Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425306
N. Stanciu
The activity of brain expressed by electrical cortical signals, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a result of a multitude of intra and inter-hemispheric correlated sources. The correlation means quantification of the degree of association between apparently different signals, with regard to parameters they depend on. In this work, the analysis refers to the EEG activity; the relative power of the signal, dependent on frequency and location of cortical areas is assessed in normal and pathological cases. Signal acquisition and primary processing was performed with a Bio Script Zwonitz 2000 electroencephalography equipment. Standard 10-20 electrodes positioning system (with 19 electrodes) is used and the cortical activity is illustrated by signals with a spectral content within the range of 0-62 Hz. Data analyzed in the study comes from numerous normal and pathological subjects. After numerical processing, the results are shown in colored maps, in a suggestive manner, enhancing the patterns of correlation specific to normal versus pathological states. That type of data processing is useful when different pathologies need to be monitored and assessed in time.
{"title":"Correlation Analysis of the EEG Signals in Normal and Pathological Cases","authors":"N. Stanciu","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425306","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of brain expressed by electrical cortical signals, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a result of a multitude of intra and inter-hemispheric correlated sources. The correlation means quantification of the degree of association between apparently different signals, with regard to parameters they depend on. In this work, the analysis refers to the EEG activity; the relative power of the signal, dependent on frequency and location of cortical areas is assessed in normal and pathological cases. Signal acquisition and primary processing was performed with a Bio Script Zwonitz 2000 electroencephalography equipment. Standard 10-20 electrodes positioning system (with 19 electrodes) is used and the cortical activity is illustrated by signals with a spectral content within the range of 0-62 Hz. Data analyzed in the study comes from numerous normal and pathological subjects. After numerical processing, the results are shown in colored maps, in a suggestive manner, enhancing the patterns of correlation specific to normal versus pathological states. That type of data processing is useful when different pathologies need to be monitored and assessed in time.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126845364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425213
A. Petrariu, A. Lavric
Due to the Internet of Things rapidly growth nowadays, sensors are used in many applications for medical or environmental parameters monitoring. An important aspect is using low-power and long-range communication systems to provide high-accurate data with low packet error rates. SigFox technology is a handy candidate, and its potential is tested in this paper. The obtained results shown the huge potential of this technology in the IoT concept implementation due to its flexibility and ease of development. For testing the data packet format of the SigFox technology and to validate the communication a Software Defined Radio module is used, while for decoding the message a standard IoT Cloud platform is integrated in the testing procedure.
{"title":"SigFox Wireless Communication Enhancement for Internet of Things: A study","authors":"A. Petrariu, A. Lavric","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425213","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the Internet of Things rapidly growth nowadays, sensors are used in many applications for medical or environmental parameters monitoring. An important aspect is using low-power and long-range communication systems to provide high-accurate data with low packet error rates. SigFox technology is a handy candidate, and its potential is tested in this paper. The obtained results shown the huge potential of this technology in the IoT concept implementation due to its flexibility and ease of development. For testing the data packet format of the SigFox technology and to validate the communication a Software Defined Radio module is used, while for decoding the message a standard IoT Cloud platform is integrated in the testing procedure.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130616018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425098
A. Ionescu, Alina Oroşanu, M. Iordache
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study based on the Hodgkin-Huxley model and to highlight that the sodium and potassium ion channels distributed along the entire length of the neural axons can be composed of two active memristors.
{"title":"Memristive model of the Hodgkin-Huxley axon","authors":"A. Ionescu, Alina Oroşanu, M. Iordache","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425098","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study based on the Hodgkin-Huxley model and to highlight that the sodium and potassium ion channels distributed along the entire length of the neural axons can be composed of two active memristors.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425323
A. Manea, L. Dumitran, C. Borzea, E. Cazacu
During the operation of electric power transformers, their insulation systems (most often made of cellulose paper and mineral oil) are subjected to thermal, electrical, and mechanical stresses. Consequently, a continuous degradation process occurs, impacting the dielectric properties of both oil and paper. Even though the thermal ageing process of oil-paper insulation is well known, ambiguities still exist regarding the electrical stress influences upon the insulation materials. The paper presents an experimental study on the degradation of mineral oil when exposed to high strength electric field and partial discharges. In order to examine the influence of high strength electric field on oil’s dielectric properties, an accelerated experimental method is proposed. The laboratory tests are conducted by causing local partial discharges in a special designed ageing cell contained a small amount of mineral oil. Dielectric spectroscopy is employed to evaluate the influence of ageing process on the real and imaginary parts of relative permittivity and dielectric loss factor. The results obtained show the ability of the proposed method to enable an accelerated oil degradation, proven by important changes of its dielectric properties.
