There is an immense necessity of several kB of embedded memory for Biomedical systems which typically operate in the sub-threshold domain with perfect efficiency. SRAMs dominates the total power consumption and the overall silicon area, as 70% of the die has been occupied by them. This brief proposes the design of a Transmission gate based SRAM cell for Biomedical applications eliminating the use of peripheral circuitry during the read operation. This topology offers smaller area, reduced delay, low power consumption and improved data stability in the read operation. The cell is implemented in 45nm CMOS technology operated at 0.45 V.
{"title":"Transmission Gate-Based 8T SRAM Cell for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Valluri Aswini, Sarada Musala, Avireni Srinivasulu","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425314","url":null,"abstract":"There is an immense necessity of several kB of embedded memory for Biomedical systems which typically operate in the sub-threshold domain with perfect efficiency. SRAMs dominates the total power consumption and the overall silicon area, as 70% of the die has been occupied by them. This brief proposes the design of a Transmission gate based SRAM cell for Biomedical applications eliminating the use of peripheral circuitry during the read operation. This topology offers smaller area, reduced delay, low power consumption and improved data stability in the read operation. The cell is implemented in 45nm CMOS technology operated at 0.45 V.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125977421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425193
A. Chirilă, I. Deaconu, Cătălin Buşe
The article presents the current state of the periodic technical inspection topic, both local (Romania) and European Union level. Then it is described a practical approach addressing the issues, namely a smart system for monitoring the plays that are present in the steering system and the axles of a vehicle. The main goal is to assist the inspection personnel to perform an enhanced and efficient periodic technical inspection procedure, knowing that the malfunction of the mechanical joints system of a vehicle leads to hazardous events involving human casualties.
{"title":"Smart System for Vehicle Periodic Roadworthiness Tests","authors":"A. Chirilă, I. Deaconu, Cătălin Buşe","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425193","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the current state of the periodic technical inspection topic, both local (Romania) and European Union level. Then it is described a practical approach addressing the issues, namely a smart system for monitoring the plays that are present in the steering system and the axles of a vehicle. The main goal is to assist the inspection personnel to perform an enhanced and efficient periodic technical inspection procedure, knowing that the malfunction of the mechanical joints system of a vehicle leads to hazardous events involving human casualties.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126595756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425168
M. Ziegler, F. Brandl, A. Kuehl, J. Franke
The soft magnetic core is a basic component in electric motors, along with the winding and insulation systems. Soft magnetic cores are continuously magnetized and demagnetized to guide and amplify the magnetic flux. To reduce iron losses during operation, stator and rotor cores are usually made of thin laminated iron-silicon sheets insulated electrically from each other. These materials are easy to process (cutting, joining etc.), the costs are low, and the magnetic as well as the mechanical properties are adjustable during production. Due to the increasing requirements for electric motors for automotive sector, the material grades and corresponding manufacturing processes have been even optimized. For the production of Fe-Si laminations, the single sheets are stacked and joined. For this purpose, laser beam welding is increasingly used, especially in the series production of larger stators. However, the welding process affects the microstructure in the heat-affected zone and creates an electrically conductive connection between the single sheets. This increases the production-related iron losses, which have to be considered already in the design of the electric machine. As part of this research paper, the impact of laser welding of Fe-Si electrical steel sheets on the electromagnetic properties is analyzed and relationships are derived. This makes it possible to consider the production-related impact factors at an early stage.
{"title":"Evaluation of Laser-welded Electrical Steel Laminations for Electric Motors","authors":"M. Ziegler, F. Brandl, A. Kuehl, J. Franke","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425168","url":null,"abstract":"The soft magnetic core is a basic component in electric motors, along with the winding and insulation systems. Soft magnetic cores are continuously magnetized and demagnetized to guide and amplify the magnetic flux. To reduce iron losses during operation, stator and rotor cores are usually made of thin laminated iron-silicon sheets insulated electrically from each other. These materials are easy to process (cutting, joining etc.), the costs are low, and the magnetic as well as the mechanical properties are adjustable during production. Due to the increasing requirements for electric motors for automotive sector, the material grades and corresponding manufacturing processes have been even optimized. For the production of Fe-Si laminations, the single sheets are stacked and joined. For this purpose, laser beam welding is increasingly used, especially in the series production of larger stators. However, the welding process affects the microstructure in the heat-affected zone and creates an electrically conductive connection between the single sheets. This increases the production-related iron losses, which have to be considered already in the design of the electric machine. As part of this research paper, the impact of laser welding of Fe-Si electrical steel sheets on the electromagnetic properties is analyzed and relationships are derived. This makes it possible to consider the production-related impact factors at an early stage.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425194
L. Milici, Mihaela Pavăl, M. Milici, Eusebiu Toader
The paper presents a new transdisciplinary educational concept based on creative thinking, recommended for teaching science, technology and engineering.
