Trees, Forests and People最新文献_第7页

Carbon storage in floodplains and riparian forests: Effects of damming and historical land use changes 洪泛平原和河岸森林的碳储量：筑坝和历史土地利用变化的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101184

S.F. Santos , M.R. Fernandes , A.C. Correia , M.J. Martins , R. Rivaes , G. Duarte , M.T. Ferreira , R. de Paula , F.C. Aguiar

Riparian forests and floodplains are fundamental carbon (C) sinks to mitigate climate change, particularly in water-stressed regions like Southwestern Europe. These areas have undergone major changes in land use and land cover (LULC), as well as alterations in streamflow by dam hydrological regulation, with consequences for regional and local C stocks. We assessed temporal and spatial patterns of C stock change in two regulated riverine floodplains in Portugal subject to contrasting hydrological alteration (moderate vs high). Floodplain C stocks were estimated by combining LULC mapping from pre-dam (1965) and post-dam (2013) airborne imagery with riparian field surveys and literature search.

Total C stock across the study area increased from 4.64 to 9.30 ktC due to hydrological alteration, agricultural land abandonment and the expansion of riparian and managed forests. Riparian forests exhibited the highest C values (163.0 tC/ha), accounting for c. 50 % of the total estimated carbon. Carbon gains were larger in the floodplain with high hydrological alteration, consistent with the riparian tree encroachment into the former active channel; however, floodplain differences were also shaped by contrasting LULC trajectories and should be interpreted as case-study evidence.

These results highlight the strong sensitivity of riparian forests and floodplains to interacting hydrological and landscape changes over the past five decades. From a management perspective, increasing C stocks represents an opportunity for climate-change mitigation, but it may also involve ecological trade-offs; therefore, it should be pursued alongside native biodiversity conservation to maintain ecosystem functioning.

河岸森林和洪泛平原是缓解气候变化的基本碳(C)汇，特别是在西南欧洲等缺水地区。这些地区在土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）方面发生了重大变化，大坝水文调节也改变了河流流量，对区域和当地的碳储量产生了影响。我们评估了葡萄牙两个受管制的河流洪泛平原在不同水文变化（中度和高度）下碳储量变化的时空格局。通过结合大坝建成前（1965年）和大坝建成后（2013年）的航空图像、河岸实地调查和文献检索，估算了漫滩C储量。由于水文变化、农用地撂荒、河岸林和人工林的扩张，研究区总碳储量从4.64 ktC增加到9.30 ktC。河岸林碳值最高（163.0 tC/ha），占估算碳总量的50%。在水文变化程度高的洪泛区，碳收益较大，这与河岸树木对原活动河道的侵蚀一致；然而，冲积平原的差异也由不同的LULC轨迹形成，并应被解释为案例研究证据。这些结果突出了过去50年来河岸森林和洪泛平原对相互作用的水文和景观变化的强烈敏感性。从管理角度看，增加碳储量是减缓气候变化的一个机会，但也可能涉及生态权衡；因此，它应该与本地生物多样性保护一起进行，以维持生态系统的功能。

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引用次数: 0

Forest governance implementation challenges in protected areas of Southeast Bangladesh 孟加拉国东南部保护区森林治理实施的挑战

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101168

Bipul Krishna Das , Mohammad Firoj Jaman , Mohammed Jashimuddin , Aklima Nargis , Md. Sharifuzzaman , Md.Mehedi Hasan Khan , Pradip Kumar Sarker

