Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101117
Jianpeng Zhang , Yuncheng Deng , Jinliang Wang , Rafael Antonio Chaparro Torres , Jie Li , Jiya Pan , Feng Cheng , Cheng Wang
Urban green spaces play a vital role in carbon sequestration and climate regulation. This study estimates the above-ground carbon (AGC) storage of urban trees in Chenggong District, Kunming City, using airborne laser scanning (ALS) point cloud data and GF-2 satellite imagery. Two primary objectives were addressed: (1) An above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation model for urban trees was developed by incorporating crown volume. The model, constructed using the XGBoost algorithm with tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown volume as predictors, incorporating crown volume significantly improved accuracy, with the R² of the training set increasing from 0.793 to 0.932 and the test set from 0.807 to 0.856. (2) The model was then applied to estimate spatially explicit AGC storage across the built-up area. Results show a total AGB of approximately 4.51×104 t, AGC storage of 2.26×104 t, and a mean carbon density of 6.69 kg/m2. Wujaying and Yuhua subdistricts were identified as AGC storage hotspots. Furthermore, the study found that traditional vegetation indices and texture features had limited effectiveness in indicating individual tree AGB under high-resolution imagery. A rapid AGC estimation workflow integrating LiDAR and optical remote sensing was established, providing robust technical support for urban carbon sink assessment and ecological planning.
{"title":"Estimation of above-ground carbon storage in urban green space trees incorporating crown volume structural parameters","authors":"Jianpeng Zhang , Yuncheng Deng , Jinliang Wang , Rafael Antonio Chaparro Torres , Jie Li , Jiya Pan , Feng Cheng , Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces play a vital role in carbon sequestration and climate regulation. This study estimates the above-ground carbon (AGC) storage of urban trees in Chenggong District, Kunming City, using airborne laser scanning (ALS) point cloud data and GF-2 satellite imagery. Two primary objectives were addressed: (1) An above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation model for urban trees was developed by incorporating crown volume. The model, constructed using the XGBoost algorithm with tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown volume as predictors, incorporating crown volume significantly improved accuracy, with the <em>R²</em> of the training set increasing from 0.793 to 0.932 and the test set from 0.807 to 0.856. (2) The model was then applied to estimate spatially explicit AGC storage across the built-up area. Results show a total AGB of approximately 4.51×10<sup>4</sup> t, AGC storage of 2.26×10<sup>4</sup> t, and a mean carbon density of 6.69 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Wujaying and Yuhua subdistricts were identified as AGC storage hotspots. Furthermore, the study found that traditional vegetation indices and texture features had limited effectiveness in indicating individual tree AGB under high-resolution imagery. A rapid AGC estimation workflow integrating LiDAR and optical remote sensing was established, providing robust technical support for urban carbon sink assessment and ecological planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101146
Renjie Wu , Zhijun Dai , Xuefei Mei , Chuqi Long , Diankai Wang , Jie Wang , Jinping Cheng
Mangroves play a crucial role in coastal protection and biodiversity but face escalating threats from anthropogenic pressures and climate-driven disturbances. Long-term monitoring remains challenging due to mangrove fragmentation and limited high-resolution historical data. This study presents a deep learning–based approach for mangrove identification, leveraging cloud-free Sentinel-2 MSI imagery (10 m resolution) and Mask R-CNN to map and analyze mangrove dynamics on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, from 2016 to 2024. The model integrates surface reflectance bands, spectral indices (EVI, LSWI, MVI), and elevation data, achieving high accuracy (mean absolute percentage error: 6.91%; root mean square error: 0.04 × 10⁴ ha). Multi-source validation demonstrated its strong generalization capacity across global mangrove ecosystems. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed divergent trends in two key mangrove stands. In Shui Hau, mangrove area declined continuously from 0.77 ha in 2016 to 0.39 ha in 2024, accompanied by shoreline erosion at a rate of 3.07 m/yr. This loss was associated with reduced suspended sediment concentration and persistent high wave energy. In contrast, Tung Chung’s mangrove area expanded from 3.28 ha to 3.59 ha, with shoreline accretion at 0.85 m/yr, supported by moderate wave dynamics and higher sediment availability. These findings underscore the value of 10 m resolution Sentinel-2 MSI imagery for historical mangrove mapping, providing critical insights for targeted conservation and management strategies.
