Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101100
Aide Heredia Telles , Christian Wehenkel , Gustavo Perez-Verdin
This study analyzes perceptions of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) international certification system, specifically knowledge of the scheme and perceptions of social, economic, and environmental benefits among members of currently certified ejidos and ejidos that have discontinued certification in Durango, Mexico. Two hundred surveys were administered in 20 ejidos in order to compare the two groups. The results show that there are no significant differences in knowledge of the international FSC system between the two groups. However, certified ejidos reported more favorable perceptions of social and environmental benefits. In contrast, the perception of economic benefits was low and did not differ between groups, suggesting a limited perceived economic value of certification. Classification accuracy by Random Forest identified property size as the main predictor of certification status. These findings highlight the need to strengthen community knowledge about international certification, address economic barriers, and delve deeper into the factors that influence the continuity of the process in community forest management contexts.
{"title":"Perceptions of international forest certification in ejidos of Durango, Mexico: Between continuity and non-renewal","authors":"Aide Heredia Telles , Christian Wehenkel , Gustavo Perez-Verdin","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes perceptions of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) international certification system, specifically knowledge of the scheme and perceptions of social, economic, and environmental benefits among members of currently certified ejidos and ejidos that have discontinued certification in Durango, Mexico. Two hundred surveys were administered in 20 ejidos in order to compare the two groups. The results show that there are no significant differences in knowledge of the international FSC system between the two groups. However, certified ejidos reported more favorable perceptions of social and environmental benefits. In contrast, the perception of economic benefits was low and did not differ between groups, suggesting a limited perceived economic value of certification. Classification accuracy by Random Forest identified property size as the main predictor of certification status. These findings highlight the need to strengthen community knowledge about international certification, address economic barriers, and delve deeper into the factors that influence the continuity of the process in community forest management contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101099
Ah Reum Han , Kim Jong-gap , Minwoo Oh , Jieun Oh , Seungbum Hong
The Korean fir (Abies koreana), an endemic species that exists in isolated populations on certain high-elevation mountains in South Korea, has been experiencing a steady decline in recent years. This study aimed to predict future suitable habitats of Korean fir on Mt. Hallasan, which marks the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution, and to identify the key environmental factors influencing its presence and spatial distribution. A total of 36 variables, including bioclimatic, topographic, and soil characteristics, were utilized to predict species occurrence and density at a spatial resolution of 100 meters. The analytical methods employed comprised logistic or lasso regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, and an ensemble modeling approach. Furthermore, a hurdle model was constructed using these variables. The relative importance of each predictor and its influence on the response variables were evaluated through Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Among the models tested, XGBoost showed the best performance for predicting species occurrence (AUC>0.9), while LightGBM was most effective for modeling density (R2=0.69). Projections under future climate scenarios, specifically SSP3–7.0 and more severe pathways, more than half of the suitable habitat and over 90 % of the population will be lost by the end of the 21st century, with faster declines occurring in areas of higher population density. Both the presence and density models were primarily influenced by the Snow Average, a derived variable, preceding the start of growth, showing a marked increase once a critical threshold of 290 mm, which is the insulation standard, was surpassed. The second key variable, bio03, was associated with values below this critical threshold. Other important predictors in the presence model included bio15 and Positive Openness, while the density model was more strongly affected by topographic variables. The research highlights that successful conservation and management of Korean fir populations depend on minimizing drought stress before the growth season and enhancing the physical stability of their habitats. Achieving this necessitates ongoing habitat monitoring and thorough observation to identify critical thresholds for essential environmental factors, particularly microtopographic characteristics and snow cover patterns.
