Trees, Forests and People最新文献_第5页

Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100777

Samuli Junttila , Tuomas Yrttimaa , Minna Blomqvist , Teemu Paljakka , Mikko Pelto-Arvo , Mikko Vastaranta

Bark beetle epidemics have increased globally due to drought and a warming climate, impairing forest ecosystem services by inducing severe forest disturbances. Bark beetle infestation monitoring is urgently needed for pre-emptive forest management. However, we have a lack of thorough understanding of the physiological responses that occur on trees after a bark beetle infestation. More specifically, we need insights into how quickly trees decline post-infestation and how the rate of tree decline relates to the bark beetle brood development. To increase understanding of trees’ physiological responses to bark beetle infestation, we monitored stem diameter variations at 15-minute intervals across 31 healthy and 26 infested mature Norway spruces affected by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in Southern Finland. We observed that the infestation led to reduced or negligible growth, followed by a sudden decline in stem diameter. Using dendrometer data, we also established a point of ceased stem expansion for trees affected by bark beetle infestation, serving as a proxy for the tree's physiological response. This allowed us to explore the duration between the infestation date and the onset of tree decline. We observed considerable temporal variation in the physiological response of trees to the bark beetle infestation. The timing of the point of ceased stem expansion ranged from 15 to 81 days after the onset of the simulated infestation date, with a mean of 46.8 days. Only 58 % of the trees showed a point of ceased stem expansion before the bark beetle brood development was completed. This suggests that trees may take longer to respond to the infestation than it takes for the bark beetle brood to develop. Considerable temporal variation in tree response to the bark beetle infestation was observed, which calls for more research to understand the temporal dynamics of the tree's response to bark beetle infestations.

{"title":"Influence of bark beetle infestation on stem diameter dynamics","authors":"Samuli Junttila , Tuomas Yrttimaa , Minna Blomqvist , Teemu Paljakka , Mikko Pelto-Arvo , Mikko Vastaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bark beetle epidemics have increased globally due to drought and a warming climate, impairing forest ecosystem services by inducing severe forest disturbances. Bark beetle infestation monitoring is urgently needed for pre-emptive forest management. However, we have a lack of thorough understanding of the physiological responses that occur on trees after a bark beetle infestation. More specifically, we need insights into how quickly trees decline post-infestation and how the rate of tree decline relates to the bark beetle brood development. To increase understanding of trees’ physiological responses to bark beetle infestation, we monitored stem diameter variations at 15-minute intervals across 31 healthy and 26 infested mature Norway spruces affected by the European spruce bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em> L.) in Southern Finland. We observed that the infestation led to reduced or negligible growth, followed by a sudden decline in stem diameter. Using dendrometer data, we also established a point of ceased stem expansion for trees affected by bark beetle infestation, serving as a proxy for the tree's physiological response. This allowed us to explore the duration between the infestation date and the onset of tree decline. We observed considerable temporal variation in the physiological response of trees to the bark beetle infestation. The timing of the point of ceased stem expansion ranged from 15 to 81 days after the onset of the simulated infestation date, with a mean of 46.8 days. Only 58 % of the trees showed a point of ceased stem expansion before the bark beetle brood development was completed. This suggests that trees may take longer to respond to the infestation than it takes for the bark beetle brood to develop. Considerable temporal variation in tree response to the bark beetle infestation was observed, which calls for more research to understand the temporal dynamics of the tree's response to bark beetle infestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing wildfire susceptibility in Iran: Leveraging machine learning for geospatial analysis of climatic and anthropogenic factors

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100774

Ehsan Masoudian , Ali Mirzaei , Hossein Bagheri

This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing wildfire risk in Iran, focusing on the interplay between climatic conditions and human activities. Utilizing advanced remote sensing, geospatial information system (GIS) processing techniques such as cloud computing, and machine learning algorithms, this research analyzed the impact of climatic parameters, topographic features, and human-related factors on wildfire susceptibility assessment and prediction in Iran. Multiple scenarios were developed for this purpose based on the data sampling strategy. The findings revealed that climatic elements such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity significantly contribute to wildfire susceptibility, while human activities—particularly population density and proximity to powerlines—also played a crucial role. Furthermore, the seasonal impact of each parameter was separately assessed during warm and cold seasons. The results indicated that human-related factors, rather than climatic variables, had a more prominent influence during the seasonal analyses. This research provided new insights into wildfire dynamics in Iran by generating high-resolution wildfire susceptibility maps using advanced machine learning classifiers. The generated maps identified high-risk areas, particularly in the central Zagros region, the northeastern Hyrcanian Forest, and the northern Arasbaran forest, highlighting the urgent need for effective fire management strategies.