本文提出了一种基于创造性思维的跨学科教育新理念，推荐用于理工科教学。
{"title":"eSTEMIA – Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, Informatics and Arts","authors":"L. Milici, Mihaela Pavăl, M. Milici, Eusebiu Toader","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425194","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new transdisciplinary educational concept based on creative thinking, recommended for teaching science, technology and engineering.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126981733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425288
C. Suru, M. Popescu, M. Linca
The aim of this paper is the implementation of field oriented control specific regulating loops in the Matlab Simulink environment, for the control of an experimental model. The experimental drive system is controlled by means of a Simulink model by using a DSP control board, specially designed for this purpose. This way, after the virtual validation of the control algorithm on the complete Simulink model of the drive system, the virtual power section is replaced by the physical power section. The Simulink control model is compiled and thus transformed into an executable program for the DSP board processor. The interface between the control algorithm and the power section is done by the prototyping board analog to digital converters and digital communication channels. The real time control of the system is provided by specific software making the link between the model and the hardware on one hand and giving the control and measurement instruments on the other hand. The correct implementation of the control algorithm was validated using the data sampled by the prototyping board and confirmed by the laboratory measurement equipment. The validated model can be converted to production code to be integrated in the program of a DSP controlled industrial system.
{"title":"The Rotoric Field Orientation Control Implementation for Induction Traction Motor on dSPACE 1104 DSP Board","authors":"C. Suru, M. Popescu, M. Linca","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425288","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is the implementation of field oriented control specific regulating loops in the Matlab Simulink environment, for the control of an experimental model. The experimental drive system is controlled by means of a Simulink model by using a DSP control board, specially designed for this purpose. This way, after the virtual validation of the control algorithm on the complete Simulink model of the drive system, the virtual power section is replaced by the physical power section. The Simulink control model is compiled and thus transformed into an executable program for the DSP board processor. The interface between the control algorithm and the power section is done by the prototyping board analog to digital converters and digital communication channels. The real time control of the system is provided by specific software making the link between the model and the hardware on one hand and giving the control and measurement instruments on the other hand. The correct implementation of the control algorithm was validated using the data sampled by the prototyping board and confirmed by the laboratory measurement equipment. The validated model can be converted to production code to be integrated in the program of a DSP controlled industrial system.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126251299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425242
Gideon-Gwanzuwang Dankat, A. Dobre, L. Dumitran
Electrical contacts’ main function is to close an electrical circuit securely transporting current throughout the contact surface. Electrical contacts range from high, medium to low current depending on their usage. Power transmitting electrical contacts are expected to transmit a current of a significant intensity whereas the signal transmitting electrical contacts usually transmit low currents. However, electrical contacts undergo gradual change at the interface due to the action of temperature, corrosion, mechanical discontinuities induced by vibration etc. all these disturbing factors lead to the aging and degradation of the contact. In some cases where the contact resistance increases due to electrical loses, the local temperature may increase, thereby accelerating contact degradation. This paper presents a numerical analysis on the variation of temperature of a simple low current contact model having a thin oxide film layer at the interface which serves as the ageing factor using finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics.
{"title":"Influence of Ageing on Electrothermal Condition of Low Current Contact","authors":"Gideon-Gwanzuwang Dankat, A. Dobre, L. Dumitran","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425242","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical contacts’ main function is to close an electrical circuit securely transporting current throughout the contact surface. Electrical contacts range from high, medium to low current depending on their usage. Power transmitting electrical contacts are expected to transmit a current of a significant intensity whereas the signal transmitting electrical contacts usually transmit low currents. However, electrical contacts undergo gradual change at the interface due to the action of temperature, corrosion, mechanical discontinuities induced by vibration etc. all these disturbing factors lead to the aging and degradation of the contact. In some cases where the contact resistance increases due to electrical loses, the local temperature may increase, thereby accelerating contact degradation. This paper presents a numerical analysis on the variation of temperature of a simple low current contact model having a thin oxide film layer at the interface which serves as the ageing factor using finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131383857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425294
N. Tanase, Adrian Enache, D. Broboană, C. Balan
The paper is concerned with experimental and numerical investigations of the flow around an immersed broad-crested weir with different cavities, in the presence of free surface. The numerics are performed with the Fluent code using the RNG $k-varepsilon$ turbulence model coupled with VOF for the computation of the free surface. The numerical results and visualizations are corroborated with the aim to investigate the interaction between the free surface profile and the wake developed in the cavities of the broad-crested weir.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Free Surface Flow over the Patterned Weir","authors":"N. Tanase, Adrian Enache, D. Broboană, C. Balan","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425294","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with experimental and numerical investigations of the flow around an immersed broad-crested weir with different cavities, in the presence of free surface. The numerics are performed with the Fluent code using the RNG $k-varepsilon$ turbulence model coupled with VOF for the computation of the free surface. The numerical results and visualizations are corroborated with the aim to investigate the interaction between the free surface profile and the wake developed in the cavities of the broad-crested weir.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121338836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425057
Eugen Păcurar, A. Dobre, A. Morega
This paper presents a numerical model of an electronic chip that heats up and dilates during normal functioning conditions. The model is based on a CAD generated computational domain, comprised of the silicon processor (the intermittent heat flux source), the embedding chip volume, the electrical contacts soldered to a PCB (printed circuit board), and a secondary, constant, heat source represented by a voltage regulator. The system is actively cooled by the surrounding air at room temperature. During its service, the ensemble heats up generating thermal stress that acts differently upon the electrical and electronic components, deforming them by their mechanical properties, geometry, and PCB placement.