{"title":"Identifying climate and topographic factors for Korean Fir (Abies koreana) of Mt. Hallasan using machine learning under projected climate change scenarios","authors":"Ah Reum Han , Kim Jong-gap , Minwoo Oh , Jieun Oh , Seungbum Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Korean fir (<em>Abies koreana</em>), an endemic species that exists in isolated populations on certain high-elevation mountains in South Korea, has been experiencing a steady decline in recent years. This study aimed to predict future suitable habitats of Korean fir on Mt. Hallasan, which marks the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution, and to identify the key environmental factors influencing its presence and spatial distribution. A total of 36 variables, including bioclimatic, topographic, and soil characteristics, were utilized to predict species occurrence and density at a spatial resolution of 100 meters. The analytical methods employed comprised logistic or lasso regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, and an ensemble modeling approach. Furthermore, a hurdle model was constructed using these variables. The relative importance of each predictor and its influence on the response variables were evaluated through Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Among the models tested, XGBoost showed the best performance for predicting species occurrence (AUC>0.9), while LightGBM was most effective for modeling density (R<sup>2</sup>=0.69). Projections under future climate scenarios, specifically SSP3–7.0 and more severe pathways, more than half of the suitable habitat and over 90 % of the population will be lost by the end of the 21st century, with faster declines occurring in areas of higher population density. Both the presence and density models were primarily influenced by the <em>Snow Average</em>, a derived variable, preceding the start of growth, showing a marked increase once a critical threshold of 290 mm, which is the insulation standard, was surpassed. The second key variable, <em>bio03</em>, was associated with values below this critical threshold. Other important predictors in the presence model included <em>bio15</em> and <em>Positive Openness</em>, while the density model was more strongly affected by topographic variables. The research highlights that successful conservation and management of Korean fir populations depend on minimizing drought stress before the growth season and enhancing the physical stability of their habitats. Achieving this necessitates ongoing habitat monitoring and thorough observation to identify critical thresholds for essential environmental factors, particularly microtopographic characteristics and snow cover patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhododendron campanulatum and Rhododendron anthopogon subsp. hypenanthum are significant species of the alpine ecosystem of the Central Himalaya, India where they not only constitute the important ecological associations but have also been integrated within the culture of the local residential population. This study investigated their adaptive strategies against the alpine environmental stress through ecological and morphological assessments along an altitudinal gradient. Ecological data were collected from 10 quadrats (plot size 10 m x 10 m each) laid per site, while morphological traits were measured from 100 healthy and mature leaves (10 from each of 10 randomly selected individuals) from each sampling site of the study area. Results of Importance Value Index and Provenance Value showed that both species became increasingly dominant at higher altitudes. R. campanulatum exhibited IVI of 62.7 at Site 2, 193.3 at Site 3 and 268.1 at Site 4. R. anthopogon subsp. hypenanthum showed PV of 35.7 at Site 2, 55.5 at Site 3 and 98.4 at Site 4 confirming their dominancy in upper zones. Leaf morphology analyses, based on 10 mature leaves collected from each site, showed Leaf area (r= -0.93⁎⁎), Specific leaf area (r = -0.88⁎⁎) and Leaf shape index (r= -0.812⁎⁎) significantly decreased with increasing altitude and varied along the altitude at p < 0.05 level of significance. It was also observed that R. campanulatum was shrinking in size and transforming to woody thickets with increasing altitude. The obtained results showed the survival of both the species of Rhododendron L. in the study area as an attribute of their plasticity against the tough environmental conditions of the alpine ecosystem.
