Problemy sotsial''noi gigieny i istoriia meditsiny / NII sotsial''noi gigieny, ekonomiki i upravleniia zdravookhraneniem im. N.A. Semashko RAMN, AO ''Assotsiatsiia ''Meditsinskaia literatura''最新文献

The article presents results of the study in 2006-2022 of children morbidity, traumatism, mortality and factors affecting process of formation of individual risk of occurrence of injury in children. The study permitted: to distribute territories of the Orenburg Oblast according to level of average value of indicator of children traumatism and its increasing rate; to develop new management technologies in organization of medical care of children population under traumatism; to evaluate rate and prognosis of children traumatism with informing administrative staff of territories of the Region; to intensify work of interdepartmental interaction in terms of reducing children traumatism and minimizing risks of its occurrence, complications and lethal outcomes under medical care provision.

In this series of articles the authors analyze becoming of the pharmaceutical information market in Russia. It emerged from two sources: fragments of the Soviet system of circulation of pharmaceutical information and as consequence of business projects. The information segment, being "sectoral" or "internal" to pharmaceutical market, formed over time infrastructure of production, distribution, storage and consumption of its goods. Initially, considered as auxiliary, it turned out into autonomous market with its own rules of the game, leading players and prices for services. The third report deals with production sites of advertising and marketing pharmaceutical information - pharmaceutical, advertising, PR and informational analytical companies in Russia of the 1990s - first half of the 2000s.

The hygienic training and education is of strategic importance conditioned by its original purpose - to preserve life and foster human being in proper manner. The healthy human is, among other things, critically and independently pondering and productive and initiative worker, socially active citizen able to to take care of oneself and having active empathy for others. Currently, the task is set for hygienic training and education of population to motivate people to be healthy and employers to implement health programs and to promote health of employees. At that, public authorities and local governments ensure organization and maintenance of informational educational environment promoting health and disease prevention. The medical education is to be actively presented in the youth environment that encourages higher education institutions to focus on active presence of health-saving technologies in educational and training process. The article focuses on possibilities of digital technologies in this activity, permitting to reduce distance of contact between medical institution and young people.

The article presents scientific methodology of comprehensive (integral) assessment of regional health care system readiness to respond to biological (pandemics, epidemics), technological (accidents, disasters) and military (armed conflicts, terrorist attacks) global challenges. The analysis was carried out concerning existing methodologies and algorithms of assessing readiness of health care systems and medical organizations in the Russian Federation and abroad. The International Health Regulations and associated WHO tools, global health security indices, national indices and readiness checklists were covered by analysis. Their efficiency were evaluated on the basis of expert data and COVID-19 pandemic experience. The mathematical model of integral evaluation of readiness were developed that included set of key indicators (infrastructural, resource-based, managerial, epidemiological, etc.) and criteria system. The methodology of calculation of integral index, considering weighting coefficients of indicators and aggregated sub-indices, is proposed. The examples of application of methodology at regional level are provided. The recommendations for using integral evaluation for planning activities targeted to strengthening health care system readiness for emergency situations are formulated.

The article considers particular characteristics of becoming and development of medical charity and volunteering in the countries of the Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan). The analysis of databases of the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the program "The United Nations Volunteers" revealed key trends and problems of development of medical social initiatives in the Region. It is demonstrated that medical volunteering performs compensatory, integral, innovative and educational functions promoting to increase accessibility of medical care, consolidation of social solidarity and modernization of public health. It is established that volunteering and charity practices become important element of social infrastructure in the countries of the Central Asia. However, their institutionalization and professionalization continue to be incomplete. The directions of further development are grounded: formation of legal fundamentals, certification of volunteers, digitization, integration into national strategies of sustainable development.

