Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

In conditions of impetuous development of informational communicative technologies and intensification of need in remote medical services experiment on formation of telemedicine consultations acquires special actuality. The study is targeted to developing and testing experimental model of telemedicine reception of patients of otorhinolaryngology profile under out-patient conditions. The experiment consisted of two-stage examination (simulation of telemedicine consultation followed by in-person examination) and involved 10 qualified otorhinolaryngologists and 370 patients of municipal policlinic. The analysis of study results permitted to establish that preliminary remote diagnosis coincides with final face-to-face examination in 74.05% of cases. The study results demonstrated that telemedicine consultations in out-patient conditions can be an effective tool for diagnostics and treatment prescription in case of uncomplicated diseases of upper respiratory tract. In 88.65% of cases, treatment recommendations provided at first stage corresponded to ones prescribed after complete examination. The main limitation of telemedicine reception occurred impossibility to perform full-value physical examination.

The article presents results of comprehensive study using qualitative and quantitative research strategy with purpose to investigate attitudes of the students youth related to health preservation. The object of the study is students attitude to their own health. The theoretical concepts of health preservation in youths environment. The sociological characteristics of attitude of students to health and specificity of understanding health among international students are demonstrated. The factors affecting formation of attitudes of health-preserving behavior of the youth are identified. The attitudes of health-preserving behavior are classified as social cultural and social economic ones. The presented sociological data was obtained through sociological survey of students of Moscow and St. Petersburg and 6 focus group interviews. It is demonstrated that students are aware of importance of maintaining health for their further life. The health occupies the fifth position in structure of values. The young people are disposed to rely on opinion of their parents. The Internet resources are also popular. Despite limited financial resources, young people are ready to purchase quality goods to support their health. In conclusion the fact is established about necessity to develop social technologies targeting achievement balanced health-preserving behavior of the youth.

In 2023, survey of Russian respondents aged 18 and older established that main problems faced by young people were "employment issues" (39%), "housing problems" (37%), "difficulties in obtaining good education" (28%), and "lack of ideals and atmosphere of spiritual impoverishment" (25%). The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (2024) established issues of "realization of human potential and education of socially responsible personality" as National goal of development of the country. The Strategy of Implementation of the Youth Policy in the Russian Federation (approved in 2024) presents critical analysis of current state of youth policy and determines problems in this area. This study analyzes the Federal normative legal acts (the Federal Law, the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Decrees and Orders of the Government of the Russian Federation) and simultaneously compares indicators marked to characterize achievement of National goal. Factually, this means availability of established normative legal framework governing relations in the field of youth policy, characterized by coherence and continuity of documents.

The article considers accessibility of medical care of patients with circulatory diseases in the Subjects of the Far East Region in accordance with procedures of providing medical care and clinical protocols by profiles "Cardiology", "Functional Diagnostics" and "Ultrasound Diagnostics". The problems of inadequate staffing and regional disproportions in provision of physicians in medical organizations providing medical care to patients with circulatory diseases are revealed. The results of the study of indicators of people-ware in medical organizations at provision of consultative diagnostic care in case of diseases of circulatory system indicate necessity to develop new organizational legal solutions by executive authorities in the field of health care at the Federal and regional levels both in process of planned training and assigning of specialists in the Subjects of the Far Eastern Region and under planning volume of medical care with purpose of further development of specialized, including high-tech one, medical care of population residing in hard-to-reach territories of the Far East Region.

The gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as disorder of glucose tolerance that is first detected during pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to investigate course and outcomes of pregnancy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus over 10 years. The analysis of course of pregnancy, childbirth and condition of newborns of 2363 women with gestational diabetes mellitus, observed in Ivanovo antenatal clinics in 2014-2023, was carried out. The analysis established increasing of rate of such complications as threatened early miscarriage, threatened late miscarriage, cervical insufficiency, toxicosis of pregnancy, anemia, chronic arterial hypertension, gestational arterial hypertension, moderate and severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction syndrome, chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia, polyhydramnios, intrauterine fetal death, placenta previa, premature separation of normally located placenta, diabetic fetopathy. The childbirth was complicated by prenatal rupture of amniotic fluid, weakness of labor, dis-coordination of labor, clinically narrow pelvis, shoulder dystocia, and operative delivery. In newborns, congenital malformations, renal pyelectasia, and respiratory distress syndrome were diagnosed. The connecting-link between organism of mother and developing fetus is placenta. The various changes affecting maternal organism, including hyperglycemia, continue in formation of adverse events especially in placenta and subsequent development of negative complications and outcomes of pregnancy.