{"title":"Adaptive strategies of Rhododendron campanulatum and Rhododendron anthopogon subsp. hypenanthum in the alpine ecosystem of Central Himalaya, India","authors":"Swati Naidu, Kiran Bargali, Archana Fartyal, Surendra Singh Bargali","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhododendron campanulatum</em> and <em>Rhododendron anthopogon</em> subsp. <em>hypenanthum</em> are significant species of the alpine ecosystem of the Central Himalaya, India where they not only constitute the important ecological associations but have also been integrated within the culture of the local residential population. This study investigated their adaptive strategies against the alpine environmental stress through ecological and morphological assessments along an altitudinal gradient. Ecological data were collected from 10 quadrats (plot size 10 m x 10 m each) laid per site, while morphological traits were measured from 100 healthy and mature leaves (10 from each of 10 randomly selected individuals) from each sampling site of the study area. Results of Importance Value Index and Provenance Value showed that both species became increasingly dominant at higher altitudes. <em>R. campanulatum</em> exhibited IVI of 62.7 at Site 2, 193.3 at Site 3 and 268.1 at Site 4. <em>R. anthopogon</em> subsp. <em>hypenanthum</em> showed PV of 35.7 at Site 2, 55.5 at Site 3 and 98.4 at Site 4 confirming their dominancy in upper zones. Leaf morphology analyses, based on 10 mature leaves collected from each site, showed Leaf area (<em>r</em>= -0.93<sup>⁎⁎</sup>), Specific leaf area (<em>r</em> = -0.88<sup>⁎⁎</sup>) and Leaf shape index (<em>r</em>= -0.812<sup>⁎⁎</sup>) significantly decreased with increasing altitude and varied along the altitude at <em>p</em> < 0.05 level of significance. It was also observed that <em>R. campanulatum</em> was shrinking in size and transforming to woody thickets with increasing altitude. The obtained results showed the survival of both the species of <em>Rhododendron</em> L. in the study area as an attribute of their plasticity against the tough environmental conditions of the alpine ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101096
Yihao Lu , Hui Liu , Bingqing Liu , Han Diao , Jianan Wang
With the surge in digital screen use, eye strain has become a growing public health concern. While urban forests are known to support psychological and physiological restoration, their capacity to alleviate eye strain remains underexplored. This study investigates whether short-term exposure to different types of urban forests can facilitate ocular recovery from screen-induced eye strain, using objective eye-tracking metrics. A total of 30 participants were fitted with wearable eye-tracking glasses and watched a 20-minute high-intensity video to induce eye strain before spending 10 min in a designated environment (open green space, semi-open green space, enclosed green space, green space with large water area, green space with small water area, and an indoor control). Eye metrics including blink rate, pupil size, fixation count/duration, and saccade count/duration were recorded at baseline, post-stress, and post-recovery. Significant recovery was observed in participants exposed to open green spaces and water-area settings, with reductions in pupil size and blink rate (p < 0.01). In contrast, the indoor environment failed to improve and even exacerbated eye strain. Among all indicators, pupil size change emerged as the strongest correlate of composite recovery. Urban blue-green spaces, especially those that are open and feature water elements, can effectively promote ocular recovery from acute eye strain. These findings underscore the value of incorporating open and water-rich natural elements into urban forestry design and management strategies that promote public well-being.
{"title":"Can urban forests alleviate eye strain? Evidence from eye-tracking metrics","authors":"Yihao Lu , Hui Liu , Bingqing Liu , Han Diao , Jianan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the surge in digital screen use, eye strain has become a growing public health concern. While urban forests are known to support psychological and physiological restoration, their capacity to alleviate eye strain remains underexplored. This study investigates whether short-term exposure to different types of urban forests can facilitate ocular recovery from screen-induced eye strain, using objective eye-tracking metrics. A total of 30 participants were fitted with wearable eye-tracking glasses and watched a 20-minute high-intensity video to induce eye strain before spending 10 min in a designated environment (open green space, semi-open green space, enclosed green space, green space with large water area, green space with small water area, and an indoor control). Eye metrics including blink rate, pupil size, fixation count/duration, and saccade count/duration were recorded at baseline, post-stress, and post-recovery. Significant recovery was observed in participants exposed to open green spaces and water-area settings, with reductions in pupil size and blink rate (<em>p</em> < 0.01). In contrast, the indoor environment failed to improve and even exacerbated eye strain. Among all indicators, pupil size change emerged as the strongest correlate of composite recovery. Urban blue-green spaces, especially those that are open and feature water elements, can effectively promote ocular recovery from acute eye strain. These findings underscore the value of incorporating open and water-rich natural elements into urban forestry design and management strategies that promote public well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101094
