Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425274
L. Teodorescu, Gabriel Dima
This paper presents a design technique for a digital radio frequency receiver that uses vacuum tubes in the audio frequency stage to provide a high-fidelity signal on the system speakers. The system is built around an old analog receiver, whose architecture has been substantially modified. Both the advantages offered by the modern digital CMOS (low power consumption, high sensitivity and selectivity, increased reliability), and old analog technologies (superior sound quality, wider dynamic range, linear response without negative feedback, soft clipping) are exploited, in order to obtain high quality audio equipment.
{"title":"The Design of a High Performance Digital RF Receiver based on the Vacuum Tubes Technology for Hi-Fi Applications","authors":"L. Teodorescu, Gabriel Dima","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425274","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design technique for a digital radio frequency receiver that uses vacuum tubes in the audio frequency stage to provide a high-fidelity signal on the system speakers. The system is built around an old analog receiver, whose architecture has been substantially modified. Both the advantages offered by the modern digital CMOS (low power consumption, high sensitivity and selectivity, increased reliability), and old analog technologies (superior sound quality, wider dynamic range, linear response without negative feedback, soft clipping) are exploited, in order to obtain high quality audio equipment.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123960350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425281
N. Evstatieva, B. Evstatiev
In this study the development of a model describing the power dissipation process of a PCB with SMD components is presented. It is based on well-known physical dependencies and the Finite difference method. An experimental study was conducted and several temperatures were measured: of the investigated PCB, of the PCB casing (box) and of the environment. The measured values were used to obtain the parameters of the model and to validate it. The obtained results showed that the modelled and measured temperatures of the PCB and of the casing are practically identical. This shows the developed model can be used for investigation of the thermal regime of electronic equipment with high accuracy.
{"title":"Modelling the Temperature Conditions of a Printed Circuit Board","authors":"N. Evstatieva, B. Evstatiev","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425281","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the development of a model describing the power dissipation process of a PCB with SMD components is presented. It is based on well-known physical dependencies and the Finite difference method. An experimental study was conducted and several temperatures were measured: of the investigated PCB, of the PCB casing (box) and of the environment. The measured values were used to obtain the parameters of the model and to validate it. The obtained results showed that the modelled and measured temperatures of the PCB and of the casing are practically identical. This shows the developed model can be used for investigation of the thermal regime of electronic equipment with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121869652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425095
E. Preza, R. Velázquez, R. Macías-Quijas, Erika Hernández, P. Visconti
This paper presents a complete review of the cart inverted pendulum (CIP) problem. The design, modeling, and control of such system as well as the implementation of a mechatronic prototype are herein presented. Several linear and nonlinear approaches such as PD, PID, and adaptive control are proposed to stabilize the system. Both theoretical and experimental performances are compared to evaluate the precision of the mathematical formulations. The aim of this study is to serve as a tutorial or supporting material for understanding the dynamics governing this system together with the potential control strategies.
{"title":"Linear and Nonlinear Control Approaches for the Cart Inverted Pendulum Problem","authors":"E. Preza, R. Velázquez, R. Macías-Quijas, Erika Hernández, P. Visconti","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425095","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a complete review of the cart inverted pendulum (CIP) problem. The design, modeling, and control of such system as well as the implementation of a mechatronic prototype are herein presented. Several linear and nonlinear approaches such as PD, PID, and adaptive control are proposed to stabilize the system. Both theoretical and experimental performances are compared to evaluate the precision of the mathematical formulations. The aim of this study is to serve as a tutorial or supporting material for understanding the dynamics governing this system together with the potential control strategies.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115199952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425036
A. Riedel, Roman Hahn, A. Kuehl, J. Franke
The ecological change in society and politics leads to an increased demand for alternative drives. In the field of mobility, this can be observed by ongoing innovations in research and development as well as in the production of electric machines. Currently, the automotive industry is focusing more and more on traction drives using hairpin technology. The reasons for this are the easier automation of the manufacturing process and the higher copper filling factors that can be achieved. The latter help to improve the power density. At high frequencies, which inevitably occur in high-speed applications, large conductor dimensions lead to additional losses due to eddy currents. To reduce these losses, twisted round wires can be used instead of flat conductors. Nevertheless, the manufacturing as well as the processing of this semi-finished product is more complex. The aim of this paper is to present and compare the possibilities for removing the required tape of the stranded conductor and to substantiate it with initial results. For this purpose, the general production chain of a hairpin stator is explained at the beginning of the paper in order to show the reasons why the removal of the bandage is of elementary importance. This is supplemented by technological aspects of stranded wire technology which cause-effect relationships serve as the basis for the main part of this paper.