Protected areas are central to global biodiversity conservation strategies, yet their effectiveness is often shaped more by governance conditions than by ecological design. This study examines governance dynamics in Inani National Park (INP), a newly gazetted protected area in southeastern Bangladesh. Drawing on 43 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from government agencies, law enforcement authorities, local administrations, community-based organisations—including local elites and resource users—and national and international non-governmental organisations, we assess perceived management challenges, coordination gaps, and pathways for improvement. Findings indicate that inadequate logistical support and staffing capacity within the Bangladesh Forest Department represent the most critical constraints (54.6%), followed by broader governance inefficiencies (27.3%) and weak inter-agency coordination (18.2%). Stakeholder recommendations focused on strengthening institutional capacity (63.6%), enhancing law enforcement effectiveness (29.6%), and expanding alternative livelihood opportunities to reduce pressure on forest resources (22.7%). Lessons derived from stakeholder experience underscore the importance of co-management arrangements, meaningful community participation, and local government engagement, alongside recognition of biodiversity conservation as a shared global responsibility. By situating these findings within international debates on the conservation “implementation gap,” this study demonstrates how institutional capacity, participatory governance mechanisms, and cross-sectoral collaboration interact to shape conservation outcomes in newly designated protected areas. The INP case advances global scholarship on protected area governance and offers practical insights for aligning national conservation commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sustainable Development Goals with site-level realities in the Global South.

保护区是全球生物多样性保护战略的核心，但它们的有效性往往更多地取决于治理条件，而不是生态设计。本研究考察了伊纳尼国家公园（INP）的治理动态，这是孟加拉国东南部一个新公布的保护区。我们对来自政府机构、执法部门、地方行政部门、社区组织（包括当地精英和资源使用者）以及国家和国际非政府组织的利益相关者进行了43次半结构化访谈，评估了感知到的管理挑战、协调差距和改进途径。调查结果表明，孟加拉国森林部内部后勤支持和人员配备能力不足是最关键的制约因素（54.6%），其次是更广泛的治理效率低下（27.3%）和机构间协调薄弱（18.2%）。利益攸关方的建议侧重于加强机构能力（63.6%）、提高执法效力（29.6%）和扩大替代生计机会以减少森林资源压力（22.7%）。利益相关者的经验教训强调了共同管理安排、有意义的社区参与和地方政府参与的重要性，同时认识到保护生物多样性是一项共同的全球责任。通过将这些发现置于关于保护“实施差距”的国际辩论中，本研究展示了机构能力、参与式治理机制和跨部门合作如何相互作用，从而在新指定的保护区形成保护成果。国家保护区案例推动了关于保护区治理的全球学术研究，并为将《生物多样性公约》和可持续发展目标下的国家保护承诺与南方国家的现场现实相结合提供了实际见解。

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引用次数: 0

Forecasting effects of traditional cooking energy consumption on deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa 预测撒哈拉以南非洲地区传统烹饪能源消耗对森林砍伐和二氧化碳排放的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101225

Jires Tunguhole , Götz Uckert , Girma Gezimu Gebre , Marcel Robischon , Stefan Sieber

This study examines the short-run and long-run effects of traditional biomass energy use, specifically firewood and charcoal consumption, on deforestation and CO₂ emissions, conditioned on GDP per capita, quadratic GDP per capita, population growth and foreign direct investment, in seven Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2023, using Vector Error Correction Model. The study further used control function approach to correct for potential simultaneity and endogeneity when estimating short-run dynamic relationships. Moreover, to ensure efficient and unbiased long-run estimates, the study used Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares estimator to address endogeneity and serial correlation, while the Augmented Mean Group estimator was used to account for heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and structural breaks. The cross-sectional dependency and panel unit root tests reveal that the series are integrated of order one; thus, panel cointegration analysis is appropriate. The results show that firewood and charcoal consumption are associated with deforestation and CO₂ emissions in the short- and long-run. While firewood is more associated with forest cover loss, charcoal is more associated with CO₂ emissions. Deforestation and CO₂ emissions are interlinked, with each contributing to further forest degradation and climate change. The relationship of deforestation with GDP per capita and quadratic GDP per capita is consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, with the turning point approximately to US$3077. Population growth is associated with deforestation while foreign direct investment is positively associated with CO₂ emissions. For the period 2024–2028, on a 5-year basis, the projection under 95 % confidence intervals uncertainty shows further increase in biomass use; hence deforestation and CO2 emissions will continue to rise unless drastic policy interventions are made. The results recommend an integrated approach to adoption of clean cooking energy and sustainable environmental management.