{"title":"Mask R-CNN-based detection and segmentation of Mangrove ecosystems in Lantau Island, Hong Kong","authors":"Renjie Wu , Zhijun Dai , Xuefei Mei , Chuqi Long , Diankai Wang , Jie Wang , Jinping Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangroves play a crucial role in coastal protection and biodiversity but face escalating threats from anthropogenic pressures and climate-driven disturbances. Long-term monitoring remains challenging due to mangrove fragmentation and limited high-resolution historical data. This study presents a deep learning–based approach for mangrove identification, leveraging cloud-free Sentinel-2 MSI imagery (10 m resolution) and Mask R-CNN to map and analyze mangrove dynamics on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, from 2016 to 2024. The model integrates surface reflectance bands, spectral indices (EVI, LSWI, MVI), and elevation data, achieving high accuracy (mean absolute percentage error: 6.91%; root mean square error: 0.04 × 10⁴ ha). Multi-source validation demonstrated its strong generalization capacity across global mangrove ecosystems. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed divergent trends in two key mangrove stands. In Shui Hau, mangrove area declined continuously from 0.77 ha in 2016 to 0.39 ha in 2024, accompanied by shoreline erosion at a rate of 3.07 m/yr. This loss was associated with reduced suspended sediment concentration and persistent high wave energy. In contrast, Tung Chung’s mangrove area expanded from 3.28 ha to 3.59 ha, with shoreline accretion at 0.85 m/yr, supported by moderate wave dynamics and higher sediment availability. These findings underscore the value of 10 m resolution Sentinel-2 MSI imagery for historical mangrove mapping, providing critical insights for targeted conservation and management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101148
Niamjit Das
Disturbance gradients strongly influence tropical forest dynamics, shaping biodiversity, structure, and regeneration. This study provides the first empirical assessment of disturbance effects on Sal (Shorea robusta) forests in Dharmapur National Park, Bangladesh, part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Across 105 plots, species richness declined from 35 in low-disturbance stands to 17 in highly disturbed stands, while Shannon diversity decreased from 2.4 to 2.1. Stand structure was similarly eroded, with basal area reduced by ∼50% and tree density halved. Although regeneration of S. robusta remained relatively resilient, late-successional and shade-tolerant associates declined sharply, indicating vulnerability to disturbance. Ordination analyses revealed significant compositional turnover, with highly disturbed plots dominated by S. robusta and disturbance-tolerant taxa. These findings demonstrate that disturbance simplifies forest structure, reduces diversity, and constrains regeneration of non-Sal species, increasing the risk of long-term homogenization into Sal-dominated stands. Disturbance-sensitive management, enrichment planting of vulnerable associates, and community-based conservation are critical to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services, while supporting Bangladesh’s forest policy priorities, REDD+ commitments, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Disturbance gradients reshape biodiversity, structure, and regeneration in Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of Dharmapur National Park, Bangladesh","authors":"Niamjit Das","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disturbance gradients strongly influence tropical forest dynamics, shaping biodiversity, structure, and regeneration. This study provides the first empirical assessment of disturbance effects on Sal (<em>Shorea robusta</em>) forests in Dharmapur National Park, Bangladesh, part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Across 105 plots, species richness declined from 35 in low-disturbance stands to 17 in highly disturbed stands, while Shannon diversity decreased from 2.4 to 2.1. Stand structure was similarly eroded, with basal area reduced by ∼50% and tree density halved. Although regeneration of <em>S. robusta</em> remained relatively resilient, late-successional and shade-tolerant associates declined sharply, indicating vulnerability to disturbance. Ordination analyses revealed significant compositional turnover, with highly disturbed plots dominated by <em>S. robusta</em> and disturbance-tolerant taxa. These findings demonstrate that disturbance simplifies forest structure, reduces diversity, and constrains regeneration of non-Sal species, increasing the risk of long-term homogenization into Sal-dominated stands. Disturbance-sensitive management, enrichment planting of vulnerable associates, and community-based conservation are critical to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services, while supporting Bangladesh’s forest policy priorities, REDD+ commitments, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101099
Ah Reum Han , Kim Jong-gap , Minwoo Oh , Jieun Oh , Seungbum Hong