Purpose of the study is to analyze characteristics of feeding behavior (FB) in persons aged 60 years and older. The data of characteristics of FB were received through questionnaire survey of 1,045 men and women aged 60 years and older and residing in Moscow. The average age of respondents was 71.08±1.3 years. In the sampling, percentage of men was 36% and of women 64%. The following characteristics of FB were studied: frequency of food intakes, regularity of food intakes (compliance of regimen of food intake), qualitative composition of food, significance of quality of food consumed (compliance of requirements to feeding safety), as well as fact of consumption of flour, sweet and carbonated sugary drinks (compliance of regimen of caloric content). It is established that most of men and women of elderly age groups ingest food three or more times per day. The irregularity of feeding is the most common type of FB among representatives of elderly age groups, especially in women. However, with age increasing, percentage of people consuming food at different times decreases. In the first half of the day, the largest amount of food is taken by minority of polled representatives of elderly groups, regardless of gender. But with aging, the prevalence of such a behavior increases. The most men and women of elderly age groups also take food between their main intakes and most of them do it irregularly. The common practice of tea-drinking (coffee intake) between main food intakes is widely applied. Only minority of respondents of the elderly age groups carefully watch quality and composition of food consumed. The every fifth representative of studied age group did not follow rules of feeding and did not watch quality and composition of food consumed. Among the representatives of the elderly age groups, both men and women are highly committed to flour and sweet foods and dishes. No significant age differences in characteristics of food intake in population of elderly age groups was established.

The article summarizes the activities of the famous neurosurgeon, oncologist, organizer of the surgical service A. S. Lurye and introduces into scientific circulation previously unknown documents of the «Molotov period» of the doctors life. He graduated from the Voronezh Medical Institute and was accepted as a resident in the faculty surgical clinic of the First Moscow Medical Institute, headed by Professor N. N. Burdenko. Along with clinical work, he was actively involved in experiments in the field of fundamental medicine. In 1938, he was elected to the position of associate professor of the surgery department of the Molotov Medical Institute, where, along with medical and teaching activities, he continued research in the field of neurosurgery. His broad outlook was in demand as a consultant to hospitals in the Molotov region. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he supervised surgical care for the civilian population. After returning to Moscow in 1943, A. S. Lurye headed the department of the peripheral nervous system at the Central Evacuation Hospital, on the basis of which he defended his doctoral dissertation «Surgical treatment of gunshot and blunt injuries of the brachial plexus in adults». Later, A. S. Lurye was one of the organizers of the system of oncosurgical care for the population of the Moscow region. As an innovative surgeon, he improved the Roux-Hertsen-Yudin operation and proposed a new surgical approach for esophageal tumors.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious global health problem that requires effective prevention strategies due to its increasing prevalence and severe complications. Outpatient nurses play a key role in the prevention of diabetes, improving patients self-care and quality of life. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing practices in reducing the risk of diabetes and concomitant pathologies in primary healthcare. A systematic review of publications (2020-2025) has been conducted, revealing the main areas of nurses work, such as educational programs, screening, lifestyle modification, interdisciplinary collaboration, and digital technologies. These methods have proven effective in improving clinical performance, treatment adherence, and reducing the risk of complications. The introduction of such practices is promising for strengthening the prevention of diabetes and unloading the healthcare system.

The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire designed to assess the satisfaction of health workers with the infrastructure of the Moscow Department of Health. The article considers modern approaches to assessing this indicator. An overview of the key infrastructure components that affect the professional well-being of staff is provided, and the importance of a comprehensive analysis of infrastructure factors to improve employee loyalty and the quality of medical services provided is emphasized. The architecture of the authors questionnaire, adapted to the specifics of Moscow healthcare, is described, providing for an assessment of satisfaction in four infrastructure domains (comfort of stay, appearance of medical organizations, technical equipment, digitalization and artificial intelligence), as well as the use of CSI and eNPS metrics to assess staff loyalty.

The article examines the concept of «new gerontology» as a philosophical and humanitarian reflection on age, aging and the meaning of life in the context of demographic transition and increasing life expectancy. The emphasis is placed on the transdisciplinary nature of modern gerontology, integrating biomedical, sociocultural and existential dimensions. It is shown that the «new gerontology» transforms the idea of old age as a deficit and decrease, offering an image of a productive, meaningful and active late age. The necessity of philosophical understanding of aging as an anthropological and axiological phenomenon is substantiated.