本研究使用向量误差修正模型，考察了1990年至2023年七个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的人均GDP、二次人均GDP、人口增长和外国直接投资的条件下，传统生物质能使用（特别是木柴和木炭消费）对森林砍伐和二氧化碳排放的短期和长期影响。在对短期动态关系进行估计时，采用控制函数法对潜在的同时性和内生性进行校正。此外，为了确保有效和无偏的长期估计，该研究使用了完全修正的普通最小二乘估计器来解决内质性和序列相关性，而使用增广平均群估计器来解释异质性、横截面依赖性和结构断裂。截面相关检验和面板单位根检验表明，序列是1阶积分；因此，面板协整分析是合适的。结果表明，从短期和长期来看，木柴和木炭的消耗与森林砍伐和二氧化碳排放有关。虽然木柴与森林覆盖损失的关系更大，但木炭与二氧化碳排放的关系更大。森林砍伐和二氧化碳排放是相互关联的，两者都加剧了森林退化和气候变化。森林砍伐与人均GDP和二次人均GDP的关系符合环境库兹涅茨曲线假设，拐点约为3077美元。人口增长与森林砍伐有关，而外国直接投资与二氧化碳排放呈正相关。在2024-2028年的5年基础上，95%置信区间不确定性下的预测显示，生物质利用将进一步增加；因此，除非采取严厉的政策干预，否则森林砍伐和二氧化碳排放量将继续上升。研究结果建议采用综合方法采用清洁烹饪能源和可持续环境管理。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating non-timber forest product dependence of peri-urban households in a payment for ecosystem service scheme in durban, South Africa 评价南非德班生态系统服务付费方案中城郊家庭对非木材林产品的依赖

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101128

Karabo Donald Munonde , Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important for livelihoods. NTFP dependence can lead to deforestation and exacerbate land degradation. Therefore, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, such as the Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation project, initiated as part of landfil restoration and climate change mitigation, become important tools for encouraging communities to adopt land-use practices that improve forest ecosystem services while safeguarding their livelihoods. Most studies have focused on NTFP dependence in a rural context, while few have examined the peri‑urban setting in South Africa. Even fewer studies have captured NTFP dependence through actual household subsistence behaviour with NTFPs, rather than using income data, particularly how psychological and social capital constructs and worldviews shape NTFP dependence. Hence, this study investigates how socio-economic, cultural worldviews, and psychological and social capital affect NTFP dependence of peri‑urban households in Durban, South Africa. Regression estimates indicate that NTFP dependence increases with the presence of more adults, a better agricultural endowment, access to electricity, and strong social networks. Meanwhile, well-endowed, fatalistic, and egalitarian households are less dependent on NTFPs. Larger households need to be supported in diversifying their livelihoods by starting home food gardens, cultivating economically viable NTFP crop species that can be linked to markets. It is recommended that technical skills training be offered to reduce livelihood dependence on NTFPs. Future studies can assess NTFP dependence by comparing rural and peri‑urban areas to understand how rapid urbanisation shapes it.

