{"title":"Hungarian Estates as Participants of the Bohemian Coronation in 1743. A Case Study of Maria Theresia's Government Strategy","authors":"Zsolt Kökényesi","doi":"10.32725/oph.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141220137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hungarian Estates as Participants of the Bohemian Coronation in 1743. A Case Study of Maria Theresia's Government Strategy","authors":"Zsolt Kökényesi","doi":"10.32725/oph.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141220080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
General histories of human rights have become quite popular recently . Suffice it to say that while I was working on this discussion forum, one more big history of human rights was published, and several more are being prepared .1 There is an upsurge of scholarly interest in this topic, there is a lot of energy invested in it, but in which direction should this energy be channeled? In what follows, I will first try to explain the situation which prompted me to organize this forum, and secondly, provide a summary of Dan Edelstein ́s new book On the Spirit of Rights, which is the subject of our comments .2 Unfortunately, the field has been dominated by two prolific American authors who tend towards extremely simplistic views, which present, I believe, a dangerous obstacle to a free exploration of the early history of human rights in the Age of Enlightenment . This is not to deny that Jonathan Israel helped to rehabilitate intellectual history and that Samuel Moyn recalled the significance of Jimmy Carter ́s human rights campaign, but the interpretative frameworks behind these achievements are rather reductive, to say the least . Whereas Jonathan Israel with his atheism-oriented interpretation3 has found respect but no imitators, Samuel Moyn, with his insistence on the „breakthrough moment“ in the 1970s,4 did find several followers among historians of the twentieth century .5 This new chronology goes hand in hand with a silent reshuffling of human rights
{"title":"Beyond a Genealogy of Human Rights. Introduction to a Discussion Forum","authors":"Ivo Cerman","doi":"10.32725/oph.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"General histories of human rights have become quite popular recently . Suffice it to say that while I was working on this discussion forum, one more big history of human rights was published, and several more are being prepared .1 There is an upsurge of scholarly interest in this topic, there is a lot of energy invested in it, but in which direction should this energy be channeled? In what follows, I will first try to explain the situation which prompted me to organize this forum, and secondly, provide a summary of Dan Edelstein ́s new book On the Spirit of Rights, which is the subject of our comments .2 Unfortunately, the field has been dominated by two prolific American authors who tend towards extremely simplistic views, which present, I believe, a dangerous obstacle to a free exploration of the early history of human rights in the Age of Enlightenment . This is not to deny that Jonathan Israel helped to rehabilitate intellectual history and that Samuel Moyn recalled the significance of Jimmy Carter ́s human rights campaign, but the interpretative frameworks behind these achievements are rather reductive, to say the least . Whereas Jonathan Israel with his atheism-oriented interpretation3 has found respect but no imitators, Samuel Moyn, with his insistence on the „breakthrough moment“ in the 1970s,4 did find several followers among historians of the twentieth century .5 This new chronology goes hand in hand with a silent reshuffling of human rights","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44092303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let me begin by expressing my thanks to Ivo Cerman for organizing and contributing to this forum, as well as to Thérence Carvalho, Emmanuelle de Champs, and Olivier Grenouilleau for their generous, erudite, and very insightful comments . I am very honored by the time and attention that these four distinguished scholars have dedicated to reading my book so closely . Reflecting on these comments, my greatest regret is that I cannot go back and address some of their feedback in the book itself . In particular, the authors have brought to my attention various studies that would have enriched my understanding of the topics discussed in the book . I knew when writing this book that I was undoubtedly overlooking some of the scholarship in French and German, and these comments have confirmed my fears . While I genuinely regret not having benefited from these additional sources, I will note in my defense that, for a book that ranges from the 12th to the 20th century, I could not track down all the secondary literature on all my sources . To be sure, this is a weak defense where the specific lacunae identified by the comments are concerned, as they mostly fall in the chronological and subject areas that the book focuses on, namely the 18th century . In this regard, I can only say that while I discuss such topics as Physiocracy and abolitionism at length, the book is not primarily about either of these topics . So what is the book really about? It may be helpful here to restate its goals and origins, particularly as I am largely responding to two trends in Anglo-American scholarship . These trends are in some respects mirror-images of each other . The first concerns older works on the history of human rights . These studies tended to take an either/or approach to political texts that discuss natural law or natural rights . Scholars such as Leo Strauss, Michel Villey (who was French, but played an influential role in English-language scholarship), and Richard Tuck traced a general evolution, from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, away from natural law toward natural rights . They typically accompanied this analysis with a value judgment, privileging one over the other (natural law, for Strauss and Villey; natural rights, for Tuck) .1 The second trend concerns more recent scholarship . In the influential studies by Lynn Hunt, Samuel Moyn, and others, the history of human rights is almost entirely severed