Paula Danyelle Ribeiro de Souza , Martha Lucia Ortiz-Moreno , Karen Ximena Sandoval-Parra
One of the main challenges of sustainability is achieving a balance between nature conservation and human activities, including the exploration of economic alternatives. The wellbeing of rural communities can be improved through technical knowledge related to the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), particularly in regions experiencing accelerated deforestation. Fungi belonging to the Phallales order possess diverse ecological requirements linked to their spore dispersers, that need further biological study for its use as NTFPs. The aim of this research is to provide an exploratory analysis of the potential distribution of Phallales fungi in the Neotropical region. GBIF species occurrence data (total: 1445) was used with the GBIF occurrences plugin in QGIS 3.18.0 to model potential distributions for South America based on four bioclimatic variables. These models were evaluated for multicollinearity (IVF < 2) and demonstrated effectiveness (TSS > 0.50). Results revealed that areas with the highest climatic suitability for the studied species are concentrated in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. This suggests the potential for the study and use of these species in other countries. The anticipated impact of this research includes directing further research efforts, fostering the development of bioeconomy projects by creating economic alternatives for communities that actively participate in biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Contribution to sustainable use of Phallales fungus in the Neotropics with their potential distribution","authors":"Paula Danyelle Ribeiro de Souza , Martha Lucia Ortiz-Moreno , Karen Ximena Sandoval-Parra","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main challenges of sustainability is achieving a balance between nature conservation and human activities, including the exploration of economic alternatives. The wellbeing of rural communities can be improved through technical knowledge related to the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), particularly in regions experiencing accelerated deforestation. Fungi belonging to the Phallales order possess diverse ecological requirements linked to their spore dispersers, that need further biological study for its use as NTFPs. The aim of this research is to provide an exploratory analysis of the potential distribution of Phallales fungi in the Neotropical region. GBIF species occurrence data (total: 1445) was used with the GBIF occurrences plugin in QGIS 3.18.0 to model potential distributions for South America based on four bioclimatic variables. These models were evaluated for multicollinearity (IVF < 2) and demonstrated effectiveness (TSS > 0.50). Results revealed that areas with the highest climatic suitability for the studied species are concentrated in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. This suggests the potential for the study and use of these species in other countries. The anticipated impact of this research includes directing further research efforts, fostering the development of bioeconomy projects by creating economic alternatives for communities that actively participate in biodiversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a long-lived conifer of ecological, cultural, and historical importance across Eurasia. Despite its remarkable resilience, wide distribution, and symbolic importance, the species has experienced a long-term decline due to a complex interplay of climatic fluctuations, megafaunal extinctions, human exploitation, and insufficient regeneration. Recent studies in palaeoecology, archaeology, dendroecology, and conservation have revealed a species with greater ecological plasticity and a broader historical distribution than previously assumed. However, many fundamental questions remain unresolved, particularly regarding its biogeographical history, population dynamics, recruitment processes, and the drivers of its decline.
This review stems from prior investigations of yew in the French Pyrenees and, more broadly, across Europe. These efforts led to a transdisciplinary seminar and opened a collaboration uniting >30 researchers across Eurasia. By synthesizing a wide array of data and perspectives, the article highlights key knowledge gaps and outlines emerging research priorities. These are organized thematically—past, present, and future—and include 25 questions on the species' ecological niche, life-history strategies, human interactions, genetic resilience, and conservation under global change. The article advocates for a shift towards integrative and long-term conservation strategies that embrace the historical legacies of yew populations, the general ecology of the species along with local ecological context dependence, and the urgency of future threats. By identifying pressing research needs, this review seeks to lay the foundation for new collaborative initiatives and to support evidence-based conservation of this emblematic yet understudied species.