{"title":"Evaluation of different methods for removing the conductor insulation of stranded conductors","authors":"A. Riedel, Roman Hahn, A. Kuehl, J. Franke","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425036","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological change in society and politics leads to an increased demand for alternative drives. In the field of mobility, this can be observed by ongoing innovations in research and development as well as in the production of electric machines. Currently, the automotive industry is focusing more and more on traction drives using hairpin technology. The reasons for this are the easier automation of the manufacturing process and the higher copper filling factors that can be achieved. The latter help to improve the power density. At high frequencies, which inevitably occur in high-speed applications, large conductor dimensions lead to additional losses due to eddy currents. To reduce these losses, twisted round wires can be used instead of flat conductors. Nevertheless, the manufacturing as well as the processing of this semi-finished product is more complex. The aim of this paper is to present and compare the possibilities for removing the required tape of the stranded conductor and to substantiate it with initial results. For this purpose, the general production chain of a hairpin stator is explained at the beginning of the paper in order to show the reasons why the removal of the bandage is of elementary importance. This is supplemented by technological aspects of stranded wire technology which cause-effect relationships serve as the basis for the main part of this paper.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425340
Alexandru Costache, D. Popescu, L. Ichim
In this paper we detail the construction of a video processing system dedicated to identifying and understanding facial expressions of persons. Our approach implies detection of faciall and marks and analysis of their position to identify emotions. The paper describes a system based on three convolutional neural networks and how to combine them to give more accurate results in the field of facial expression recognition. We adapted the networks which were initially constructed to work on colored or grayscale images to work with black and white images containing facial landmarks. The training, validation and query datasets were also adapted and preprocessed from consecrated computer vision datasets, with the addition of several images acquired by ourselves. We present and comment our experimental results, pointing out advantages and disadvantages.
{"title":"Facial Expression Detection by Combining Deep Learning Neural Networks","authors":"Alexandru Costache, D. Popescu, L. Ichim","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425340","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we detail the construction of a video processing system dedicated to identifying and understanding facial expressions of persons. Our approach implies detection of faciall and marks and analysis of their position to identify emotions. The paper describes a system based on three convolutional neural networks and how to combine them to give more accurate results in the field of facial expression recognition. We adapted the networks which were initially constructed to work on colored or grayscale images to work with black and white images containing facial landmarks. The training, validation and query datasets were also adapted and preprocessed from consecrated computer vision datasets, with the addition of several images acquired by ourselves. We present and comment our experimental results, pointing out advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115547769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425133
Martino Nicora, Alice La Fata, E. Fiori, F. Delfino
Lightning events can seriously damage the power systems and they represent one of the most dangerous causes of faults in the transmission lines. Usually, when one want to analyze such effects it is necessary to rely on approximate models or to simplify in some ways the power system. As a consequence, an overall analysis taking into account the complexity of the power system is difficult to find. This paper presents the study of the electromagnetic transients caused by lightning events in a point of connection between a real power plant and a large power grid. The analysis is achieved with a high level of details of the power system and the simulations are obtained through an EMT-type software (PSCAD-EMTDC). Different simulations are analyzed, showing how the cables and the transformers are affected by the electromagnetic transients.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Transients on Power Plant Connection Caused by Lightning Event","authors":"Martino Nicora, Alice La Fata, E. Fiori, F. Delfino","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425133","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning events can seriously damage the power systems and they represent one of the most dangerous causes of faults in the transmission lines. Usually, when one want to analyze such effects it is necessary to rely on approximate models or to simplify in some ways the power system. As a consequence, an overall analysis taking into account the complexity of the power system is difficult to find. This paper presents the study of the electromagnetic transients caused by lightning events in a point of connection between a real power plant and a large power grid. The analysis is achieved with a high level of details of the power system and the simulations are obtained through an EMT-type software (PSCAD-EMTDC). Different simulations are analyzed, showing how the cables and the transformers are affected by the electromagnetic transients.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129134719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425241
C. Pirvu, B. Enache, C. Cepisca, Mihalache Diana Iuliana, Neculiță Andreea
This paper presents the application of modern technology to water control and monitoring system. It describes system components, communication protocols, and SCADA software design. A modern way of data transmission based on GPRS technology is applied. The proposed configuration is developed with high-performance equipment and software packages. The paper deals with practical methodology, offering an approach to SCADA design and successful application.
{"title":"Solution for Wireless Communication and Server Redundancy in Water Management","authors":"C. Pirvu, B. Enache, C. Cepisca, Mihalache Diana Iuliana, Neculiță Andreea","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425241","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of modern technology to water control and monitoring system. It describes system components, communication protocols, and SCADA software design. A modern way of data transmission based on GPRS technology is applied. The proposed configuration is developed with high-performance equipment and software packages. The paper deals with practical methodology, offering an approach to SCADA design and successful application.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"10 47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129988559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425277
I. Magos, C. Balan
The wettability of a surface is measured through its contact angle. A static contact angle smaller than 90° is defined as hydrophilic and a static contact angle larger than 90° is defined as hydrophobic. Contact angles are usually measured on horizontal surfaces, but given the significance of curved surfaces in biomedical and industrial applications it is important to assess these as well. In this paper we focus on two materials: neodymium and steel. We explore the contact angle measured on these surfaces from a dynamic perspective. To an initial deposited drop, in incremental steps, more water was added. With increased volume, the apparent advancing contact angle grew and at each increment it was measured. Two equations were used to calculate the intrinsic advancing contact angle. The values obtained were compared with intrinsic advancing contact angles measured on flat, horizontal surfaces.