The Korean fir (Abies koreana), an endemic species that exists in isolated populations on certain high-elevation mountains in South Korea, has been experiencing a steady decline in recent years. This study aimed to predict future suitable habitats of Korean fir on Mt. Hallasan, which marks the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution, and to identify the key environmental factors influencing its presence and spatial distribution. A total of 36 variables, including bioclimatic, topographic, and soil characteristics, were utilized to predict species occurrence and density at a spatial resolution of 100 meters. The analytical methods employed comprised logistic or lasso regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, and an ensemble modeling approach. Furthermore, a hurdle model was constructed using these variables. The relative importance of each predictor and its influence on the response variables were evaluated through Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Among the models tested, XGBoost showed the best performance for predicting species occurrence (AUC>0.9), while LightGBM was most effective for modeling density (R2=0.69). Projections under future climate scenarios, specifically SSP3–7.0 and more severe pathways, more than half of the suitable habitat and over 90 % of the population will be lost by the end of the 21st century, with faster declines occurring in areas of higher population density. Both the presence and density models were primarily influenced by the Snow Average, a derived variable, preceding the start of growth, showing a marked increase once a critical threshold of 290 mm, which is the insulation standard, was surpassed. The second key variable, bio03, was associated with values below this critical threshold. Other important predictors in the presence model included bio15 and Positive Openness, while the density model was more strongly affected by topographic variables. The research highlights that successful conservation and management of Korean fir populations depend on minimizing drought stress before the growth season and enhancing the physical stability of their habitats. Achieving this necessitates ongoing habitat monitoring and thorough observation to identify critical thresholds for essential environmental factors, particularly microtopographic characteristics and snow cover patterns.
{"title":"Identifying climate and topographic factors for Korean Fir (Abies koreana) of Mt. Hallasan using machine learning under projected climate change scenarios","authors":"Ah Reum Han , Kim Jong-gap , Minwoo Oh , Jieun Oh , Seungbum Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Korean fir (<em>Abies koreana</em>), an endemic species that exists in isolated populations on certain high-elevation mountains in South Korea, has been experiencing a steady decline in recent years. This study aimed to predict future suitable habitats of Korean fir on Mt. Hallasan, which marks the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution, and to identify the key environmental factors influencing its presence and spatial distribution. A total of 36 variables, including bioclimatic, topographic, and soil characteristics, were utilized to predict species occurrence and density at a spatial resolution of 100 meters. The analytical methods employed comprised logistic or lasso regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, and an ensemble modeling approach. Furthermore, a hurdle model was constructed using these variables. The relative importance of each predictor and its influence on the response variables were evaluated through Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Among the models tested, XGBoost showed the best performance for predicting species occurrence (AUC>0.9), while LightGBM was most effective for modeling density (R<sup>2</sup>=0.69). Projections under future climate scenarios, specifically SSP3–7.0 and more severe pathways, more than half of the suitable habitat and over 90 % of the population will be lost by the end of the 21st century, with faster declines occurring in areas of higher population density. Both the presence and density models were primarily influenced by the <em>Snow Average</em>, a derived variable, preceding the start of growth, showing a marked increase once a critical threshold of 290 mm, which is the insulation standard, was surpassed. The second key variable, <em>bio03</em>, was associated with values below this critical threshold. Other important predictors in the presence model included <em>bio15</em> and <em>Positive Openness</em>, while the density model was more strongly affected by topographic variables. The research highlights that successful conservation and management of Korean fir populations depend on minimizing drought stress before the growth season and enhancing the physical stability of their habitats. Achieving this necessitates ongoing habitat monitoring and thorough observation to identify critical thresholds for essential environmental factors, particularly microtopographic characteristics and snow cover patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101147
Eny Sulistyaningrum , Prayudi Ibrahim Nasution
This study aims to analyse the current development of the Forestry Sector regarding the impact of forest degradation in Indonesia on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income, and employment, and also the consequences on the relationship between employment status and the welfare of forestry sector workers. The main findings show that forest degradation at around IDR 683 billion leads to an estimated loss of IDR 882 billion in GDP, reduction of IDR 261 billion in income, and the loss of approximately 4735 workforce in 2022. On the micro level, the study finds that informal workers are less likely to have access to financial services and are more likely to experience food insecurity, but it is not show a statistically significant access to healthcare.