{"title":"Seeing yew for the forest: a call to action for improving conservation and restoration of the European yew (Taxus baccata L.)","authors":"Saulnier Mélanie , Aksoy Necmi , Arnold Claire , Ballian Dalibor , Bebchuk Tatiana , Burri Sylvain , Calvia Giacomo , Camagny Thomas , Caraglio Yves , Cedro Anna , de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis , Deforce Koen , Esmailzadeh Omid , Ganatsas Petros , Gholizadeh Hamid , Govedar Zoran , Kaiser Knut , Lathuillière Laurent , Metreveli Vasil , Morel Lois , Svenning Jens-Christian","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European yew (<em>Taxus baccata</em> L.) is a long-lived conifer of ecological, cultural, and historical importance across Eurasia. Despite its remarkable resilience, wide distribution, and symbolic importance, the species has experienced a long-term decline due to a complex interplay of climatic fluctuations, megafaunal extinctions, human exploitation, and insufficient regeneration. Recent studies in palaeoecology, archaeology, dendroecology, and conservation have revealed a species with greater ecological plasticity and a broader historical distribution than previously assumed. However, many fundamental questions remain unresolved, particularly regarding its biogeographical history, population dynamics, recruitment processes, and the drivers of its decline.</div><div>This review stems from prior investigations of yew in the French Pyrenees and, more broadly, across Europe. These efforts led to a transdisciplinary seminar and opened a collaboration uniting >30 researchers across Eurasia. By synthesizing a wide array of data and perspectives, the article highlights key knowledge gaps and outlines emerging research priorities. These are organized thematically—past, present, and future—and include 25 questions on the species' ecological niche, life-history strategies, human interactions, genetic resilience, and conservation under global change. The article advocates for a shift towards integrative and long-term conservation strategies that embrace the historical legacies of yew populations, the general ecology of the species along with local ecological context dependence, and the urgency of future threats. By identifying pressing research needs, this review seeks to lay the foundation for new collaborative initiatives and to support evidence-based conservation of this emblematic yet understudied species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101092
Yan Chen , Ming Xu , Jian Zhang
Non-timber forest-based economy constitutes an important contribution to forestry development, and the adoption of various non-timber forest-based economy patterns has substantial impacts on forest ecosystems. However, the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in seedlings following understory cultivation remains unclear. Here, we investigated EMF communities associated with Pinus taeda and Quercus fabri seedlings within P. taeda plantations after understory cultivation of Phallus rubrovolvatus. We assessed the diversity and community assembly mechanisms of EMF communities associated with seedlings. A total of 52 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 18 families and 16 genera, were identified. At the phylum level, Basidiomycota dominated the EMF communities in both seedling species, accounting for 81 % in P. taeda seedlings (35 OTUs) versus 69 % in Q. fabri seedlings(26 OTUs), while Ascomycota accounting for 19 % and 31 %, respectively. The composition and structure of the EMF community of P.taeda and Q.fabri seedlings were significantly different, the number of specific OTUs (43) was higher than that of the common OTUs (9). The EMF community of P. taeda seedlings was dominated by Clavulina, Russula and Tomentella, whereas that of Q. fabri seedlings was dominated by Cenococcum, Clavulina and Tomentella. There was no significant difference in α diversity index of EMF community between the two seedlings. Additionally, β diversity decomposition showed that species replacement and nesting of the two seedling-associated EMF communities differed obviously. EMF community assembly process differed significantly between P. taeda and Q. fabri seedlings, with deterministic processes dominating in P. taeda, whereas stochastic processes dominating in Q. fabri. Canonical correspondence analysis showed Mg and BAP were important factors affecting EMF community of seedlings. Our study provides an ecological basis for the conservation and utilization of EMF diversity and the sustainable management of forests.
