Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

The implementation of information technologies into treatment practice of modern health care significantly increases efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of dorsopathies. The purpose of the study is to develop software module to evaluate post-urological status of patients with spine dorsopathy to optimize diagnostic process and treatment planning. The article describes application of original software module to assess the post-urological status of patients with spine dorsopathy. The proposed software module is designed for objective assessment of post-urological status of patients with spine dorsopathy based on photographic images of examined patient. The most important advantage of software module is built-in forecasting function that is implemented by calculation of severity of pain perceptions and movement disorders using generated regression equations. The possibility to record data obtained during measurements permits to store information in single system. The implementation of software module into clinical practice will contribute to qualitative improvement of diagnostic processes, simplify work of osteopath and reduce the time spent on examination.

The article analyzes publications considering motivation of plasma donors by factors related to ethical and socio-economic aspects. Their detailed analysis and systematical consideration in the work contributes into more effective informing of new potential donors, improving recruitment and retention of donors. The detailed analysis established among causes of negative beliefs and negative experiences regarding donorship such factors as increased risk of infectious diseases, decreased vitality, vaso-vagal reactions and reduced iron content. It is demonstrated that experienced plasma donors try to maintain practice of donorship in conditions of intensive life activity, often applying flexible approach to frequency of plasma donation. Their knowledge about contribution that their donation makes is key factor in continuing donation. However, the COVID-19 pandemic developed additional obstacles to donorship due to state preventive measures and increased personal health risks. In order to develop donorship policy during pandemic in the future, it is important to study changes in motivation of donors during pandemic.

The article presents results of sociological analysis of social health of modern student youth. The empirical basis of study was composed with results of monitoring study of student youth carried out by sociological laboratory of the Department of Sociology and Social Technologies. Within a framework of sociological monitoring, were evaluated such components of social health of student youth as relationships with friends and relatives, relationships in student community, inter-ethnic relations in University and region, participation in public life, social well-being, active life position and family practices and values. It is established that modern possibilities of living conditions allow each person to organize one's life-style in such a way as to develop synergetic effect for social health, combining achieved standards of organization of everyday life and fashion for healthy lifestyle. It is namely such synergistic effect can be enhanced and induced in social environment. The main role at that is played by namely large multi-generational family.

The suicide is serious public health problem with far-reaching social, emotional and economic consequences. The world trend is significant input of both suicide itself and suicide-like attempts into external causes of mortality, tangible challenge to health life, especially in the youngest population. The WHO estimates that currently more than 700,000 suicides occur worldwide yearly, and each one deeply affect others persons. Russia takes one the first places in the world with its rate of teenage suicides. The suicide of adolescents aged 10-24 years is actual social demographic problem. The process of rapid physical, cognitive and psycho-social growth of this contingent affect feelings, thinking, decision-making and interaction with outside world, causing development of behavioral models corresponding to individual specific of responses to impacting environmental factors. Purpose of the study is, on basis of results of mental health monitoring from analytical materials on population suicidal behavior with emphasis on children and adolescent contingent, to present general conception of suicide as social phenomenon, to make brief historical excursus into becoming and development of problem; to discuss min terminology applied; to present corresponding statistics and to reveal difficulties in obtaining information.

The article presents results of analysis of morbidity rates in children aged 15-17 years in the Russian Federation, the Volga Federal Okrug, the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov Oblast and the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2014-2022. According to research data, in the Russian Federation there is an increase of general and primarily detected (primary) morbidity by 24.0% (from 229,468.3 to 231,505.5) and by 22.3% (from 143,109.3 to 149,143.8), respectively. In the morbidity structure, the greatest increase was noted for such diseases as obesity (24.0 and 27.8%, respectively), diabetes mellitus (30.9 and 32.8%, respectively) and diabetes mellitus type I (31.9 and 30.8%, respectively). The data of statistical reports on general and primarily detected (primary) morbidity of the Central Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Minzdrav of Russia were used. The study established general and primarily detected morbidity in the Russian Federation. However, forecast for 2027, as compared with 2014, is marked by decline of total morbidity by 8.3% and primarily detected (primary) morbidity by 5.2%. Due to the unfavorable forecast for morbidity in the Russian Federation for 2027, further scientific studies are needed concerning children aged 15-17 years in order to develop preventive measures at population, group and individual levels, considering regional characteristics.