{"title":"Thermal-Induced Stress at an Electronic Chip Level","authors":"Eugen Păcurar, A. Dobre, A. Morega","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425057","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical model of an electronic chip that heats up and dilates during normal functioning conditions. The model is based on a CAD generated computational domain, comprised of the silicon processor (the intermittent heat flux source), the embedding chip volume, the electrical contacts soldered to a PCB (printed circuit board), and a secondary, constant, heat source represented by a voltage regulator. The system is actively cooled by the surrounding air at room temperature. During its service, the ensemble heats up generating thermal stress that acts differently upon the electrical and electronic components, deforming them by their mechanical properties, geometry, and PCB placement.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129307681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425279
T. S. Rani, Avireni Srinivasulu, C. Ravariu, B. Appasani
Sense amplifiers plays a significant role in terms of its recital, functionality and reliability of the memory circuits. In this paper two new circuits have been proposed. The proposed circuit is PMOS biased sense amplifier, which provides very high output impedance and has reduced sense delay and power dissipation. As such, the proposed circuit performs the identical operations as that of conventional circuits but with the reduced the sense delay and power consumption. The suggested sense amplifiers overall performance have been simulated and examined using Cadence virtuoso with gpdk 180 nm library parameters.
{"title":"Low Power, High Performance PMOS Biased Sense Amplifier","authors":"T. S. Rani, Avireni Srinivasulu, C. Ravariu, B. Appasani","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425279","url":null,"abstract":"Sense amplifiers plays a significant role in terms of its recital, functionality and reliability of the memory circuits. In this paper two new circuits have been proposed. The proposed circuit is PMOS biased sense amplifier, which provides very high output impedance and has reduced sense delay and power dissipation. As such, the proposed circuit performs the identical operations as that of conventional circuits but with the reduced the sense delay and power consumption. The suggested sense amplifiers overall performance have been simulated and examined using Cadence virtuoso with gpdk 180 nm library parameters.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116841702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425228
R. Coliban
Image denoising is an actively researched topic and a multitude of methods have been proposed for this task, including techniques based on mathematical morphology, which is a popular non-linear processing framework developed for binary and grayscale images, based on imposing a lattice structure on the image data. There is no universally accepted extension to the color and multivariate domain and multiple approaches have been developed. Pseudo-morphological operators do not respect all the theoretical properties of classical morphology, but can be successfully used in a variety of applications. In this paper, we present an extension to the Probabilistic Pseudo-Morphology framework by including third-order statistics in the definition of the pseudo-extrema. The approach shows improved performance in the context of a real-world image denoising application in comparison with other color morphological frameworks.
{"title":"Extended Probabilistic Pseudo-Morphology for Real-World Image Denoising","authors":"R. Coliban","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425228","url":null,"abstract":"Image denoising is an actively researched topic and a multitude of methods have been proposed for this task, including techniques based on mathematical morphology, which is a popular non-linear processing framework developed for binary and grayscale images, based on imposing a lattice structure on the image data. There is no universally accepted extension to the color and multivariate domain and multiple approaches have been developed. Pseudo-morphological operators do not respect all the theoretical properties of classical morphology, but can be successfully used in a variety of applications. In this paper, we present an extension to the Probabilistic Pseudo-Morphology framework by including third-order statistics in the definition of the pseudo-extrema. The approach shows improved performance in the context of a real-world image denoising application in comparison with other color morphological frameworks.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116879732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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