{"title":"Diversity and community assembly mechanism of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus taeda and Quercus fabri seedlings in P. taeda plantations after understory cultivation of Phallus rubrovolvatus","authors":"Yan Chen , Ming Xu , Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-timber forest-based economy constitutes an important contribution to forestry development, and the adoption of various non-timber forest-based economy patterns has substantial impacts on forest ecosystems. However, the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in seedlings following understory cultivation remains unclear. Here, we investigated EMF communities associated with <em>Pinus taeda</em> and <em>Quercus fabri</em> seedlings within <em>P. taeda</em> plantations after understory cultivation of <em>Phallus rubrovolvatus</em>. We assessed the diversity and community assembly mechanisms of EMF communities associated with seedlings. A total of 52 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), belonging to 18 families and 16 genera, were identified. At the phylum level, Basidiomycota dominated the EMF communities in both seedling species, accounting for 81 % in <em>P. taeda</em> seedlings (35 OTUs) versus 69 % in <em>Q. fabri</em> seedlings(26 OTUs), while Ascomycota accounting for 19 % and 31 %, respectively. The composition and structure of the EMF community of <em>P.taeda</em> and <em>Q.fabri</em> seedlings were significantly different, the number of specific OTUs (43) was higher than that of the common OTUs (9). The EMF community of <em>P. taeda</em> seedlings was dominated by <em>Clavulina, Russula</em> and <em>Tomentella</em>, whereas that of <em>Q. fabri</em> seedlings was dominated by <em>Cenococcum, Clavulina</em> and <em>Tomentella</em>. There was no significant difference in α diversity index of EMF community between the two seedlings. Additionally, β diversity decomposition showed that species replacement and nesting of the two seedling-associated EMF communities differed obviously. EMF community assembly process differed significantly between <em>P. taeda</em> and <em>Q. fabri</em> seedlings, with deterministic processes dominating in <em>P. taeda</em>, whereas stochastic processes dominating in <em>Q. fabri</em>. Canonical correspondence analysis showed Mg and BAP were important factors affecting EMF community of seedlings. Our study provides an ecological basis for the conservation and utilization of EMF diversity and the sustainable management of forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101090
Zy Harifidy Rakotoarimanana, Nobuhito Ohte
This paper provides the first systematic synthesis linking deforestation and sediment dynamics in the Betsiboka Basin, combined with scenario-based projections and policy pathways. The Betsiboka basin is known for its vast agricultural plain and high population density in Madagascar. We mapped evidence of forest loss and rising sediment loads, reviewed literature from 2010 to 2025, and compared them with Global Forest Watch data. Our review found that 132 out of 236 studies on deforestation and fire focused on protected areas, highlighting the importance of Madagascar’s biodiversity. Ankarafantsika National Park (ANP) has received more research attention (20 studies) than the entire Betsiboka basin (11 studies). Researchers relied on remote sensing data, including Landsat, Sentinel-2 images, ESA CCI, ESRI, and GRACE, due to limited ground-based data. The Betsiboka basin lost 27 % of its tree cover, while ANP experienced a 32 % loss (2001–2024). Projections to 2050 indicate continued land cover degradation, with expected declines of 44 % in forest (8795 km²), 15 % in agricultural land (2207 km²), and 33 % in wetlands (161 km²). Intensive deforestation in the Betsiboka basin resulted in high sediment yield, putting the basin's future sustainability at risk. Historical sediment yields at the river mouth were 1660 t/year/km² (1955–1961), ranging from 1300 to 19,800 year/km² (1960–1967). The sediment load is projected to increase by 46 % by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for effective land and forest management interventions. Efforts by the Malagasy government and international organizations in the Betsiboka basin and ANP remain unevaluated, posing future sustainability challenges.