{"title":"Forest degradation and its economic and employment consequences: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"Eny Sulistyaningrum , Prayudi Ibrahim Nasution","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to analyse the current development of the Forestry Sector regarding the impact of forest degradation in Indonesia on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income, and employment, and also the consequences on the relationship between employment status and the welfare of forestry sector workers. The main findings show that forest degradation at around IDR 683 billion leads to an estimated loss of IDR 882 billion in GDP, reduction of IDR 261 billion in income, and the loss of approximately 4735 workforce in 2022. On the micro level, the study finds that informal workers are less likely to have access to financial services and are more likely to experience food insecurity, but it is not show a statistically significant access to healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101139
Fatima Salaheldin Mohamad Ali , Ahmed A.H. Siddig , Jan Henning Sommer , Christian Borgemeister , Lisa Biber-Freudenberger
Gum arabic forests in Sudan are significant and biodiverse habitats, providing various ecosystem services (ES) that support both rural livelihoods and the national economy. However, effectively protecting and managing these forests is challenging, as the government's primary objective of producing gum for export often conflicts with local communities' reliance on forests for other ES. In this study, we explored the valuation of ES in the Okalma Reserved Forest using a participatory approach.
We surveyed 150 households in two villages bordering the Okalma buffer zone at varying distances from the forest. Participants valued 12 different forest ES based on their perceived contribution to livelihoods, using a scale from zero to five. We employed descriptive statistics, feature selection, and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to analyze the data and explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on ES valuation by community members.
Our results indicate that regulating ES received the highest values, followed by provisioning and cultural ES. Despite its national economic importance, gum arabic was assigned a lower local value than other ES, highlighting a conflict between state and community priorities. However, people with forest-based livelihoods, diversified livelihoods, and those in distant villages assigned the highest value to gum arabic.
For other ES, we observed distinct patterns: households with forest-based livelihoods and those relying on motorbikes or traditional carts for access assigned higher-than-average values to combined and provisioning services. Regulating ES were highly valued by individuals with a single livelihood source, and even more so by those with diversified livelihoods. For cultural ES, respondents with forest-based livelihoods and any formal education showed significantly higher valuation than those with no education. Finally, men valued tangible ES significantly less than women, a pattern that was particularly clear for wood ES.
Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ES valuation depends on the specific ES type, forest users’ characteristics, and forest governance context. Moreover, they provide empirical insights for global commodity–oriented forest management in Sudan and Africa, highlighting the need to balance export-driven production with local livelihoods and biodiversity conservation and restoration.