{"title":"Accelerated Ageing Method of Mineral Oil Under High Electric Field and Partial Discharges","authors":"A. Manea, L. Dumitran, C. Borzea, E. Cazacu","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425323","url":null,"abstract":"During the operation of electric power transformers, their insulation systems (most often made of cellulose paper and mineral oil) are subjected to thermal, electrical, and mechanical stresses. Consequently, a continuous degradation process occurs, impacting the dielectric properties of both oil and paper. Even though the thermal ageing process of oil-paper insulation is well known, ambiguities still exist regarding the electrical stress influences upon the insulation materials. The paper presents an experimental study on the degradation of mineral oil when exposed to high strength electric field and partial discharges. In order to examine the influence of high strength electric field on oil’s dielectric properties, an accelerated experimental method is proposed. The laboratory tests are conducted by causing local partial discharges in a special designed ageing cell contained a small amount of mineral oil. Dielectric spectroscopy is employed to evaluate the influence of ageing process on the real and imaginary parts of relative permittivity and dielectric loss factor. The results obtained show the ability of the proposed method to enable an accelerated oil degradation, proven by important changes of its dielectric properties.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425265
Z. Perić, Milan S. Savic, M. Dincic, N. Vučić, D. Djosic, S. Milosavljevic
Floating Point 32-bits (FP32) representation format is proposed by IEEE Standard 754, being widely used in neural networks (NN), signal processing and numerical computation. Also, Fixed Point 32-bits format is widely used for data representation. This paper describes those standard 32-bits formats (Fixed Point 32 and FP32) as quantization schemes, defining quantizers based on them and providing in this way references for comparison of other quantization schemes used in neural networks. Quantization of data with the Laplacian distribution is considered, in a wide range of variance. Theoretical results are proven by an experiment, applying those quantization schemes on weights of a neural network.
浮点32位(FP32)表示格式是由IEEE标准754提出的，在神经网络、信号处理和数值计算中得到了广泛的应用。此外，定点32位格式被广泛用于数据表示。本文将这些标准的32位格式(Fixed Point 32和FP32)描述为量化方案，并在此基础上定义量化器，为神经网络中使用的其他量化方案的比较提供参考。数据的量化与拉普拉斯分布的考虑，在大范围的方差。将这些量化方案应用于神经网络权值的实验验证了理论结果。
{"title":"Floating Point and Fixed Point 32-bits Quantizers for Quantization of Weights of Neural Networks","authors":"Z. Perić, Milan S. Savic, M. Dincic, N. Vučić, D. Djosic, S. Milosavljevic","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425265","url":null,"abstract":"Floating Point 32-bits (FP32) representation format is proposed by IEEE Standard 754, being widely used in neural networks (NN), signal processing and numerical computation. Also, Fixed Point 32-bits format is widely used for data representation. This paper describes those standard 32-bits formats (Fixed Point 32 and FP32) as quantization schemes, defining quantizers based on them and providing in this way references for comparison of other quantization schemes used in neural networks. Quantization of data with the Laplacian distribution is considered, in a wide range of variance. Theoretical results are proven by an experiment, applying those quantization schemes on weights of a neural network.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425178
L. Petrescu, Maria-Cǎtǎlina Petrescu, E. Cazacu, V. Ioniță
FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is an important tool in evaluating a product or service either before it is made or prior to its market placing. Its purpose is to reduce any subsequent expenses due to defects. The principle of this tool says that it is cheaper to prevent than to repair. In the automotive industry, FMEA is widely implemented, but there is a clearer trend in recent years to move from Risk Priority Number (RPN) analysis to Action Priority (AP) one. The aim of this paper is to present a comparative analysis between FMEA using RPN and AP, respectively. Consequently, we started from an FMEA made for Electronic Stability Control (ESC) which is more and more present on today's cars. The obtained results clearly indicate the lack of an integrative approach to the two evaluation modalities starting from the RPN determination, but the action plan being correlated with the AP.
{"title":"Risk Priority Number vs Action Priority in Electrical Systems","authors":"L. Petrescu, Maria-Cǎtǎlina Petrescu, E. Cazacu, V. Ioniță","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425178","url":null,"abstract":"FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is an important tool in evaluating a product or service either before it is made or prior to its market placing. Its purpose is to reduce any subsequent expenses due to defects. The principle of this tool says that it is cheaper to prevent than to repair. In the automotive industry, FMEA is widely implemented, but there is a clearer trend in recent years to move from Risk Priority Number (RPN) analysis to Action Priority (AP) one. The aim of this paper is to present a comparative analysis between FMEA using RPN and AP, respectively. Consequently, we started from an FMEA made for Electronic Stability Control (ESC) which is more and more present on today's cars. The obtained results clearly indicate the lack of an integrative approach to the two evaluation modalities starting from the RPN determination, but the action plan being correlated with the AP.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133267717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425038
N. Adhikari
This paper deals with the study of the effects of thermal stress through partial discharge characteristics of 6/10kV XLPE insulated power cables. To study the effects of thermal stress through PD (Partial discharge) characteristics thermal aging is considered for healthy cable insulation. In this study, a cable under measurement is subjected to thermal aging or heating cycle. The measurement method followed is as per the specified method in the standard IEC: 60502-2 (2014). The experimental results are presented under the rated and at higher operating voltages of the cable. The analysis has been carried out and it is observed that due to the thermal aging effects on the cable insulation, the measured discharge quantity of PD is on the higher side. The results are presented for PD patterns of the specimen of cable sample considering the case of fresh sample and after the thermal stress. The PD patterns and the values obtained in both the cases shows dissimilarity, which can be utilized as samples for further PD pattern recognition.