非木材林产品对生计至关重要。对非森林保护植物的依赖可能导致森林砍伐并加剧土地退化。因此，生态系统服务付费（PES）计划，如作为垃圾填埋场恢复和减缓气候变化的一部分而启动的Buffelsdraai垃圾填埋场社区再造林项目，成为鼓励社区采用土地利用做法的重要工具，这些做法既能改善森林生态系统服务，又能保障其生计。大多数研究都集中在农村环境下对非森林食物的依赖，而很少研究南非的城市周边环境。甚至更少的研究是通过实际的家庭生存行为来捕获非NTFP依赖，而不是使用收入数据，特别是心理和社会资本构建以及世界观如何塑造非NTFP依赖。因此，本研究调查了社会经济、文化世界观、心理和社会资本如何影响南非德班城郊家庭对非NTFP的依赖。回归估计表明，随着成年人数量的增加、农业禀赋的改善、电力的获取和强大的社会网络，对非森林食物的依赖会增加。与此同时，禀赋良好、宿命论和平等主义的家庭对非森林保护计划的依赖程度较低。需要通过开办家庭菜园，培育经济上可行的非热带植物保护作物品种，并将其与市场联系起来，支持大户家庭实现生计多样化。建议提供技术技能培训，以减少生计对非森林覆盖食品的依赖。未来的研究可以通过比较农村和城郊地区来评估对非森林食物的依赖，以了解快速城市化如何影响非森林食物的依赖。

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引用次数: 0

“Paying not to work?” examining the validity of forest sector narratives on COVID-19 pandemic relief and labor impacts “付钱不工作？”，考察森林部门关于COVID-19大流行救济和劳动力影响的叙述的有效性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101144

Manuja Jayasundara , Puneet Dwivedi , Joseph L. Conrad IV , Jesse B. Abrams

The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in labor markets across the United States. This study examines forest-sector stakeholders’ narratives around pandemic assistance programs and their perceived labor impacts, drawing on 35 semi-structured interviews with mill representatives, loggers, landowners, and foresters in Georgia, a major forestry state located in the southern United States. We identified narratives around stimulus payments, expanded unemployment insurance, and the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and assessed validity of those narratives using available evidence. We also explored how broader cultural beliefs and public rhetoric shaped these narratives using a narrative based theoretical lens.

A recurring narrative was that government assistance to individuals, particularly stimulus payments and expanded unemployment insurance, reduced labor availability and led to wage increases. We found mixed evidence for this claim, along with a more complex picture indicating that pandemic assistance also stimulated business activity and consumer demand, which in turn contributed to tighter labor markets and rising wages. Another common theme focused on the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). While some participants viewed PPP as essential for business survival, others criticized it as fiscally irresponsible and poorly targeted, especially within a sector that largely remained operational during the pandemic. Evidence suggests both interpretations have merit, as PPP supported employment but incurred high costs and lacked precise targeting.

These narratives were shaped by broader cultural factors, including trust in government, views on public spending, as well as public rhetoric during the pandemic. As policy perceptions are shaped by cultural narratives as much as by empirical evidence, future policies should account for influence of such narratives.

COVID-19大流行对美国各地的劳动力市场造成了重大破坏。本研究通过对位于美国南部主要林业州佐治亚州的工厂代表、伐木者、土地所有者和林农的35次半结构化访谈，考察了林业部门利益相关者对流行病援助计划及其感知到的劳动力影响的叙述。我们确定了有关刺激支出、扩大失业保险和工资保护计划（PPP）的说法，并利用现有证据评估了这些说法的有效性。我们还探讨了更广泛的文化信仰和公共修辞如何使用基于叙事的理论镜头塑造这些叙事。一个反复出现的说法是，政府对个人的援助，特别是刺激支出和扩大的失业保险，减少了劳动力供应，导致工资上涨。我们发现了支持这一说法的混合证据，同时还有一种更复杂的情况表明，大流行援助也刺激了商业活动和消费者需求，这反过来又导致了劳动力市场趋紧和工资上涨。另一个共同的主题是工资保障计划。一些与会者认为公私伙伴关系对企业生存至关重要，而另一些与会者则批评公私伙伴关系在财政上不负责任，目标不明确，特别是在大流行期间基本保持运营的部门。有证据表明，这两种解释都有其可取之处，因为购买力平价支持了就业，但成本高且缺乏精确的目标。这些叙述受到更广泛的文化因素的影响，包括对政府的信任、对公共支出的看法以及大流行期间的公开言论。由于政策观念不仅受到经验证据的影响，也受到文化叙事的影响，因此未来的政策应考虑到这种叙事的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Improving LAI retrieval in complex mountains with implicit mutual terrain irradiance 利用隐式相互地形辐照度改进复杂山地LAI反演