{"title":"Valuing ecosystem services in Sudan: a participatory study of the Okalma reserved forest","authors":"Fatima Salaheldin Mohamad Ali , Ahmed A.H. Siddig , Jan Henning Sommer , Christian Borgemeister , Lisa Biber-Freudenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gum arabic forests in Sudan are significant and biodiverse habitats, providing various ecosystem services (ES) that support both rural livelihoods and the national economy. However, effectively protecting and managing these forests is challenging, as the government's primary objective of producing gum for export often conflicts with local communities' reliance on forests for other ES. In this study, we explored the valuation of ES in the Okalma Reserved Forest using a participatory approach.</div><div>We surveyed 150 households in two villages bordering the Okalma buffer zone at varying distances from the forest. Participants valued 12 different forest ES based on their perceived contribution to livelihoods, using a scale from zero to five. We employed descriptive statistics, feature selection, and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to analyze the data and explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on ES valuation by community members.</div><div>Our results indicate that regulating ES received the highest values, followed by provisioning and cultural ES. Despite its national economic importance, gum arabic was assigned a lower local value than other ES, highlighting a conflict between state and community priorities. However, people with forest-based livelihoods, diversified livelihoods, and those in distant villages assigned the highest value to gum arabic.</div><div>For other ES, we observed distinct patterns: households with forest-based livelihoods and those relying on motorbikes or traditional carts for access assigned higher-than-average values to combined and provisioning services. Regulating ES were highly valued by individuals with a single livelihood source, and even more so by those with diversified livelihoods. For cultural ES, respondents with forest-based livelihoods and any formal education showed significantly higher valuation than those with no education. Finally, men valued tangible ES significantly less than women, a pattern that was particularly clear for wood ES.</div><div>Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ES valuation depends on the specific ES type, forest users’ characteristics, and forest governance context. Moreover, they provide empirical insights for global commodity–oriented forest management in Sudan and Africa, highlighting the need to balance export-driven production with local livelihoods and biodiversity conservation and restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101132
Zhenfan Liu , Yiwei Han , Hanqing Zheng , Wenjuan Wu , Ming Chen , Donghui Peng
Urban green spaces help mitigate urban heat, yet the equity of their cooling services remains insufficiently examined. Existing equity assessments often emphasize the quantity of green space while overlooking qualitative attributes and resident preferences. This study analyzes 52 green spaces in Fuzhou and develops an integrated framework to assess the equity of cooling services by combining cooling performance, service quality, and user preferences. The evaluation covers cooling intensity, accessibility, and spatial equity. The results show that: (1) cooling performance varies substantially across the city, with large peripheral parks providing strong cooling effects, whereas many small centrally located green spaces offer limited cooling; (2) cooling accessibility exhibits a “core clusters—peripheral gaps—local hotspots” pattern, indicating pronounced disparities at the urban–rural interface; and (3) overall cooling equity remains low as high-quality cooling services are unevenly allocated relative to population needs, and extending travel-time thresholds does little to correct this imbalance. The study’s primary contribution is integrating cooling effects, service quality, and resident preferences into a comprehensive equity assessment framework, offering valuable guidance for green space planning and promoting environmental justice.
{"title":"Equity of cooling services of urban green spaces from the perspective of community life circles: Integrating cooling effects, service quality, and resident preferences","authors":"Zhenfan Liu , Yiwei Han , Hanqing Zheng , Wenjuan Wu , Ming Chen , Donghui Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces help mitigate urban heat, yet the equity of their cooling services remains insufficiently examined. Existing equity assessments often emphasize the quantity of green space while overlooking qualitative attributes and resident preferences. This study analyzes 52 green spaces in Fuzhou and develops an integrated framework to assess the equity of cooling services by combining cooling performance, service quality, and user preferences. The evaluation covers cooling intensity, accessibility, and spatial equity. The results show that: (1) cooling performance varies substantially across the city, with large peripheral parks providing strong cooling effects, whereas many small centrally located green spaces offer limited cooling; (2) cooling accessibility exhibits a “core clusters—peripheral gaps—local hotspots” pattern, indicating pronounced disparities at the urban–rural interface; and (3) overall cooling equity remains low as high-quality cooling services are unevenly allocated relative to population needs, and extending travel-time thresholds does little to correct this imbalance. The study’s primary contribution is integrating cooling effects, service quality, and resident preferences into a comprehensive equity assessment framework, offering valuable guidance for green space planning and promoting environmental justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101120
Suna Yun , Longfei Hao , Yongjie Yue , Tingyan Liu , Wenna Sun , Wanghuai Shi , Zhuyao Liu , Jiasheng Yu , Yongning Hu
This study investigated how ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal inoculation affects the rhizosphere microenvironment and growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings under different nitrogen (N) addition levels. Results showed microbial diversity and biomass exhibited threshold responses to N. Under ECMF inoculation, low N (LN) increased bacterial diversity (Chao1 index +13.40 %) and microbial biomass phosphorus (+139.20 %), whereas high N (HN) only marginally increased diversity and decreased microbial biomass carbon (-41.4 %). LN inoculation also increased total soil C and P, alleviated microbial C limitation, and promoted seedling morphology (e.g., specific root length +58.97 %, seedling height +58.58 %). In contrast, HN inhibited root development and exacerbated the effects of N limitation. Without inoculation, HN resulted in higher bacterial diversity and soil nutrient content than did LN. Path analysis identified N addition and inoculation as key positive drivers of aboveground growth, with root morphology showing negative feedback. In conclusion, ECMF inoculation benefits seedling growth by enhancing microbial diversity and P availability under low N conditions, but high N causes CN imbalance and suppresses mycorrhizal benefits, providing theoretical support for mycorrhizal application in semi-arid areas under N deposition. Consequently, based on an identified threshold of ≈6 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹ for N addition, we recommend ECMF inoculation only under low-N conditions to ensure seedling morphological formation. This practice should be avoided under high-N conditions to prevent the loss of symbiotic benefits and a decline in ecological adaptability.