{"title":"Systematic mapping of deforestation and sediment load trends from 2010 to 2025 in the Betsiboka basin, Madagascar","authors":"Zy Harifidy Rakotoarimanana, Nobuhito Ohte","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides the first systematic synthesis linking deforestation and sediment dynamics in the Betsiboka Basin, combined with scenario-based projections and policy pathways. The Betsiboka basin is known for its vast agricultural plain and high population density in Madagascar. We mapped evidence of forest loss and rising sediment loads, reviewed literature from 2010 to 2025, and compared them with Global Forest Watch data. Our review found that 132 out of 236 studies on deforestation and fire focused on protected areas, highlighting the importance of Madagascar’s biodiversity. Ankarafantsika National Park (ANP) has received more research attention (20 studies) than the entire Betsiboka basin (11 studies). Researchers relied on remote sensing data, including Landsat, Sentinel-2 images, ESA CCI, ESRI, and GRACE, due to limited ground-based data. The Betsiboka basin lost 27 % of its tree cover, while ANP experienced a 32 % loss (2001–2024). Projections to 2050 indicate continued land cover degradation, with expected declines of 44 % in forest (8795 km²), 15 % in agricultural land (2207 km²), and 33 % in wetlands (161 km²). Intensive deforestation in the Betsiboka basin resulted in high sediment yield, putting the basin's future sustainability at risk. Historical sediment yields at the river mouth were 1660 t/year/km² (1955–1961), ranging from 1300 to 19,800 year/km² (1960–1967). The sediment load is projected to increase by 46 % by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for effective land and forest management interventions. Efforts by the Malagasy government and international organizations in the Betsiboka basin and ANP remain unevaluated, posing future sustainability challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101088
Ni Kadek Erosi Undaharta , I Wayan Susi Dharmawan , Pratiwi , Chairil Anwar Siregar , Budi Hadi Narendra , Bina Swasta Sitepu , Nilam Sari , Ilham Kurnia Abywijaya , Michael Daru Enggar Wiratmoko , Rony Irawanto , Aditya Nugroho , Ulfah J. Siregar
Tropical peat-swamp forests have undergone degradation at alarming rate, that restoration is highly prioritized. While restoring much degraded tropical peat-swamp forest, biodiversity conservation, especially forest tree species is always incorporated in the program. Most restoration and conservation programs, however, rarely consider the genetic aspects of the tree species used and being conserved. Amid the limited information on species diversity, knowledge on genetic diversity and adaptation of tropical tree species used in the restoration should be useful in designing both suitable restoration and conservation programs followed by monitoring the long-term process. Studies on the adaptation of plants to certain environment have been much facilitated with the advance of the genomic approach. The genomics approach coupled with bioinformatics enables the identification of genes associated with the adaptive traits as well as the adaptation mechanisms, such as genetic diversity, characterizing population structure, gene flow, interspecific hybridization, and genomic adaptation of the tree species under marginal peat-swamp conditions. While reflecting on some drawbacks of restoration efforts, this review highlights some genomic application studies so far and discuss its possible support to biodiversity conservation and restoration program of tropical peat-swamp forest ecosystem. Despite its limitation we argue that a genomic approach is still valuable in providing information on the tree population restored and fine-tuning the restoration programs of tropical peat-swamp forests.