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101151

Chenghao Liu , Guyue Hu , Shaoda Li , Ronghao Yang , Junxiang Tan , Xiao Wang , Siqi Li , Jinhu Bian , Guangbin Lei

Leaf area index (LAI), a key indicator of vegetation canopy structure, is vital to regional ecological assessment and environmental monitoring. However, rugged terrain can induce the radiation distortion recorded by senses, thus resulting in substantial uncertainties in LAI retrievals. Existing canopy reflectance models often ignore the mutual terrain irradiance within soil-canopy layers, thereby limiting the completeness of the physical mechanism. In this study, an LAI retrieval method with physical completeness was proposed tailored for mountainous regions. Radiation interactions within diverse forest scenes were simulated using a discrete anisotropic radiative transfer model to account for the mutual terrain irradiance. Machine learning algorithms were integrated to enhance computational efficiency. The proposed method was validated through typical retrieval algorithms, analyses of topography and canopy effects, and comparisons of LAI retrievals with field observations. The results suggested that the proposed LAI retrieval method, which use the random forest algorithm, performed optimally under various terrain conditions (R² = 0.99, RMSE= 0.15, MAE = 0.13). Moreover, the proposed method significantly outperformed models that neglect mutual terrain irradiance (by 0.29, 0.17, and 0.10 in terms of R², RMSE, and MAE, respectively). The method also exhibited strong robustness across varying terrains and canopy structural conditions, accurately capturing the terrain-induced variations in LAI distribution (R² = 0.88, RMSE = 0.33, MAE = 0.28) in a real mountainous region. Therefore, considering that the mutual terrain irradiance is crucial in surface radiative transfer modelling, the proposed LAI retrieval method can provide a reliable tool for biophysical parameter extraction over rugged terrains.

叶面积指数（LAI）是反映植被冠层结构的重要指标，在区域生态评价和环境监测中具有重要意义。然而，崎岖的地形会引起感官记录的辐射畸变，从而导致LAI反演存在很大的不确定性。现有的冠层反射率模型往往忽略了土壤-冠层内部的相互地形辐照度，从而限制了物理机制的完整性。本研究提出了一种适合山区的具有物理完备性的LAI检索方法。利用离散各向异性辐射传输模型模拟了不同森林场景的辐射相互作用，以考虑相互的地形辐照度。结合机器学习算法，提高计算效率。通过典型检索算法、地形和冠层效应分析以及LAI检索结果与野外观测结果的比较，验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，采用随机森林算法的LAI检索方法在不同地形条件下的检索效果最优（R2 = 0.99， RMSE= 0.15, MAE = 0.13）。此外，该方法显著优于忽略相互地形辐照度的模型（R2、RMSE和MAE分别高出0.29、0.17和0.10）。该方法在不同地形和冠层结构条件下均表现出较强的鲁棒性，能够准确捕获山地地形引起的LAI分布变化（R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.33, MAE = 0.28）。因此，考虑到地形相互辐照度在地表辐射传输建模中至关重要，本文提出的LAI检索方法可以为崎岖地形的生物物理参数提取提供可靠的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling soil organic carbon in the Brazilian amazon with geostatistical and machine learning techniques 用地质统计学和机器学习技术模拟巴西亚马逊地区的土壤有机碳

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101150

Gizachew Ayalew Tiruneh , Ciro Abbud Righi , Jefferson Lordello Polizel , Vinicius Gonçalves , Carlos Rodrigues Pereira