The basic direction of the implementation of national projects in health care is development of primary health care, including specialized one of patients with chronic non-epidemic diseases and increasing of efficiency of dispensary observation. Among such diseases are mental disorders requiring dispensary observation as key measure of medical care. According to clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, implementation of social rehabilitation is mandatory direction of dispensary observation for these diseases. The existing approaches to organization of social rehabilitation in psychiatry require further development and improvement in conditions of introduction of new normative legal documents. The article reflects experience of organization of social care of patients with mental disorders at the regional level, considering team forms of work. The normative legal support of activities, main functional responsibilities and tasks of social worker are studied, taking into account work with such patients. The role of social worker in medical social care of patients with mental diseases is analyzed. The measures are elaborated to develop organization of social rehabilitation programs considering implementation of team forms of work. The efficiency of their implementation is evaluated. In 2019-2024, in the Irkutsk Psychoneurological Dispensary, the number of social workers increased from 8.75 to 27.5 full-time positions.

The article presents analysis of experience of elimination of the COVID-19 pandemic from position of implementation of restrictive measures and their impact as damaging factors on the elderly and citizens with limited mobility under emergency situations. It is established that inclusion of low-mobility citizens and people in conditions of forced self-isolation into life support algorithms increases efficiency of rescue measures. The structure responsible for implementation of the given function is contact center, a division of operational headquarters for elimination of emergency situation. Using beforehand formed database of register of people with limited mobility and well-established communication channels, operators of contact center organize informational methodological support, remote monitoring and correction of vital functions, as well as efficient evacuation and hospitalization of citizens belonging to the given category.

The article analyzes 14 scientific platforms fixed by the Strategy for the Development of Medical Science in the Russian Federation up to 2025. The role of national medical research centers (NMRC) subordinate to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in their implementation is also considered. The analysis of the quantitative distribution permitted to identify leaders both among participants of NMRC and among scientific platforms themselves, as well as to assess contribution of NMRC into their implementation. The results of the study provide an opportunity for preliminary qualitative assessment of degree of interdisciplinary in implementation of one or another scientific platform. The relationship is established between national priorities determined by scientific platforms and world trends in the field of medicine and health care, corresponding to subject areas of foreign international databases of scientific citation. To identify priority thematic directions of scientific research, scientometric analysis of publications for 2021-2023 by 58 subject categories of Web of Science in the field of medicine and health care for the world and the Russian Federation with calculation of Russias contribution into world publication landscape. The implementation of scientific platforms involves NMRC, which have both thematic profile and topics of research carrying out within the framework of state tasks ordered by the Ministry of Health of Russia, corresponds to content of scientific platforms themselves.

The article considers international experience of studying mental health of migrants. The actuality of this problem is conditioned by massive migration flow that occurred because of large number of military conflicts and desire of people to ensure better life for themselves and their descendants. The article describes the most common mental disorders among migrants, factors affecting their mental health and barriers they encounter on their way to good mental state. The impact of coronavirus infection pandemic on mental health of migrants is considered. The review indicates measures targeted to improve mental status of displaced persons, including application of participatory approach and implementation of concept of positive mental health. To maintain adequate mental health of migrants, holistic and interdisciplinary approach is required that considers ethnic and cultural characteristics of community of displaced persons.

Nowadays, AI technologies are an integral part of modern science. The processes of broad implementation of AI technologies into research activities became a challenge to ethical foundations of science functioning as social institution, capable not only to change established characteristics of research processes, but also to cause risks of wide propagation of academic fraud. The AI tools have a number of advantages determining scales increase and expansion of areas of their application in processes of receiving and presenting scientific results. The article outlines directions of AI application in research activities. The various positions regarding capabilities of AI technologies at different stages of scientific search. The key ethical risks and areas of ethical reflection on AI tools of scientific research in the field of bio-medicine are emphasized. The formats of putting and solving problems of ethics of science on external and internal contour, including consideration of specifics of biomedical research involving humans are analyzed. The tasks of reflection on processes of research transformation under AI influence and development of guidelines of proper application of AI technologies are substantiated. The tasks of maintaining quality of scientific research and compliance with established ethical standards of science are considered.