{"title":"Contact Angles on Spherical Hydrophilic Surfaces","authors":"I. Magos, C. Balan","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425277","url":null,"abstract":"The wettability of a surface is measured through its contact angle. A static contact angle smaller than 90° is defined as hydrophilic and a static contact angle larger than 90° is defined as hydrophobic. Contact angles are usually measured on horizontal surfaces, but given the significance of curved surfaces in biomedical and industrial applications it is important to assess these as well. In this paper we focus on two materials: neodymium and steel. We explore the contact angle measured on these surfaces from a dynamic perspective. To an initial deposited drop, in incremental steps, more water was added. With increased volume, the apparent advancing contact angle grew and at each increment it was measured. Two equations were used to calculate the intrinsic advancing contact angle. The values obtained were compared with intrinsic advancing contact angles measured on flat, horizontal surfaces.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116990193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425259
S. Digă, V. Năvrăpescu, Nicolae Digă, Camelia Dina
In this paper, the authors present the optimal computer-aided design of a high-speed three-phase induction motor with a torque-speed curve suitable for the turbomachines drive systems in power plants. The design of this motor was approached classically, previously by the conventional calculation method.In order for this method to be verified, first the modern design of the induction motor, using RMxprt and then techniques for optimizing its design, is analyzed.The paper describes how a parametric analysis can be setup to design and model the performance of rotating electric machines. This parametric analysis specifies all of the design variations based on the variable geometry of the stator and rotor slots that optimetrics drives Maxwell to solve. Also Maxwell 2D Design software is used as finite element analysis tool in order to design and model the performance of this induction motor having 225 kW, 2 poles, 2976 rpm.
{"title":"Considerations on the Optimal Computer-Aided Design of Induction Motors from the Turbomachines Drive Systems in Power Plants","authors":"S. Digă, V. Năvrăpescu, Nicolae Digă, Camelia Dina","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425259","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors present the optimal computer-aided design of a high-speed three-phase induction motor with a torque-speed curve suitable for the turbomachines drive systems in power plants. The design of this motor was approached classically, previously by the conventional calculation method.In order for this method to be verified, first the modern design of the induction motor, using RMxprt and then techniques for optimizing its design, is analyzed.The paper describes how a parametric analysis can be setup to design and model the performance of rotating electric machines. This parametric analysis specifies all of the design variations based on the variable geometry of the stator and rotor slots that optimetrics drives Maxwell to solve. Also Maxwell 2D Design software is used as finite element analysis tool in order to design and model the performance of this induction motor having 225 kW, 2 poles, 2976 rpm.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126244574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425042
B. Evstatiev, K. Gabrovska-Evstatieva
With the development of the COVID-19 situation, the application of virtual laboratories became an indispensable part of engineering education. This study presents the design and implementation of a virtual function generator in the Engine for Virtual Electrical Engineering Equipment (EVEEE). The equipment is developed on two levels – functional and graphical. The functionality of the generator is implemented using a SPICE netlist containing several variables that are manipulated via the virtual components – several buttons and one potentiometer. On a graphical level, the generator is implemented using different PNG images, representing the equipment as a whole and its components individually. A virtual lab containing the function generator and a multimeter was created in order to test the developed functionality. The development of this virtual equipment extends the scope of application of the EVEEE environment, by allowing virtual investigation of classical circuit labs such as resonant circuits and filters.
{"title":"Creating a Virtual Copy of a Function Generator in the EVEEE Environment","authors":"B. Evstatiev, K. Gabrovska-Evstatieva","doi":"10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ATEE52255.2021.9425042","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of the COVID-19 situation, the application of virtual laboratories became an indispensable part of engineering education. This study presents the design and implementation of a virtual function generator in the Engine for Virtual Electrical Engineering Equipment (EVEEE). The equipment is developed on two levels – functional and graphical. The functionality of the generator is implemented using a SPICE netlist containing several variables that are manipulated via the virtual components – several buttons and one potentiometer. On a graphical level, the generator is implemented using different PNG images, representing the equipment as a whole and its components individually. A virtual lab containing the function generator and a multimeter was created in order to test the developed functionality. The development of this virtual equipment extends the scope of application of the EVEEE environment, by allowing virtual investigation of classical circuit labs such as resonant circuits and filters.","PeriodicalId":359645,"journal":{"name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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