The application of mathematical modeling approaches based on factual demand of the population of territories in setting of medical and technical tasks makes it possible to significantly optimize costs of construction and equipping primary health care objects. This is confirmed by both corresponding calculations and results of analysis. This operation is oriented both on structural divisions of regional executive authorities responsible for setting of medical and technical tasks, and on investment companies implementing projects in health care.

The approaches to analysis of medical personnel of stomatological service continue to be based on principles formed in relation to state health care system that makes it difficult to objectively assess situation due to increasing proportion of specialists employed in its private sector. The study, targeted to comprehensive comparative analysis of stomatological medical personnel of state and private medical organizations in the Irkutsk Oblast, for the first time made it possible to assess provision of population of large region and its municipalities with stomatologists, considering specialists employed in private medical organizations, in dynamics and in context of separate specialties. The decrease in provision of population with stomatologists in state medical organizations by 12.3% in 2019-2023 against the background of its increase in private ones by 14.5% was revealed. In 2023, 50.5% of stomatologists were concentrated in private sector of stomatological service and 30.8% in state sector. Yet another 18.7% combined their work in medical organizations of both types. The stomatologists employed in private sector of stomatological service were mainly concentrated in metropolises, especially in regional center, where their provision exceeds average regional level by 2.6 times.

The article continues to consider problem of regulation of pharmaceuticals turn-over in the EU and the USA in 1992-2020. The history of development of European pharmaceutical legislation in 1992-2001 is considered. This stage is characterized by passing Directives (laws of indirect action) that were obligatory for implementation through their inclusion into national normative legal bases. In 2001 the passed laws were compiled into EU Pharmaceutical Code (Directive 2001/83) that regulates main sections of pharmaceuticals turn-over from their production to pharmaceutical control. The adoption of Code laid the foundation for EU legislation in the field of medications.

The article presents updated information concerning satisfaction of patients with quality of medical care in public and private health care institutions in Russia. The purpose of the study is to explore satisfaction with medical services in different groups of Russian population using representative sampling and considering various aspects of medical care quality. The statistical analysis on the basis of data of telephone survey "The National Monitoring of Public Health" (2022) was applied. The respondents were asked about four aspects of medical care quality: explanation of health condition and treatment, involvement into desision making concerning treatment, trust to medical workers, readiness for another visit. The most patients of public and private medical institutions were satisfied with all aspects of medical care quality. The level of satisfaction varies in different groups: it was lower in less healthy patients and patients with unmet demands in medical care. No significant differences in satisfaction of patients were established in relation to socio-demographic characteristics (except place of residence). Most patients were satisfied with two aspects of medical care quality at once. However, 1-9% and 8-14% of patients of private and public clinics were satisfied with one aspect and dissatisfied with another. Despite dominance of patient satisfaction nation-wide, behaviors in some patient groups requires more detailed study to develop measures promoting their further involvement into health care system.

The article considers social, demographic and professional factors determining choice by general practitioners and district therapists of place of employment and their professional motivation. The special questionnaire was developed to be applied in sociological survey. The sampling included general practitioners and district therapists of outpatient medical organizations of the Health Department and the private health care sector of Moscow. The final analysis included 399 questionnaires. It is established that possibility of job combining depends on number of children physician has. The significance of conditions for career growth increases with physician age and availability of adult children. The opportunities for research and education activities are of great value for physicians of private health sector who obtained higher education in Russia and having adult children. The preferred management style of line manager and model of communication with patient are affected by level of workload, working conditions and income level. The preferences regarding type of organizational culture are affected by place of birth. For physicians who graduated from Russian universities, significant factor of non-material incitement is possibility of additional rest. The physicians of older age working in private health sector more often consider career advancement as professional development goal. The factors influencing choice of place of employment and professional motivation in general practitioners and district therapists are summarized. The proposals for attracting, retaining and stimulating physicians are formulated.