{"title":"Harnessing genomics for conservation and restoration of tropical peat-swamp forests: a review of tools, applications, and strategies","authors":"Ni Kadek Erosi Undaharta , I Wayan Susi Dharmawan , Pratiwi , Chairil Anwar Siregar , Budi Hadi Narendra , Bina Swasta Sitepu , Nilam Sari , Ilham Kurnia Abywijaya , Michael Daru Enggar Wiratmoko , Rony Irawanto , Aditya Nugroho , Ulfah J. Siregar","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical peat-swamp forests have undergone degradation at alarming rate, that restoration is highly prioritized. While restoring much degraded tropical peat-swamp forest, biodiversity conservation, especially forest tree species is always incorporated in the program. Most restoration and conservation programs, however, rarely consider the genetic aspects of the tree species used and being conserved. Amid the limited information on species diversity, knowledge on genetic diversity and adaptation of tropical tree species used in the restoration should be useful in designing both suitable restoration and conservation programs followed by monitoring the long-term process. Studies on the adaptation of plants to certain environment have been much facilitated with the advance of the genomic approach. The genomics approach coupled with bioinformatics enables the identification of genes associated with the adaptive traits as well as the adaptation mechanisms, such as genetic diversity, characterizing population structure, gene flow, interspecific hybridization, and genomic adaptation of the tree species under marginal peat-swamp conditions. While reflecting on some drawbacks of restoration efforts, this review highlights some genomic application studies so far and discuss its possible support to biodiversity conservation and restoration program of tropical peat-swamp forest ecosystem. Despite its limitation we argue that a genomic approach is still valuable in providing information on the tree population restored and fine-tuning the restoration programs of tropical peat-swamp forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101085
Christian Koch Duarte , Carlos Francisco del Aguila Piña , Andrés-Fernández Sandoval , Gloria Patricia Cárdenas-Rengifo , Manuel Dante Santillán Gonzales , Evelin Judith Salazar Hinostroza , Fernando Castedo-Dorado , Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez , Gianmarco Goycochea Casas , Juan Rodrigo Baselly-Villanueva
Forest volume modeling plays a fundamental role in forest inventory, biomass estimation, and the sustainable management of timber resources. In the Amazon region of Peru, native species such as Calycophyllum spruceanum and Cedrelinga cateniformis hold high ecological and commercial value, yet remain understudied in terms of volumetric estimation. This study aimed to develop and evaluate volumetric models for both species across three ecological zones—humid forest, very humid forest, and dry forest—representing the environmental diversity of the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. A total of 18 volumetric models were fitted for each species and site condition using linear regression techniques. Model performance was assessed through adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and diagnostic analyses including residual plots and relative error histograms. The results revealed that model performance varied by ecological zone, with the dry forest models showing the highest precision and lowest residual dispersion. Models M3 (Spurr), M4 (Schumacher & Hall), and M9 (Meyer) consistently achieved strong predictive accuracy. Prediction errors were higher in small-volume classes, suggesting the need for caution when applying models to young or small-diameter trees. The developed models are statistically reliable, requiring minimal input variables for the accurate estimation of the timber volume of the two species across various Amazonian environments. It is recommended to adopt zone-specific models for operational use and to continue expanding regional forest databases to improve future model calibration and validation.
{"title":"Ecological zone-based volume estimation of Calycophyllum spruceanum and Cedrelinga cateniformis in the Northeastern Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Christian Koch Duarte , Carlos Francisco del Aguila Piña , Andrés-Fernández Sandoval , Gloria Patricia Cárdenas-Rengifo , Manuel Dante Santillán Gonzales , Evelin Judith Salazar Hinostroza , Fernando Castedo-Dorado , Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez , Gianmarco Goycochea Casas , Juan Rodrigo Baselly-Villanueva","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest volume modeling plays a fundamental role in forest inventory, biomass estimation, and the sustainable management of timber resources. In the Amazon region of Peru, native species such as <em>Calycophyllum spruceanum</em> and <em>Cedrelinga cateniformis</em> hold high ecological and commercial value, yet remain understudied in terms of volumetric estimation. This study aimed to develop and evaluate volumetric models for both species across three ecological zones—humid forest, very humid forest, and dry forest—representing the environmental diversity of the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. A total of 18 volumetric models were fitted for each species and site condition using linear regression techniques. Model performance was assessed through adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and diagnostic analyses including residual plots and relative error histograms. The results revealed that model performance varied by ecological zone, with the dry forest models showing the highest precision and lowest residual dispersion. Models M3 (Spurr), M4 (Schumacher & Hall), and M9 (Meyer) consistently achieved strong predictive accuracy. Prediction errors were higher in small-volume classes, suggesting the need for caution when applying models to young or small-diameter trees. The developed models are statistically reliable, requiring minimal input variables for the accurate estimation of the timber volume of the two species across various Amazonian environments. It is recommended to adopt zone-specific models for operational use and to continue expanding regional forest databases to improve future model calibration and validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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