Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

In children population, infectious diseases propagate rather rapidly and they have their own peculiarities in course. The COVID-19 coronavirus infection was no exception in it and created new challenges in organization of medical care and prevention of its spread. The purpose of the study was to investigate dynamics of general and primary morbidity in children aged 0-14 and 15-17 years and characteristics of organization of medical care in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytical and statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, were applied. The software MS Excel 2007 and Statistica 10 were applied to process data. It was established that in 2017-2022 total children morbidity aged 0-14 years decreased up to 18.0%, primary morbidity up to 19.3%, in children aged 15-17 years up to 3.8% and 4.2% respectively. Despite implemented anti-epidemic measures morbidity of COVID-19 in children increased annually. The medical care of children was provided according to the Procedure of provision of medical care by profile "Pediatrics" but due to COVID-19 propagation, adjustments were applied. This affected state medical organizations re-profiled for medical care of patients with confirmed COVID-19 corona-virus infection. Despite increasing of general and primary children morbidity against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic during study period indicators decreased. At that, respiratory diseases increased that determined decision-making in management of medical care organization of patients.

The article is devoted to nutrition of population in the USSR during governing of N. S. Khrushchev in 1955-1964. It is demonstrated that despite continuation by new regime implementation of administrative command strategy of managing national economy, radical changes in principles, tactics and methods of decision-making led to diametrically opposite, negative results in population food supply carried out earlier in the country by the former Stalinist leadership. Numerous complaints of people about inability to feed the family are presented. The low purchasing possibility of population with simultaneous shortage of products in stores has been proved. It is established that food crisis of the middle of 1950s - early 1960s resulted from imbalance between supply and demand in field of food delivery. The government's ill-conceived measures on opening up virgin lands, elimination of machine tractor stations that were basis of agro-industrial complex, contradictory actions limiting plots of land of peasants, passion for planting corn, increase of agricultural and income taxes from villagers, etc. All this caused problems in nutrition of population. The possibility of falsified data in documents prepared for government on food issues, even classified as secret, is claimed, due to lies prevailing in country and conjuncture atmosphere. The negative assessment of Khrushchev's reforms by population, nostalgia for Stalin's times with constant price cuts and salary increases are indicated. The norms of products needed for balanced diet and real situation with annual consumption per capita in the 1960s are calculated. It is emphasized that in the USSR emergence of workers protests occurred due to increase of state food prices and low wages. The culmination of these processes became shooting by troops in Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, of peaceful demonstration suppressed by direct order of Head of state in June 1962. The multiple differences, concealed by the authorities, in prices for basic foodstuffs of Soviet citizens and population in capitalist countries, in favor of the latter. The conclusion ids made that utopia and lies, economic voluntarism were cornerstones of paradigm prevailing in the Khrushchev era, that resulted in food crisis and the half-starved existence of majority of inhabitants of the USSR.

Nowadays, online environment is the main source of health information. The purpose of the study was twofold and supposed, firstly, adaptation of Russian version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), and secondly, analysis of relationship between eHEALS scores and indications of critical thinking and phenomena of cyber environment (doom-scrolling, cyberchondria and social networks dependence) among Russians. The sampling consisted of 1,025 respondents. Besides eHEALS, such questionnaires as Doomscrolling Scale, Cyberchondria Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale and Thinking Style Questionnaire were applied. The results of data factorization revealed one-factor structure of questionnaire. The high values of Cronbach α-coefficient (α = 0.929) and MacDonald's ω-coefficient (ω = 0.930) confirmed inner consistency of adapted scale. The total indicator according eHEALS was positively correlated with general health index, indicators of doomscrolling, cyberchondria, social networks dependence and analytical thinking style. The negative correlation was established indicators of synthetic and idealistic thinking styles. The online literacy in health information issues was related to female gender, but had no dependencies with age of respondents. The residents of Moscow and other megalopolises had higher indicators of online literacy in matters of health information as compared with residents of Oblast and district centers. The psychometric analysis of Russian version of the eHEALS confirmed its psychometric validity.

The article considers issues of legal regulation of preconception diagnostics (preconception screening) targeted to studying carriage of monogenic diseases and facilitating implementation by potential parents their informed choice. It is emphasized that currently in the Russian Federation there is no comprehensive legal regulation of preconception screening. The existing legal regulation is fragmented. The development of relevant legal regulation requires to take into account targeted nature of preconception screening that is to be clearly distinguished from so-called opportunistic screening i.e. examination for no apparent reasons, indications or purpose. Besides, future normative regulation is to provide accessibility of this type of examination for patients, including its cost reduction.

The article presents analysis of normative and factual number of stomatologists in the Irkutsk Oblast. The comparison was carried out in relation to stomatologists employed in state medical organizations as well as taking into account private sector in stomatological service that is conditioned by high proportion of specialists employed in it. In the Irkutsk Oblast, significant discrepancy between factual number of stomatologists and staffing standards is established if apply exclusively state sector of stomatological service for comparison (39.9%). However, the total number of physicians in state and private medical organizations corresponds to standards to much greater extent (79.1%). Also significant dispersion of indicator of compliance of factual number of stomatologists with staffing standards between municipalities of the Irkutsk Oblast, excessive concentration of specialists in regional center, exceeding value recommended by standards by 2.3 times for stomatologists in general practice and stomatological therapists was revealed. Based on the study results, the number of proposals formulated to improve staffing standards of recommended number of stomatologists.