{"title":"Spirit of Rights. Response to Comments","authors":"D. Edelstein","doi":"10.32725/oph.2020.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2020.008","url":null,"abstract":"Let me begin by expressing my thanks to Ivo Cerman for organizing and contributing to this forum, as well as to Thérence Carvalho, Emmanuelle de Champs, and Olivier Grenouilleau for their generous, erudite, and very insightful comments . I am very honored by the time and attention that these four distinguished scholars have dedicated to reading my book so closely . Reflecting on these comments, my greatest regret is that I cannot go back and address some of their feedback in the book itself . In particular, the authors have brought to my attention various studies that would have enriched my understanding of the topics discussed in the book . I knew when writing this book that I was undoubtedly overlooking some of the scholarship in French and German, and these comments have confirmed my fears . While I genuinely regret not having benefited from these additional sources, I will note in my defense that, for a book that ranges from the 12th to the 20th century, I could not track down all the secondary literature on all my sources . To be sure, this is a weak defense where the specific lacunae identified by the comments are concerned, as they mostly fall in the chronological and subject areas that the book focuses on, namely the 18th century . In this regard, I can only say that while I discuss such topics as Physiocracy and abolitionism at length, the book is not primarily about either of these topics . So what is the book really about? It may be helpful here to restate its goals and origins, particularly as I am largely responding to two trends in Anglo-American scholarship . These trends are in some respects mirror-images of each other . The first concerns older works on the history of human rights . These studies tended to take an either/or approach to political texts that discuss natural law or natural rights . Scholars such as Leo Strauss, Michel Villey (who was French, but played an influential role in English-language scholarship), and Richard Tuck traced a general evolution, from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, away from natural law toward natural rights . They typically accompanied this analysis with a value judgment, privileging one over the other (natural law, for Strauss and Villey; natural rights, for Tuck) .1 The second trend concerns more recent scholarship . In the influential studies by Lynn Hunt, Samuel Moyn, and others, the history of human rights is almost entirely severed","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What place does physiocracy occupy in the genealogy of human rights? Dan Edelstein attempts to answer this important question in his book On the Spirit of Rights.1 Physiocracy has long been reduced to a strictly economic trend or to a sort of embryonic version of 19th-century liberalism . However, the physiocrats also propose a rich political and legal project based on the recognition of natural rights . Born from the association of the Greek words physis (φυσισ) which means „nature“, and kratos (κρατοσ) which refers to power, physiocracy is etymologically defined as the „government of nature“ . It stems from the founding meeting which took place in Versailles in 1757 between Dr . François Quesnay, personal physician and protégé of Madame de Pompadour, and the Marquis de Mirabeau, crowned with literary glory following the success of L’Ami des hommes . In a manner equivalent to the discovery of the laws of physics, Quesnay and his disciples believe they have brought to light the natural laws which govern the functioning of human societies . These laws relate to law, politics and economics . As Du Pont de Nemours reproaches Jean-Baptiste Say in 1815: „You have narrowed the career of political economy too much by treating it only as the science of wealth . It is the science of natural law applied, as it should be, to civilized societies . It is the science of constitutions“ and „that of enlightened justice in all internal and external social relations“2 . In a most salutary way, Edelstein’s book is part of a recent historiographical trend which contributes to the rehabilitation of the importance of physiocracy in the Western history of political and legal ideas . As Anthony Mergey had already shown in his work of reference3, physiocrats played a major role in the development and recognition of „natural human rights“ („droits naturels de l ’homme“) . However, it seems regrettable from a bibliographical point of view that works which form part of this trend are not mobilized by the author . While the book cites with great interest the studies by Michel Villey, Stéphane Rials, François Quastana or Arnault Skornicki, those by Anthony Mergey and Éric Gojosso – which, however, are specifically concerned with physiocracy – are surprisingly absent .4
