of using all psychological defense mechanisms their imbalance and the presence of negative relationships with the symptoms of emotional burnout. It is concluded that when organizing preventive measures it is necessary to take into account the fact of the temporary positive impact of psychological defense mechanisms on the psychoemotional states of nurses and their subsequent destructive influence manifested in the emergence and development of emotional burnout syndrome.

The purpose of the study was to study the medical and organizational aspects of providing medical care in the field of obstetrics and gynecology at the regional level by conducting a survey of medical staff working in medical organizations in the Tula region. 408 respondents took part in the survey. Of these, 56 heads of structural divisions, 53 secondary medical workers, and 299 specialist doctors. The study of the medical and organizational aspects of providing medical care in the field of obstetrics and gynecology has shown that promising areas for the development of the maternity and childhood care system are the formation of new regional routes for women of fertile age, pregnant women, women in labor and women in labor with the formation of a unified organizational and functional structure for reproductive health. The organization of the coordination centers activities as the main provider of medical and preventive services with an integrated information system for automated support of management decisions using artificial intelligence technologies is aimed at providing affordable and high quality obstetric and gynecological care to the population. Updating route management processes, taking into account the identified aspects of improvement, will increase the efficiency of planning and use of resources in the obstetric care system, will rationalize the use of the bed fund, human resources and technical equipment of medical organizations.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the dynamics of changes in the regional human resource well-being index as an integral indicator that allows for an objective assessment of the state of the human resource potential of the healthcare system using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The analysis showed that over a five-year period in the Republic of Tatarstan, the situation with the provision of medical personnel either stabilized or demonstrated positive dynamics relative to the initial year of observation. The identified trend is due to a significant improvement in the human resource situation in 2020, the period of the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic, but subsequently a deterioration in a number of key indicators was observed. The results of the analysis are valuable for the formation of scientifically based approaches to improving regional human resource policy in the field of healthcare, ensuring the effective development of relevant programs and activities.

This study provides an overview of innovative solutions provided by the Federal project Lean Polyclinic and implemented in medical institutions in Russia. The results obtained by medical organizations in the field of process optimization are revealed. The impact of optimization on employees and patients of organizations is analyzed. The article provides an overview of government and corporate partnerships using the example of the Rosatom State Corporation in the implementation of the Federal project Lean Polyclinic. The article also analyzes the main results and economic benefits of the project by the end of 2024 and examines particularly important areas of innovation in the organizational processes of medical institutions, improving the resources most important for the activities of medical organizations, optimizing the space and time of service provision, convenience and accessibility of medical services for patients, etc. Attention is focused on official sources on integration, collaboration and projects of various companies and organizations with medical institutions for the implementation of the Russian Federal project Lean Polyclinic, such as, for example, the Rostatom State Corporation. In addition, the article presents statistical data by the end of 2024 on the implementation of this project. The conducted research has determined that due to the further development of the project, many problems relevant to polyclinics are being solved, including determining social benefits, economic efficiency, and social significance for various groups of citizens - potential patients of medical institutions at different levels. The article also focuses on the economic benefits of the project.

The article reflects the role of the dietetic community as a service for effectively countering the growing global burden of diseases related to malnutrition, including malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, overweight and obesity. A key element of healthcare transformation in this direction is to ensure a sufficient number of highly qualified dietitians, whose density per 100,000 population is recognized by WHO as the most important indicator of the countrys nutritional potential. However, world practice shows a widespread shortage of such specialists, even in developed countries. Strengthening the role and increasing the number of dietitians, ensuring their continuous professional development and creating a regulated professional environment are an integral modern trend and a prerequisite for building sustainable healthcare systems.