{"title":"Regulatory effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the morphological construction of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings under exogenous nitrogen input","authors":"Suna Yun , Longfei Hao , Yongjie Yue , Tingyan Liu , Wenna Sun , Wanghuai Shi , Zhuyao Liu , Jiasheng Yu , Yongning Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated how ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal inoculation affects the rhizosphere microenvironment and growth of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> var<em>. mongolica</em> seedlings under different nitrogen (N) addition levels. Results showed microbial diversity and biomass exhibited threshold responses to N. Under ECMF inoculation, low N (LN) increased bacterial diversity (Chao1 index +13.40 %) and microbial biomass phosphorus (+139.20 %), whereas high N (HN) only marginally increased diversity and decreased microbial biomass carbon (-41.4 %). LN inoculation also increased total soil C and P, alleviated microbial C limitation, and promoted seedling morphology (e.g., specific root length +58.97 %, seedling height +58.58 %). In contrast, HN inhibited root development and exacerbated the effects of N limitation. Without inoculation, HN resulted in higher bacterial diversity and soil nutrient content than did LN. Path analysis identified N addition and inoculation as key positive drivers of aboveground growth, with root morphology showing negative feedback. In conclusion, ECMF inoculation benefits seedling growth by enhancing microbial diversity and P availability under low N conditions, but high N causes C<img>N imbalance and suppresses mycorrhizal benefits, providing theoretical support for mycorrhizal application in semi-arid areas under N deposition. Consequently, based on an identified threshold of ≈6 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹ for N addition, we recommend ECMF inoculation only under low-N conditions to ensure seedling morphological formation. This practice should be avoided under high-N conditions to prevent the loss of symbiotic benefits and a decline in ecological adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afzelia africana is a key forest species in West Africa, particularly in Benin, where it supports both ecological stability and local livelihoods. However, the species has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2019 due to increasing human pressure. This study combines Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) with forest inventory data to provide a comprehensive assessment of its conservation status in Benin. LEK revealed that the species is declining mainly due to logging, with additional pressures from branch pruning, agricultural expansion, vegetation fires, and drought. Forest inventories confirmed these perceptions, showing populations dominated by small-diameter trees (5–30 cm) and very few large individuals (>60 cm). Adults were present in about 74.55 % of plots, while regenerating and subadult trees occurred in fewer plots (<38.79 % and 23.03 %, respectively), indicating an overall imbalance in life stages and limited successful recruitment. Communities reported several traditional conservation measures, including assisted natural regeneration, targeted reforestation, planting A. africana as a shade tree in house courtyards, and preserving it as a sacred species. Integrating LEK with quantitative data yields a nuanced understanding of threats to A. africana. It not only confirms its population decline but also reveals regeneration bottlenecks and highlights community-led strategies that support its persistence. It provides critical added value by uncovering the complex social-ecological drivers behind observed trends. This biocultural approach represents the first assessment of A. africana in Benin that explicitly links population structure with local conservation practices, offering a transferable framework for managing threatened tree species in tropical regions.