{"title":"Insulation Condition Monitoring in High Voltage Power Cables using Partial Discharge Measurements","authors":"N. Adhikari","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the study of the effects of thermal stress through partial discharge characteristics of 6/10kV XLPE insulated power cables. To study the effects of thermal stress through PD (Partial discharge) characteristics thermal aging is considered for healthy cable insulation. In this study, a cable under measurement is subjected to thermal aging or heating cycle. The measurement method followed is as per the specified method in the standard IEC: 60502-2 (2014). The experimental results are presented under the rated and at higher operating voltages of the cable. The analysis has been carried out and it is observed that due to the thermal aging effects on the cable insulation, the measured discharge quantity of PD is on the higher side. The results are presented for PD patterns of the specimen of cable sample considering the case of fresh sample and after the thermal stress. The PD patterns and the values obtained in both the cases shows dissimilarity, which can be utilized as samples for further PD pattern recognition.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122338613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425316
C. Comeaga, E. Niță, B. Gramescu
The paper presents the realization of very precise positioning systems studies for the orientation of laser sources in portable medical laser equipment. The kinematic structure and the operating relations are presented, the possibility of developing an equivalent compliant structure is discussed and piezoelectric positioning solutions are analyzed, using stack type actuators.
{"title":"Tremor Orientation and Compensation System in Laser Medical Equipment - Part 1","authors":"C. Comeaga, E. Niță, B. Gramescu","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425316","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the realization of very precise positioning systems studies for the orientation of laser sources in portable medical laser equipment. The kinematic structure and the operating relations are presented, the possibility of developing an equivalent compliant structure is discussed and piezoelectric positioning solutions are analyzed, using stack type actuators.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133640995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425289
N. Adhikari
This paper presents the partial discharge measurements and analysis for MVCC (Medium Voltage Covered Conductor). An 11kV, 70sqmm XLPE insulated covered conductor is used for experimental analysis. The PD (Partial Discharge) measurements have been carried out under various conditions of insulation of MVCC. The structural stress condition due to the environment is analyzed through PD measurements. The experimental results are presented under various voltage levels to evaluate the effect of voltage stress. The results presented verify the significance of PD measurement as a condition monitoring tool for fault protection of MVCC. The test results show that the typical issue in insulation is generating contemplating local discharge phenomenon which has lower initial discharge voltage and the stable discharge quantity is on the higher side.
{"title":"Analysis of Partial Discharge Measurements on Medium Voltage Covered Conductor for Overhead Transmission Lines","authors":"N. Adhikari","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425289","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the partial discharge measurements and analysis for MVCC (Medium Voltage Covered Conductor). An 11kV, 70sqmm XLPE insulated covered conductor is used for experimental analysis. The PD (Partial Discharge) measurements have been carried out under various conditions of insulation of MVCC. The structural stress condition due to the environment is analyzed through PD measurements. The experimental results are presented under various voltage levels to evaluate the effect of voltage stress. The results presented verify the significance of PD measurement as a condition monitoring tool for fault protection of MVCC. The test results show that the typical issue in insulation is generating contemplating local discharge phenomenon which has lower initial discharge voltage and the stable discharge quantity is on the higher side.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132364621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425191
R. Badea, R. Preda, R. A. Dobre, Alexandru Catrin
Visible Light Communications (VLC) are systems conceived in an attempt to extend the usability of deployed lighting infrastructures to new technological fields, like the ones linked to data transmission, positioning or „smart“ road traffic signaling. Often, LED equipment used primarily as a light source for various applications are then enhanced by a luminance modulation interface added to the existing devices. Alternatively, complete system redesigns are also entering the market in recent years – where from start the dual capabilities are planned and implemented beforehand into the lighting devices delivered to customers, with the option to use the new enriched functionality where necessary and appropriate. In this work we will present a simulation of an Optical Camera Communication (a VLC-based branch) system in real world conditions related to indoor positioning applications.
{"title":"Simulation of Framerate-Optimized Optical Camera Communication Encoding","authors":"R. Badea, R. Preda, R. A. Dobre, Alexandru Catrin","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425191","url":null,"abstract":"Visible Light Communications (VLC) are systems conceived in an attempt to extend the usability of deployed lighting infrastructures to new technological fields, like the ones linked to data transmission, positioning or „smart“ road traffic signaling. Often, LED equipment used primarily as a light source for various applications are then enhanced by a luminance modulation interface added to the existing devices. Alternatively, complete system redesigns are also entering the market in recent years – where from start the dual capabilities are planned and implemented beforehand into the lighting devices delivered to customers, with the option to use the new enriched functionality where necessary and appropriate. In this work we will present a simulation of an Optical Camera Communication (a VLC-based branch) system in real world conditions related to indoor positioning applications.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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