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引用次数: 0

Inventory of wood specific gravity for Indian forests

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100775

Pranab Kumar Pati, Priya Kaushik, Mohammed Latif Khan, Pramod Kumar Khare

Wood specific gravity (WSG) is one of the most important functional traits of plants that helps in minimizing the variability of biomass estimates generated due to the inter-specific and intra-specific variations. Assemblage of an integrated inventory of WSG for various species from different forest groups, vegetation types is expected to provide crucial insights in the problems related to biomass estimation and serve as a standard reference for ecological research particularly on carbon dynamics and functional diversity studies by providing vegetational specific WSG values for a number of species at one place. Survey of literature for WSG in Indian forest communities showed that WSG values of 879 individuals belonging to 351 species, 221 genus and 77 families are available for eleven forest groups of India. Result showed that species present in a particular forest group and climatic condition showed a different value for WSG than the similar species present in other forest types and climatic conditions. It also showed that Eugenia utilis has the highest WSG (0.98) for Indian forests and it was lowest for Dalbergia sissoo (0.05). Further, we observed that in case of mature individuals, WSG value of maximum number of species was found between 0.61 to 0.80 whereas, for juvenile individuals, it was maximum between 0.41 to 0.60 indicating the role of tree diameter in WSG. In addition, we observed that tropical dry deciduous forest had the widest range of distribution for WSG. Moreover, the WSG value of species in hilly terrains showed variation with similar species present in tropical and subtropical areas. The present dataset also showed that highest WSG value was found for species present in tropical wet evergreen forest while lowest was found for tropical dry deciduous forest indicating the effect of precipitation in increasing WSG. The present dataset would of great importance for future studies particularly focusing on biomass estimation and functional trait by providing WSG values for a large number of species.

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引用次数: 0

Validated allometric models for volume, biomass, carbon, and nutrient estimation in forest ecosystems of Bangladesh: A step toward sustainable forest management and climate resilience

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100772

Mahmood Hossain

Accurate volume and biomass estimation of tree resources of forest ecosystems are essential for sustainable forest management, carbon stock assessments, and climate change mitigation. This study aimed to develop a complete database of the available volume, biomass, and carbon allometric equations for the different plant life forms of Bangladesh. It also wanted to generate a validated database of allometric equations. This study used a systematic literature review process to ensure comprehensive, accurate, and relevant data collection. This study presents a comprehensive unvalidated database of 1,015 allometric volume and biomass models developed for trees, shrubs, palms, and bamboo across diverse forest types (natural, plantations, and trees outside forests). All these available equations were validated through a four-step quality control process. Finally, 349 allometric equations passed the validation processes. A total of 325 species-specific validated equations were recorded for 62 species, and 24 equations for group and stand level. Trees are the primary contributors followed by shrubs, while palms and bamboo have no representation in the validated equations. The findings highlight the critical need for species- and site-specific models, as reliance on pantropical models may introduce inaccuracies. This validated database supports accurate biomass and carbon stock estimations, strengthens national climate reporting frameworks such as REDD+, and enhances Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems. The study highlights the importance of ongoing research and integrating emerging technologies to refine and expand allometric models for better forest management and climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.

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引用次数: 0

Plant functional traits related to aboveground tree biomass in cloud forests of southeastern Mexico

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100767

Noé Velázquez-Rosas , Elizabeth Fuentes Romero , Betsabé Ruiz-Guerra , Hugo López Rosas , Norma Eugenia García Calderón

Cloud forests are one of the most important ecosystems on a global scale, due to their biodiversity and the services they provide to human populations. Understanding the causal factors determining the structural variation and functioning of cloud forests continues to be one of the most relevant research challenges in these forests. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of functional responses (foliar and wood density) with aboveground tree biomass in cloud forest communities, with the purpose of identifying the causal factors determining the structural variation of these communities along an altitudinal gradient. Tree biomass varied between 124.02 and 487.93 Mg ha^-1; however, it did not exhibit a gradual change associated with altitude. Foliar N content, C:N ratio, and wood density were associated with tree biomass production, suggesting that N nutrient stress may explain the inconsistent patterns of biomass production. The spatial variation of nutrient stress in these communities may be caused by topographic variation, which determines differential nutrient leaching processes, as well as the composition of plant communities and foliar nutritional quality.

