Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

The dorsopathy is among of common causes of restriction of human life activity, affecting one's working capacity and quality of life. The purpouse of the study was to carry out comparative analysis of dorsopathy and spondylopathy morbidity of adult population in the Russian Federation and the Subjects of the Northern-West Federal Okrug in dynamics in 2013-2022. The statistical data of the Federal State Budget Institution "The Central Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Minzdrav of Russia" was used. Among all the Federal Okrugs of the Russian Federation, the highest rates of deforming dorsopathy morbidity were detected in the Siberian Federal Okrug and the Southern Federal Okrug. At that, spondylopathy morbidity was significantly higher in the North Caucasus Federal Okrug. The higher dorsopathy spondylopathy morbidity was detected in the Northern-West Federal Okrug particularly in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The study results testify that in Russia and in separate Regions deforming dorsopathy morbidity has trend to increase and requires new approaches to organization om medical care of population.

The article examines problems of personnel support of long-term care system. The analysis of main trends in quantitative changes in medical personnel and social workers was carried out. The reduction in the number of paramedical and junior medical personnel, who are the basis for provision of sanitary and hygienic services. The changes in the number of physicians in specialties the most in demand in the long-term care system are insignificant and can't ensure input enough into tasks of increasing capacity of long-term care system according to the National goals until 2030. The dynamics of the number of social workers is also negative. The development of professional human resources will be impacted by both competitive factors (higher wages in other sectors of economy) and demographic factors (retirement from the profession due to age). The analysis was carried out concerning possibility of applying care by relatives in the long-term care system. The estimation was made of potential number of persons involved in care by relatives. It is noted that there are objective factors interfering with development of care of relatives. In particular, it was established that obstacle to development of care by relatives is their residence in different localities, availability of children and the necessity to perform work duties. The main contingent involved in care by relatives is citizens aged 60 years and older.

Georgy Andreyevich Miterev, after leaving the post of Minister of Health of the USSR, worked as Director of the F. F. Erisman Central Research Sanitary Institute from 1947 to 1954. In 1948, after ruefully known the VASKHNIL August session and broadened meeting of Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, he announced reorganization of hygienic science on basis of materialistic principles of Michurin biology and Pavlov physiological doctrine. Proceeding from idea of unity of environment and organism, he believed that among methods of hygienic research main place should be occupied by methods of physiological observation of man, experiment on animals, joint observation with clinicians of effect of environmental factors on health, as well as development of data of general and occupational morbidity. Thus, G. A. Miterev, on basis of quite dubious ideology, organized scientific work of the Sanitary Institute entrusted to him quite rationally.

The article describes complex of organizational legal aspects of oncological screening for gynecological and urological diseases. These types of screening can be considered as preventive measure not only preventing development of malignant tumors of genitourinary system, but preserving male and female reproductive health, since protection of reproductive health is also preservation of public health of population.

In the nearest future, global health care is to be changed dramatically because of digital transformation of medicine that is supported by numerous innovative technologies. The digitization of Russian health care nowadays is priority direction of its development. It requires from medical workers to have special knowledge and readiness to apply achievements of digital medicine as effectively as possible. The purpose of the study is to analyze subjective perception of problems of digital future of national health care by students of graduation courses of regional medical university. The study was carried out using combined content analysis of 50 essays on topic of digitization of health care. The content-analysis demonstrated that despite some gaps in knowledge, young medics learned for sure that digital medicine is developing in three crucial directions: pharmaceutical industry, medical devices and pool of technologies supporting health care. The majority of respondents actively use digital devices on regular basis.The young medics are purposefully oriented on digital sphere and are ready to consume digital medical services and goods. However, they consider problem of ensuring security of personal data to be very acute. They see task of the state in resolving this issue as soon as possible.

The article considers social legal aspects of concepts of "medical error", "iatrogenesis", "defect of medical care" in view of absence of their clear definition and understanding in public and professional communities. The usage of these concepts is distinguished by chronological continuity that is conditioned by influence of approaches existed at different stages. On the basis of analysis of scientific publications and normative legal base their genesis and peculiarities of definition are demonstrated. The social aspects affecting their transformation were revealed. It is established that initially traditional understanding of possible shortcomings in medical work was formed as conscientious delusion of physician because of insufficiency of existing medical knowledge about certain health problems. The results of original empirical study demonstrated stability of this understanding in professional community of practicing physicians. However, in conditions of development of new model of national health care based on application of new diagnostic and treatment tools oriented to individual approach to patient and under effect of mediatization of health sphere traditional understanding of medical errors became limited that resulted in occurrence of concept of "medical care defect". However, its application is limited due to ambiguity of interpretation because of absence of its definition in legal field. In this regard, the article emphasizes necessity of legal substantiation of relevant definitions due to increasing of both appeals from patients and the number of civil and criminal medical cases and proposes to introduce into legal circulation term "omission under provision of medical care".

The article presents brief review of impact of inadequate physical activity on development of non-communicable diseases. The low physical activity is among top five most significant factors of premature death and is the cause of more than 20% of cases of diabetes mellitus II and chronic cardiovascular diseases. The article considers mode of assessing intensity of physical activity based on using metabolic equivalent. The effect of hypodynamia on development of obesity, diseases of musculoskeletal system, diabetes mellitus II, cardio-vascular and oncological diseases is considered. The relationship between inadequate physical activity and population mental health is considered too.

The article considers issues of legal regulation of preconception diagnostics (preconception screening) targeted to studying carriage of monogenic diseases and facilitating implementation by potential parents their informed choice. It is emphasized that currently in the Russian Federation there is no comprehensive legal regulation of preconception screening. The existing legal regulation is fragmented. The development of relevant legal regulation requires to take into account targeted nature of preconception screening that is to be clearly distinguished from so-called opportunistic screening i.e. examination for no apparent reasons, indications or purpose. Besides, future normative regulation is to provide accessibility of this type of examination for patients, including its cost reduction.

The article considers value determinants of social immunity of subjects in conditions of expanding Russian space. The issue is raised concerning formation in children and youths of social immunity and improvement of social immunity in representatives of middle-age and elderly population as barrier to harmful invasion of alien foreign cultural elements into life of Russians). It is determined that they negatively affect social and psychological components of human health and are manifested in occurrence of new diagnoses and exacerbation of chronic ones. The current situation is complicated by intensification of attempts to negatively impact by foreign entities on Russians, including residents of the Donetsk People's Republic, Lugansk People's Republic, Zaporozhye Oblast, Kharkov Oblast and Kherson Oblast as well as migrants temporarily staying in other regions of Russia. It is indicated that for residents of the territories mentioned above as well as migrants temporarily located in other regions of Russia, an important direction of functioning of state authorities is to increase accessibility for population high-quality health care services, daily living comfort, infrastructure development, housing support in regions. It is concluded that in current conditions, key value basis of population social immunity is one's health.