{"title":"The Role of Physiocracy in the Birth of Human Rights","authors":"T. Carvalho","doi":"10.32725/oph.2020.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2020.004","url":null,"abstract":"What place does physiocracy occupy in the genealogy of human rights? Dan Edelstein attempts to answer this important question in his book On the Spirit of Rights.1 Physiocracy has long been reduced to a strictly economic trend or to a sort of embryonic version of 19th-century liberalism . However, the physiocrats also propose a rich political and legal project based on the recognition of natural rights . Born from the association of the Greek words physis (φυσισ) which means „nature“, and kratos (κρατοσ) which refers to power, physiocracy is etymologically defined as the „government of nature“ . It stems from the founding meeting which took place in Versailles in 1757 between Dr . François Quesnay, personal physician and protégé of Madame de Pompadour, and the Marquis de Mirabeau, crowned with literary glory following the success of L’Ami des hommes . In a manner equivalent to the discovery of the laws of physics, Quesnay and his disciples believe they have brought to light the natural laws which govern the functioning of human societies . These laws relate to law, politics and economics . As Du Pont de Nemours reproaches Jean-Baptiste Say in 1815: „You have narrowed the career of political economy too much by treating it only as the science of wealth . It is the science of natural law applied, as it should be, to civilized societies . It is the science of constitutions“ and „that of enlightened justice in all internal and external social relations“2 . In a most salutary way, Edelstein’s book is part of a recent historiographical trend which contributes to the rehabilitation of the importance of physiocracy in the Western history of political and legal ideas . As Anthony Mergey had already shown in his work of reference3, physiocrats played a major role in the development and recognition of „natural human rights“ („droits naturels de l ’homme“) . However, it seems regrettable from a bibliographical point of view that works which form part of this trend are not mobilized by the author . While the book cites with great interest the studies by Michel Villey, Stéphane Rials, François Quastana or Arnault Skornicki, those by Anthony Mergey and Éric Gojosso – which, however, are specifically concerned with physiocracy – are surprisingly absent .4","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Tableau general de la Monarchie is probably the longest but rarely quoted early memorandum of Joseph II. It is kept in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna. I am preparing a full-text edition of the source with detailed notes and analysis in a separate publication. In this research report, I provide a short preliminary introduction to the source, covering the historiography, the problem of accurate datation, and the context, as well as an outline of the contents. The document is also outstanding because Joseph II formulated here probably the most detailed views on foreign affairs. At the same time - surprisingly, in this case - he is a docile follower of Kaunitz.
《君主将军表》(Tableau general de la Monarchie)可能是约瑟夫二世早期备忘录中最长但很少被引用的。它被保存在维也纳的国家档案馆。我正准备在单独的出版物中提供该来源的全文版本，其中包含详细的注释和分析。在这篇研究报告中，我提供了一个简短的初步介绍来源，包括史学，准确的数据问题，和上下文，以及内容大纲。这份文件之所以杰出，还因为约瑟夫二世在这里阐述了可能是对外交事务最详细的看法。与此同时，令人惊讶的是，他是考尼茨的一个温顺的追随者。
{"title":"Eine Quellenedition in Vorbereitung: Josephs II. \"Tableau général\" (1768)","authors":"Antal Szántay","doi":"10.32725/OPH.2020.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/OPH.2020.009","url":null,"abstract":"The Tableau general de la Monarchie is probably the longest but rarely quoted early memorandum of Joseph II. It is kept in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna. I am preparing a full-text edition of the source with detailed notes and analysis in a separate publication. In this research report, I provide a short preliminary introduction to the source, covering the historiography, the problem of accurate datation, and the context, as well as an outline of the contents. The document is also outstanding because Joseph II formulated here probably the most detailed views on foreign affairs. At the same time - surprisingly, in this case - he is a docile follower of Kaunitz.","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":"21 1","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70051580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Habsburgs in early modern Czech historical research","authors":"V. Bůžek","doi":"10.32725/oph.2019.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2019.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Communication between Prague, Heidelberg and London at the Time of the Bohemian Revolt. Correspondence and communication networks","authors":"P. Král","doi":"10.32725/oph.2019.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2019.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Bohemian Peasant Patents of 1680 and Legal Protection of Serfs. Edition of Documents","authors":"Ivo Cerman","doi":"10.32725/oph.2019.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2019.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43091008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jiří Olivier Wallis and the Hungarian theatre of war in the years 1716 and 1717","authors":"M. Řezáčová","doi":"10.32725/oph.2019.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32725/oph.2019.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36082,"journal":{"name":"Opera Historica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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