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引用次数: 0

“Odum will take forever to grow”: The political ecology of agroforestry in Ghana

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100771

John Narh , Stefanie Wehner, Christine B. Schmitt

Reforestation through agroforestry is a common practice in the tropics but the political structures and processes as well as the ecological factors that define their outcomes need more attention. We employed mixed methods with insights from political ecology to enhance the understanding of agroforestry under the modified taungya system (MTS) in Ghana. The study reveals that the MTS is defined by governmentality and discursive power informed by the broader political economy. Specifically, economic and ecological factors intersect with environmental politics to inform the choice of tree species being used for the agroforestry. Additionally, the power dynamics across scale create differentiated access to degraded forest reserves and push less powerful people to the background. More so, power struggles, inhibiting structures, and politics of the sharing of tree revenue within the system contribute to some farmers devising illegal means to have, and maintain access, to degraded forest reserves which are creating negative consequences to the agroforestry initiative. We recommend that the Forestry Commission should (re)sensitise all forest-fringe communities, provide opportunities for a meaningful participation of all stakeholders of the MTS and sign the agreement on the sharing of tree revenue with participating farmers. It is also important that more women are targeted and assigned degraded forest reserves directly, as they are more compliant with the required practices of the MTS.

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引用次数: 0

An assessment of Kenya's forest policy and law on participatory forest management for sustainable forest management: Insights from Mt. Kenya Forest Reserve

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100770

Colbert M. Jackson , Olufemi S. Durowoju , Samuel A. Adelabu , Sunday A. Adeniyi

The management of state forests is increasingly adopting participatory forest management (PFM), a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders. PFM aims to enhance transparency in forest governance by involving local communities in decision-making and processes. The Forest Act of 2005 formalized PFM in Kenya, granting community forest associations (CFAs) the right to collaborate with the Kenya Forest Service (KFS). This framework empowers CFAs with both responsibilities and rights related to forest management and benefit sharing. This study evaluated the effectiveness of PFM in Kenya by analyzing the forest policy, legislative framework, and institutional mechanisms that support the transition to sustainable forest management (SFM). It also aimed to identify and address key challenges in forest law enforcement and governance. The study focused on three key questions: (i) How has Forest Act of 2005 and subsequent policies influenced PFM? (ii) How effective are CFAs in managing forests? (iii) What challenges in Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) hinder PFM, and what strategies can address these issues? A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative data for cross-validation. The methodology included a comprehensive literature review, alongside data from key informant interviews (KIIs), household surveys, and participant observation. The analysis revealed gaps in forest governance, including conflicting legislation, weak enforcement, insufficient KFS funding, limited CFA involvement in decision-making, and ambiguous CFA roles. Other challenges included illegal logging, inadequate judicial understanding of forestry law, insufficient PFM benefits for the local communities, and the need for more inclusive practices to improve forest conservation and management.

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引用次数: 0

Degradation of mangrove forests in the Sundarbans: An assessment based on perspectives of mangrove resource collectors using the DPSIR framework

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100769

Khandkar- Siddikur Rahman , Nabila Hasan Dana , Mohammad Mizanur Rahman , Himaddri Shekher Mondal , Luzhen Chen , Md Nazrul Islam

Mangrove forests provide vital ecosystem services to communities in tropical countries, yet they are susceptible to degradation. The causes and effects of mangrove forest degradation in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore these issues from the perspective of mangrove resource collectors (MRCs). Utilizing the DPSIR (Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response) framework, data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with MRCs. The findings revealed that the drivers of mangrove degradation included reduced freshwater supply, increased demand for mangrove resources, climate change, and tourism. These drivers created pressures on the mangrove forests, manifesting through natural disasters, rising salinity levels, the establishment of the Farakka barrage, forest fires, coastal development, overexploitation, and pollution. Consequently, the forests experienced alterations in cover, a decline in mature trees, reduced stem density, and changes in species composition. The impacts of this degradation included biodiversity loss, diminished ecosystem services, and adverse effects on the livelihoods of communities dependent on mangroves. MRCs highlighted the necessity for support in generating alternative incomes, restoring freshwater supply, addressing the Farakka barrage issue collaboratively, enhancing forest management practices, and promoting mangrove afforestation and reforestation. These findings carry significant implications for policy reform, research, sustainable management, and conservation efforts for mangrove forests. They also underscore the need for developing alternative livelihood programs for communities living around the Sundarbans and other tropical regions facing similar challenges.