The social economic crisis and international sanctions significantly affected health care system that requires implementation of new organizational approaches with medical, social and economic benefits. Currently, up to 80% of budgetary funds for health care are spent on in-patient care, although 20-50% of patients could be effectively treated in less expensive short-stay hospitals. The purpose of the study is to assess efficiency of specialized care in maxillofacial surgery in conditions of short-stay hospitals. In maxillofacial surgery, implementation of in-patient substitution technologies is justified that ensure availability of minimally invasive surgeries and reduction of treatment time. The analysis of data of 2,022 patients hospitalized in the Maxillofacial Hospital for War Veterans of the Moscow Health Department from January 1 to December 31 2023 demonstrated that 1,518 patients (65.37%) were treated in the 24-hour in-patient department and 504 patients (34.63%) in the short-stay in-patient department. Among them, 738 males (36.3%) and 1,284 females (63.7%), average age of patients was 42.5 ± 17.82 years. In the 24-hour in-patient department, females accounted for 62.85% and males 37.15%. In short-stay in-patient department, females accounted for 65.48%, males for 34.52%. The average stay in 24-hour hospital was 5.6 bed days and in short-stay hospital - 6-8 hours. The economic efficiency of short-stay hospitals was demonstrated in significant savings of medications and services. The level of patient satisfaction is higher in short-stay hospital (8.4 points versus 8.1 points in 24-hour hospital). The development of short-stay hospitals in maxillofacial surgery contributes into improving of quality and accessibility of medical care, modernizing medical infrastructure and optimizing budget expenditures.

In the context of modern competition, project management approach can ensure higher speed and quality of achieving strategic objectives set for health care industry at minimal cost and risk. Due to the need to implement regional projects with higher speed and quality, the problems of algorithmization of project management processes becomes relevant. The complex multi-level system of project implementation in health care industry, instability of external environment and variety of needs of stakeholders requires finding algorithm to implement management processes. The purpose of the study was to find prototype model for managing processes of medical organization project, built on formalized data of functional components of project and algorithms obtained during stage-by-stage modeling of the system. In the process of development of operation of the system its elements and presentation of data were iteratively refined and in accordance with data algorithms were synchronously refined too. To build prototype model of management processes in regional medical organization for subsequent digitization it is necessary to formalize variables, to determine in accordance with size of the range of values that variable can take for subsequent effective algorithmization of management processes. The stages of project management processes were correlated with classification characteristics of models to establish stages of their construction and modeling of working model of prototype project. To establish optimal prototype of project management processes its immediate integration with project environment of medical organization is required using machine learning methods. The study results confirmed necessity to proceed search for project management tools increasing efficiency of operational activities of medical organizations implementing regional projects in health care industry.

The students morbidity becomes more and more serious problem due to increasing demands of modern educational process. There is a need to more carefully monitor implementation of medical care of students, to carry out regular preventive examinations, to provide students with appropriate psychological assistance to create environment conducive to learning. To resolve problem of student morbidity is important both for maintaining health of young population and for their favorable academic advancement. The article consider effect of such environmental factors as stress, lack of sleep, poor nutrition, low physical activity contributing into increase of students morbidity in conditions of modern educational process.The Russian and foreign publications were analyzed to identify the most significant ones to be included into review.

The article analyzes problems occurring at initial stage of commencing criminal suit, where victim is person who was subjected to sexual violence. The special attention is paid to aspects of collection of biological objects - exhibits of unlawful acts against sexual inviolability and personal sexual freedom. The article systematically analyzes available methods and modes of collecting exhibits of biological origin within the framework of investigation of crimes against sexual inviolability, needed for forensic medical expertise in judicial systems of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. Among other things, correlation of mental condition of victim and complete evidence base are demonstrated. The results of the study permitted to propose means to solve identified problems in form of development of new expert techniques of collecting exhibits of biological origin and their implementation into system of expert and medical institutions of the Minzdrav of Russia.

The archives of Ministry of Health of Russia, journal publications, interviews and memoirs testify that issue of quality of medications was key one in life of Russian Pharma in 1992-2004. The drug safety support considered not only as part of social policy, but also as rules that could be used to reformat"wild bazaar" into "controlled market". The media disputes, departmental justifications, political bills and memoirs give idea about "price of the issue" - tension of emotions, ambitions, financial losses. Furthermore, depending on one who would determine quality (therefore evaluate all players in Pharma market) depended where center of power would be located in the market. In series of reports results of historical reconstruction of building materials, architects and technologies of Russian regulatory system and market rules are presented. The first report considers differences in modes of resolving problems of quality of medications in so-called "socialist" and "capitalist" worlds. Accordingly, what kind of controlling infrastructure inherited modernized Russian state from the USSR is demonstrated. The efforts of Ministry of Health of Russia to preserve and to strengthen this inheritance are presented as struggle for impacting market in conditions of resource-deficient space.