Reliable estimation of soil carbon storage is essential to quantify human effects on the terrestrial carbon cycle. In this work, we analyzed soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stocks in the Brazilian Amazon at two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) using 486 georeferenced samples that were evaluated for texture, pH, SOC, and bulk density. In this study, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Multiple Linear Regression, and Artificial Neural Network) were applied and validated through 10-fold cross-validation. Random Forest had the highest accuracy for SOC content (R² = 0.96), and IDW was the best method for SOC stock (R² = 0.88). Predicted SOC content and stock also followed the trend forest > pasture > cropland, and varied from 2.71–4.52 % (103.89–261.95 Mg C ha−¹) in forest soils to 2.03–2.14% (80.05–86.06 Mg C ha⁻¹) on croplands. Clay content, temperature, and land use were the major factors influencing SOC variation. It also indicates the possibility of combining IDW and machine learning approaches to bridge data gaps to guide climate-resilient land management and improvement of SOC, not only in the Amazon but across other tropical and subtropical areas where soil data is sparse. By delivering scalable and transferable modeling systems, this work enables a wider scope for impact in global carbon accounting, sustainable agriculture, and land-use planning for climate mitigation.

土壤碳储量的可靠估算对于量化人类对陆地碳循环的影响至关重要。在这项工作中，我们分析了巴西亚马逊地区两个深度（0-30 cm和30-60 cm）的土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和储量，使用486个地理参考样品进行了质地、pH、SOC和容重评估。在本研究中，应用了逆距离加权（IDW）和机器学习算法（随机森林、支持向量机、多元线性回归和人工神经网络），并通过10倍交叉验证进行了验证。随机森林法测定土壤有机碳含量的准确度最高（R²= 0.96），IDW法测定土壤有机碳储量的准确度最高（R²= 0.88）。预测土壤有机碳含量和储量也与森林、牧场、农田土壤有机碳含量变化趋势一致，森林土壤有机碳含量为2.71 ~ 4.52% (103.89 ~ 261.95 Mg C ha−1)，农田土壤有机碳含量为2.03 ~ 2.14% （80.05 ~ 86.06 Mg C ha−1）。粘土含量、温度和土地利用是影响土壤有机碳变化的主要因素。它还表明，将IDW和机器学习方法相结合，不仅可以在亚马逊地区，还可以在土壤数据稀少的其他热带和亚热带地区，弥合数据差距，指导气候适应型土地管理和改善土壤有机碳。通过提供可扩展和可转移的建模系统，这项工作能够在全球碳核算、可持续农业和缓解气候变化的土地利用规划方面产生更广泛的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal natural pruning and branch growth dynamics in young Betula alnoides: Effects of planting density and crown layer 白桦幼树季节自然修剪和枝生长动态：种植密度和冠层的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101157

Chunsheng Wang , Sebastian Hein , Kaili Liu , Junjie Guo , Huan Wang , Jie Zeng

Branch development is critical for tree growth and timber quality, and has received considerable research attention in recent decades. Although competition strongly influences branch morphology, the seasonal dynamic response of branch development to planting density across different crown layers remains poorly understood. To address this, a two-year field study was conducted since April 2017 in a five-year-old spacing trial plantation of Betula alnoides in southern China, with planting densities ranging from 625 to 2500 stems per hectare (sph). Over the study period, the size and status of 1885 branches distributed across various crown layers (from 1-2 m to 5-6 m in height) were periodically monitored in situ on 54 dominant or co-dominant trees. Apical branch emergence was also recorded during each measurement. The rate of natural pruning in B. alnoides was positively correlated with planting density, with most abscission occurring during the leaf senescence and abscission season. While branch emergence appeared to be independent of planting density. Both branch diameter and length increments exhibited an obvious increasing trend as planting densities decreased, and this trend was more pronounced in the middle and upper crown layers. Branch elongation was much more sensitive to planting density than diameter growth. Furthermore, the growth dynamics of branch diameter and length were closely synchronized with tree phenology, exhibiting a notable increment during leaf expansion and maturation periods. These findings highlight the importance and effectiveness of using appropriately high planting densities to control branch development in the most valuable stem sections of B. alnoides, and provide practical guidance for silvicultural interventions aimed at promoting high-quality solid wood production for this species.