{"title":"Degradation of mangrove forests in the Sundarbans: An assessment based on perspectives of mangrove resource collectors using the DPSIR framework","authors":"Khandkar- Siddikur Rahman , Nabila Hasan Dana , Mohammad Mizanur Rahman , Himaddri Shekher Mondal , Luzhen Chen , Md Nazrul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests provide vital ecosystem services to communities in tropical countries, yet they are susceptible to degradation. The causes and effects of mangrove forest degradation in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore these issues from the perspective of mangrove resource collectors (MRCs). Utilizing the DPSIR (Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response) framework, data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with MRCs. The findings revealed that the drivers of mangrove degradation included reduced freshwater supply, increased demand for mangrove resources, climate change, and tourism. These drivers created pressures on the mangrove forests, manifesting through natural disasters, rising salinity levels, the establishment of the Farakka barrage, forest fires, coastal development, overexploitation, and pollution. Consequently, the forests experienced alterations in cover, a decline in mature trees, reduced stem density, and changes in species composition. The impacts of this degradation included biodiversity loss, diminished ecosystem services, and adverse effects on the livelihoods of communities dependent on mangroves. MRCs highlighted the necessity for support in generating alternative incomes, restoring freshwater supply, addressing the Farakka barrage issue collaboratively, enhancing forest management practices, and promoting mangrove afforestation and reforestation. These findings carry significant implications for policy reform, research, sustainable management, and conservation efforts for mangrove forests. They also underscore the need for developing alternative livelihood programs for communities living around the Sundarbans and other tropical regions facing similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying winter forage resources for reindeer: Developing a method to estimate ground lichen cover and biomass at a local scale

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100768

Erik Cronvall , Sven Adler , Per Sandström , Anna Skarin

Boreal forests serve as the primary winter range for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Sweden, where ground lichens constitute the main food source. Lichen-rich forests have declined drastically, and modern forest practices, along with other land uses, impact both the quantity and availability of lichen. The resulting reduction in lichen has serious consequences for reindeer and Sami reindeer husbandry. Consequently, robust methods for mapping and measuring lichen are highly sought after.

We developed and implemented a multistep method for objectively estimating lichen cover and biomass. We collected data at three study sites in lichen-rich pine forests in northern Sweden during July–August 2021. First, we collected data on NDVI and tree cover using a drone. These data informed a spatially balanced sampling approach to provide a distribution of plots for a representative field sample. Following this, we collected field data on lichen cover and height in these plots. In addition, we compared methods for assessing lichen cover in the field and found that visual estimates resulted in lower values than a point-intercept method. We recommend the point-intercept method for its objectivity and consistency between observers. By combining data from a literature review and fitting a linear regression on lichen volume (dm³ m⁻²) and biomass (kg dry weight m⁻²) through the origin, we determined a slope of 0.0148 for estimating biomass from volume measures. Using this relationship with field data on lichen cover and height, we obtained statistically unbiased estimates of lichen cover and biomass. This approach reduces the time required compared to destructive methods involving lichen collection and weighing.

While our method provides lichen cover and biomass estimates, we also demonstrate how these biomass estimates can be linked to the number of reindeer grazing days an area can sustain each year, enhancing the usefulness of the results. Our estimates will be valuable in planning and management of reindeer husbandry, as well as for quantifying the loss of the ground lichen resource in forestry, energy and mining industries.

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of height and aerial biomass in Eucalyptus globulus plantations using UAV-LiDAR

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100763

Lucia Enriquez Pinedo , Kevin Ortega Quispe , Dennis Ccopi Trucios , Julio Urquizo Barrera , Claudia Rios Chavarría , Samuel Pizarro Carcausto , Diana Matos Calderon , Solanch Patricio Rosales , Mauro Rodríguez Cerrón , Zoila Ore Aquino , Michel Paz Monge , Italo Castañeda Tinco

The lack of precise methods for estimating forest biomass results in both economic losses and incorrect decisions in the management of forest plantations. In response to this issue, this study evaluated the effectiveness of using the DJI Zenmuse L1 LiDAR, mounted on a DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV, to provide three-dimensional measurements of canopy structure and estimate the aboveground biomass of Eucalyptus globulus. Various LiDAR metrics were employed alongside field measurements to calibrate predictive models using multiple regression and machine learning algorithms. The results at the individual tree level show that RF is the most accurate model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.76 in the training set and 0.66 in the test set, outperforming Elastic Net (R² of 0.58 and 0.57, respectively). At the plot level, a multiple regression model achieved an R² of 0.647, highlighting LiDAR-derived metrics as key predictors. The findings revealed that the combination of LiDAR with advanced statistical techniques, such as multiple regression and Random Forest, significantly improves the accuracy of biomass estimation, surpassing traditional methods based on allometric equations. Therefore, the use of LiDAR in conjunction with machine learning represents an effective alternative for biomasss estimation, with great potential in such plantations and contribute to more sustainable exploitation of timber resources.

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引用次数: 0