{"title":"Local Ecological Knowledge and forest inventories reveal Afzelia africana Sm. decline in Benin, West Africa","authors":"Agbatan Marc Koutchoro , Laurent Gbenato Houessou , Amah Akodewou , Narcisse Yehouenou , Ogoudje Isidore Amahowe","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Afzelia africana</em> is a key forest species in West Africa, particularly in Benin, where it supports both ecological stability and local livelihoods. However, the species has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2019 due to increasing human pressure. This study combines Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) with forest inventory data to provide a comprehensive assessment of its conservation status in Benin. LEK revealed that the species is declining mainly due to logging, with additional pressures from branch pruning, agricultural expansion, vegetation fires, and drought. Forest inventories confirmed these perceptions, showing populations dominated by small-diameter trees (5–30 cm) and very few large individuals (>60 cm). Adults were present in about 74.55 % of plots, while regenerating and subadult trees occurred in fewer plots (<38.79 % and 23.03 %, respectively), indicating an overall imbalance in life stages and limited successful recruitment. Communities reported several traditional conservation measures, including assisted natural regeneration, targeted reforestation, planting <em>A. africana</em> as a shade tree in house courtyards, and preserving it as a sacred species. Integrating LEK with quantitative data yields a nuanced understanding of threats to <em>A. afri</em>cana. It not only confirms its population decline but also reveals regeneration bottlenecks and highlights community-led strategies that support its persistence. It provides critical added value by uncovering the complex social-ecological drivers behind observed trends. This biocultural approach represents the first assessment of <em>A. africana</em> in Benin that explicitly links population structure with local conservation practices, offering a transferable framework for managing threatened tree species in tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101141
Arnaldo Marques , Teresa Cervera , Teresa Baiges , Pere Casals , Mario Beltrán , Lluís Coll , Miquel de Cáceres , Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez , Aitor Ameztegui
Forest management is crucial for climate change mitigation, particularly in Mediterranean forests, which serve as significant carbon pools but face increasing climate threats. This study assesses the impact of different forest management strategies on the carbon balance of Mediterranean forests in Catalonia (NE Spain) under two climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We simulate forest dynamics over 100 years and apply a Life Cycle Assessment approach to quantify carbon fluxes associated with four contrasting management strategies: (i) Business-as-usual, (ii) Promotion of wood energy, (iii) Carbon storage, and (iv) Ecohydrological-based management. Our results indicate that management strongly influences the carbon balance, often outweighing the effect of climate change. The carbon storage scenario exhibited the highest net sequestration due to extended rotations and the production of long-lived wood products, while the Promotion of wood energy scenario led to higher emissions, resulting in carbon losses in low-productivity Pinus nigra forests. Manufacturing dominated emissions (50–75%), while forest growth accounted for most uptake (77%). Our findings indicate that climate-smart forestry in Mediterranean landscapes should prioritize strategies that balance productivity, resilience, and carbon storage. Ecohydrological management stands out as a scalable pathway for the fragmented private forests typical of the region, while carbon-storage practices may be selectively applied in productive and well-protected stands.
{"title":"Impacts of forest management and climate change on carbon emissions in Mediterranean forests","authors":"Arnaldo Marques , Teresa Cervera , Teresa Baiges , Pere Casals , Mario Beltrán , Lluís Coll , Miquel de Cáceres , Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez , Aitor Ameztegui","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest management is crucial for climate change mitigation, particularly in Mediterranean forests, which serve as significant carbon pools but face increasing climate threats. This study assesses the impact of different forest management strategies on the carbon balance of Mediterranean forests in Catalonia (NE Spain) under two climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We simulate forest dynamics over 100 years and apply a Life Cycle Assessment approach to quantify carbon fluxes associated with four contrasting management strategies: (i) Business-as-usual, (ii) Promotion of wood energy, (iii) Carbon storage, and (iv) Ecohydrological-based management. Our results indicate that management strongly influences the carbon balance, often outweighing the effect of climate change. The <em>carbon storage</em> scenario exhibited the highest net sequestration due to extended rotations and the production of long-lived wood products, while the <em>Promotion of wood energy</em> scenario led to higher emissions, resulting in carbon losses in low-productivity <em>Pinus nigra</em> forests. Manufacturing dominated emissions (50–75%), while forest growth accounted for most uptake (77%). Our findings indicate that climate-smart forestry in Mediterranean landscapes should prioritize strategies that balance productivity, resilience, and carbon storage. Ecohydrological management stands out as a scalable pathway for the fragmented private forests typical of the region, while carbon-storage practices may be selectively applied in productive and well-protected stands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号