树枝发育对树木生长和木材质量至关重要，近几十年来得到了相当多的研究关注。尽管竞争强烈影响树枝形态，但不同冠层间树枝发育对种植密度的季节性动态响应尚不清楚。为了解决这一问题，自2017年4月起，在中国南方一个5年的白桦（Betula alnoides）试验田进行了为期两年的实地研究，种植密度为每公顷625至2500根。在研究期间，对54棵优势或共优势乔木上分布在不同树冠层（高度从1 ~ 2 m到5 ~ 6 m）上的1885个枝条的大小和状态进行了定期原位监测。在每次测量中还记录了顶端分支的出现。天然剪枝率与种植密度呈显著正相关，且大部分脱落发生在叶片衰老期和脱落季。而枝条出苗率与种植密度无关。随着种植密度的降低，枝径和枝长增量均呈现出明显的增加趋势，且这种趋势在中上层冠层表现得更为明显。枝条伸长对种植密度的敏感性大于对直径生长的敏感性。此外，枝条直径和长度的生长动态与树木物候密切同步，在叶片膨大期和成熟期表现出显著的增长。这些研究结果强调了利用适当的高种植密度来控制木质素最有价值的茎段分支发育的重要性和有效性，并为促进木质素高质量实木生产的造林干预提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Mature hybrid aspen plantations on former agricultural land can enhance landscape connectivity for forest species 在原农业用地上建立成熟的杂交杨树人工林可以增强森林物种的景观连通性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101161

Tea Tullus , Tiina Randlane , Andres Saag , Reimo Lutter , Arvo Tullus , Mari-Liis Siller , Reeno Sopp , Kristjan Täll , Natalia Vysotska , Marju Kaivapalu-Kaasik , Katri Ots , Hardi Tullus

Fast-growing hybrid aspen has been widely planted on former agricultural lands in Northern and Eastern Europe to produce pulpwood and sequester carbon into woody biomass. The biodiversity of mature hybrid aspen plantations has so far been rarely analysed. Moreover, the potential of hybrid aspen plantations to host flora typical of European aspen stands – recognised as biodiversity hotspots in Eurasian boreal forests – has not been evaluated. This study focused on two organism groups with contrasting habitat preferences – ground-dwelling herbs and epiphytic lichens. We sought to clarify how environmental and landscape factors influenced the diversity of herbs, lichens, and species characteristic of European aspen stands (EA species). Data were collected across 42 study plots within 20 hybrid aspen plantations in Estonia. Altogether, 162 herb species and 65 lichens were recorded, including 92 species also found in European aspen stands. The proportion of EA species was higher among lichens (86.2 %) than among herbs (22.2 %), reflecting a stronger legacy effect of former agricultural land-use on ground-dwelling species than on epiphytes. Responses of herb and lichen diversity to environmental variables differed. Richness of herbs was related to litter and stand characteristics. Compositional analyses also highlighted the role of soil-litter variables and stand structure in herb composition. Lichens responded to landscape-related variables. A greater extent of older forests around the study plots increased the richness of EA species. In conclusion, mature hybrid aspen plantations are relatively species-rich and can enhance landscape connectivity for forest species, particularly epiphytes, in agricultural landscapes.

在北欧和东欧，快速生长的杂交白杨被广泛种植在以前的农业用地上，用于生产纸浆和将碳封存到木质生物质中。到目前为止，对成熟杂交杨树人工林的生物多样性分析还很少。此外，杂交白杨人工林承载欧洲白杨林典型植物群的潜力尚未得到评估。欧洲白杨林被认为是欧亚北方针叶林的生物多样性热点。本研究的重点是两个具有不同栖息地偏好的生物群体-地面草本植物和附生地衣。我们试图阐明环境和景观因素如何影响欧洲白杨林分草本植物、地衣和物种特征的多样性。数据收集于爱沙尼亚20个杂交白杨种植园内的42个研究地块。总共记录了162种草本植物和65种地衣，其中92种也在欧洲的白杨林中发现。地衣中EA物种的比例（86.2%）高于草本植物（22.2%），说明前农业用地对地栖物种的遗留效应强于附生植物。草本植物和地衣多样性对环境变量的响应存在差异。草本植物丰富度与凋落物和林分特征有关。成分分析还强调了凋落物变量和林分结构对草本成分的影响。地衣对景观相关变量做出反应。研究样地周围更大范围的老森林增加了EA物种的丰富度。综上所述，成熟杂交杨树人工林物种相对丰富，可以增强农业景观中森林物种，尤其是附生植物的景观连通性。

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引用次数: 0

An improved forest canopy height mapping method by combining GAN-enhanced optical imagery, SAR, and GEDI data 基于gan增强光学影像、SAR和GEDI数据的森林冠层高度制图方法

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101131

Rongxi Wang , Hongtao Wang , Cheng Wang , Baokun Feng , Xiaoqian Cheng , Zhenqi Yang

Forest canopy height (FCH) is a crucial parameter for characterizing forest structure and ecosystem dynamics. NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) has greatly facilitated tree height estimation by providing accurate vertical structure measurements. However, the sparse spatial distribution of GEDI observations remains a significant constraint for large-scale FCH mapping. Although optical remote sensing imagery can compensate for such spatial discontinuities, its accuracy is often hindered by the presence of clouds, haze, and sensor interference. Additionally, in densely vegetated areas, optical data are susceptible to saturation effects, frequently resulting in the underestimation of canopy height. In this study, an improved FCH mapping method by combining GAN-enhanced optical Imagery, SAR, and GEDI data is proposed, which consists of three main steps: (1) cloud removal in optical imagery using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), which reduces the impact of cloud and fog on FCH estimation; (2) feature extraction from enhanced optical imagery, SAR, topographic and GEDI data; (3) FCH mapping using machine learning, and accuracy assessment. The proposed method maintained high accuracy in estimating FCH in regions with frequent cloud cover, particularly where continuous cloud-free imagery is difficult to obtain. Using Washington State, USA, as the study area, the method improved the footprint-level performance compared to optical data with approximately 20 % cloud cover, increasing R² from 0.60 to 0.73 and reducing RMSE from 5.45 m to 4.53 m. At the mapping stage, model validation against UAV-derived canopy height models (CHM) yielded an R² of 0.61 and an RMSE of 5.31 m.

森林冠层高度（FCH）是表征森林结构和生态系统动态的重要参数。NASA的全球生态系统动态调查（GEDI）通过提供精确的垂直结构测量，极大地促进了树木高度的估计。然而，GEDI观测数据的稀疏空间分布仍然是大规模FCH制图的一个重要限制。虽然光学遥感图像可以补偿这种空间不连续性，但其精度往往受到云、雾和传感器干扰的影响。此外，在植被密集地区，光学数据容易受到饱和效应的影响，经常导致对冠层高度的低估。本文提出了一种结合GAN增强光学图像、SAR和GEDI数据的改进FCH映射方法，主要包括三个步骤：(1)利用生成式对抗网络（GAN）去除光学图像中的云，减少云雾对FCH估计的影响；(2)对增强光学影像、SAR、地形和GEDI数据进行特征提取；(3)利用机器学习技术绘制FCH地图，并进行精度评估。该方法在频繁云层覆盖地区，特别是难以获得连续无云图像的地区，保持了较高的FCH估计精度。该方法以美国华盛顿州为研究区，与云层覆盖率约为20%的光学数据相比，提高了足迹级性能，将R²从0.60提高到0.73，将RMSE从5.45 m降低到4.53 m。在制图阶段，基于无人机衍生的冠层高度模型（CHM）的模型验证得出R²为0.61，RMSE为5.31 m。

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引用次数: 0